Download Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Syllabus 2013

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Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Syllabus 2013
Carefully read Chapter 8 to answer the following questions on Photosynthesis.
Activity #1 - Measuring the Effect of Light Intensity on Photosynthesis
A
1. What is energy? p.201
2. How do autotrophs obtain energy? Heterotrophs?
3. What is ATP?
4. What happens when a phosphate group is removed from ATP? Fig 8-3
5. Name some events that ATP powers. p.202-203
6. With respect to energy, how are ATP and glucose similar and different?
7. Briefly discuss the contributions of Van Helmont, Priestly, and Jan Ingenhousz.
8. Write the equation for photosynthesis
9. In addition to water, name 2 other requirements for photosynthesis.
10. What is the visible spectrum? Chlorophyll absorbs light from what regions of the spectrum?
11. Why do plants appear green? How well would a plant grow under yellow light?
12. What happens when chlorophyll absorbs light? p.207
13. Sketch a chloroplast. Label the thylakoids and grana. Specifically, where is light absorbed?
B
1. Name the 2 reaction of photosynthesis
2. Study figure 8-7. Make a chart of the reactants and products for the light reactions and the dark
reactions (Calvin cycle)
3. What is the function of a carrier molecule?
4. What is the electron transport chain?
5. NADP is an example of a carrier molecule. What happens to make NADP convert to NADPH?
6. NADPH carries high-energy electrons to fuel other reactions such as building ____________?
7. Study the light reactions (fig 8-10). What are 3 things produced by the light reactions?
8. Where are the light reactions taking place in the chloroplast?
9. What is the difference between photosystem II and photosystem I?
10. What is the source of electrons for photosystem II?
11. How do the electrons from photosystem II get to photosystem I?
12. As the electrons move from photosystem II to photosystem I, what is happening to H+ ions?
13. What happens in photosystem I?
14. What causes ATP synthase to form ATP?
15. Study fig 8-11. What are the main products of the Calvin cycle?
16. Why is the Calvin cycle referred to as the dark reaction? Where in the chloroplast does this
process occur?
17. What is the source of carbon in the Calvin Cycle?
18. Where do ATP and NADPH come from?
19. When the two 3-carbon molecules are removed from the cycle. What might they from?
20. How many CO2 molecules are required to make a 6 carbon sugar molecule?
21. Which reaction in photosynthesis produces oxygen for the atmosphere?
22. Name 2 factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis.
Carefully read Chapter 9 to answer the following questions on Cellular Respiration.
C. Overview of cell respiration
1. List and explain three reasons why animals must eat.
2. Why is the term calorie used when talking about the energy present in food?
3. Define cellular respiration.
4. Write the equation for cellular respiration. Does this equation actually reflect all that occurs in
the process of cellular respiration? Explain your answer.
5. Into what three stages is this process divided?
6. Sketch a mitochondrion labeling the cristae, intermembrane space, outer membrane, and
matrix.
7. Label on the sketch where each stage occurs. (Figure 9-2)
D. Glycolysis
1. Study Figure 9-3. Explain what happens in this process. Specifically state the products.
2. Where is this process occurring? (Figure 9-2)
3. Define glycolysis.
4. Is glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic?
5. Why must ATP be used to start glycolysis?
6. What is the role of NAD+? What happens to NADH?
7. What is the advantage of glycolysis?
8. What happens if large amounts of ATP are generated from glycolysis?
E. Fermentation
1. When oxygen is not present, a different pathway follows glycolysis. What is this pathway?
2. How is alcoholic fermentation similar to that of lactic acid fermentation?
3. How are the two processes different?
4. Cite examples of living organisms that conduct these processes?
5. How do humans utilize fermentation?
F. Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
1. Where does the Krebs cycle occur? (Figure 9-2)
2. Is it aerobic or anaerobic?
3. Why do we need to breathe?
Carefully study Figure 9-6 for numbers 4-8.
4. What happens to pyruvic acid as it enters the mitochondrion?
5. What is the role of acetyl Co-A in forming citric acid?
6. What are the products of the Krebs Cycle? How much of each product is formed?
7. What happens to each product?
8. How many times must the cycle occur to account for the original molecule of glucose that
started the process in glycolysis?
9. Where does the carbon dioxide that you exhale come from?
10. Remember that the purpose of cellular respiration is to acquire energy from glucose. Where is it
now?
G. Electron Transport Chain
1. What is the purpose of this segment of cellular respiration?
2. Where does it occur?
3. What are the products of this process?
4. Carefully review Figure 9-7. What is happening at point A? Point B? Point C?
5. What is the role of the following in this process?
b. NADH
e. ATP synthase
c. FADH2
f. H+
d. Oxygen
g. electrons
H. Energy use
1. Automobile engines are about 25% efficient in using gasoline. Most of the excess energy is lost
as heat. Just lift the hood of your car and touch any part of the motor to know this! Compare
the cell efficiency to that of the car.
2. What process provides energy for approximately the first 90 seconds of exercise? What
process provides energy beyond 90 seconds?
3. When exercising, how much time elapses before stored energy such as fat is used?
Activity #2: INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND CELLULAR RESPIRATION
In your groups, each member will construct a drawing showing the relationship between photosynthesis
and cellular respiration.
Answer the following questions:
1. What specifically are plants providing for the animals in the environment?
2. What specifically are animals providing for your plants in the environment?
3. In the environment there should be a balance between these two processes. Suppose an algal
bloom occurs in a lake or pond? How would this effect the overall stability of the area? Explain.