Download Animal Body Systems Vocabulary Handout

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Basic Animal & Human Body Systems
Axial Skeleton
bones which make up the vertebral column and skull
Appendicular Skeleton
part of the skeleton which includes the pectoral girdle, the pelvic
girdle and the upper and lower limbs
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Biped
walks on two legs
Quadruped
walks on four legs
Skeletal System
provides protection to vital organs, aids in locomotion and blood
production and is used for storage
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Ligament
attaches bone to bone
Joints
areas where bones meet
Cartilage
absorbs shock and provides flexible structure; reduces joint friction
Ossification
the process of cartilage changing into bone
Skeletal Muscle
attached to bone, striated and voluntary
Cardiac Muscle
only located in the heart, striated and involuntary
Smooth Muscle
located in the digestive system, non-striated and involuntary
Peristalsis
wavelike series of muscular contractions which push material along the
digestive tract
Accompanies: Basic Animal & Human Body Systems
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Basic Animal & Human Body Systems
Tendon
attaches muscle to bone and is made of elastin
Collagen
connects muscle to muscle; also known as connective tissue
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Circulatory System
system which transports oxygen, hormones and nutrients to body tissues
and carbon dioxide waste from the body tissues and controls body
temperature
Arteries
vessels which carry blood away from the heart to the body tissues
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Veins
vessels which carry blood toward the heart
Sulci
grooves holding arteries and veins in the heart
Respiratory System
system in which main functions are to bring in oxygen and rid the body of
waste in the form of carbon dioxide
Hard Palate
separates the nasal cavity and the oral palate
Expiration
letting air out of the lungs
Inspiration
bringing air into the lungs
Alimentary Canal
tube which connects the mouth and the rectum
Ingestion
process by which food enters the mouth
Mechanical Processing
process by which food is physically broken down into small pieces
Accompanies: Basic Animal & Human Body Systems
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Basic Animal & Human Body Systems
Digestion
chemical breakdown of food into small particles
Secretion
process by which the body releases enzymes, water and acids into food
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Absorption
movement of molecules into the blood stream
Excretion
process by which waste is eliminated from the body
Prehension
the act by which food is grasped and gathered into the mouth
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Mastication
chewing
Monogastrics
organisms which have a simple stomach
Ruminant
organisms which have a multi-compartment stomach
Nervous System
gathers information from the body, processes information and responds
to the information within the body
Nerve Impulse
electrochemical reaction driven by sodium and potassium
Hormone
chemical molecules which travel through the blood to affect body
systems
Exocrine glands
secrete into body cavities or onto surfaces through ducts
Integumentary System
composed of the skin, hair and glands associated with the skin
Accompanies: Basic Animal & Human Body Systems
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Basic Animal & Human Body Systems
Thermoregulation
control of the body temperature
Sebaceous Glands
oil glands
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Immune System
system which protects the body from infection
Vaccine
weakened or killed antigen which when injected promotes immunity
Antigen
foreign particle in the body
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Lymphocyte
white blood cell
Accompanies: Basic Animal & Human Body Systems
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