Download Physiology (17%) Sample Test Prep Questions

Physiology (17%)
Sample Test Prep Questions
Grade 7 (5a Physiology) Students know plants and animals have levels of organization
for structure and function, including cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and the
whole organisms.
Summary: Multicellular organisms, such as plants and animals, tend to have cellular
specialization (differentiation), which means individual cells or tissues may take on
specific functions within the organism.
Massachusetts Released Question
Which of the following correctly lists the organizational hierarchy of organisms
from simplest to most complex?
A
B
C
D
Cells, organs, tissues, organ systems, organisms
Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms
Tissues, cells, organs, organ systems, organisms
Tissues, organs, cells, organ systems and organisms
Answer: B Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms
-------------------------------------------------------------Grade 7 (5c Physiology) Students know how bones and muscles work together to
provide a structural framework for movement.
Summary: The skeletal system in animals provides support and protection. Muscles are
attached to bones by tendons and work in coordination with the bones and the nervous
system to cause movement through coordinated contraction and relaxation of different
muscle groups.
Grade 7 (6j Physiology) Students know that contractions of the heart generate blood
pressure and that heart valves prevent backflow of blood in the circulatory system.
Summary: The heart is a pump in which blood enters a chamber through a blood vessel;
a valve closes off the blood vessel to prevent the blood from flowing in the wrong
direction; and the heart muscle contracts. This action “squeezes” the blood and increases
the pressure to force the blood into another blood vessel. Pressure is defined as force per
unit area and is measured in various units, such as millimeters of mercury (mmHg).
Biology (9a Physiology)Students know how the complementary activity of major body
systems provides cells with oxygen and nutrients and removes toxic waste products
such as carbon dioxide.
Summary: The digestive system delivers nutrients (e.g. glucose) to the circulatory
system. Oxygen molecules move from the air to the alveoli of the lungs and then to the
circulatory system. From the circulatory system glucose and oxygen molecules move
from the capillaries into the cells of the body where cellular respiration occurs. During
cellular respiration these molecules are oxidized into carbon dioxide and water, and
energy is trapped in the form of ATP. The gas exchange process is reversed for the
removal of carbon dioxide from its higher concentration in the cells to the circulatory
system and, finally, to its elimination by exhalation from the lungs.
Biology (9b Physiology)Students know how the nervous system mediates
communication between different parts of the body and the body’s interactions with the
environment.
Summary: An individual becomes aware of the environment through the sense organs
and other body receptors. The body reflexively responds to external stimuli through a
reflex arc. A reflux arc is the pathway along the central nervous system where an
impulse must travel to bring about a reflex. Hormones work in conjunction with the
nervous system.
-------------------------------------------------------------California Released Question
The respiratory system depends on the nervous system for signals to
A
B
C
D
enhance the amount of available oxygen in the lungs.
coordinate muscles controlling breathing.
release enzymes to increase the exchange of gases.
exchange gases with the circulatory system.
Answer: B coordinate muscles controlling breathing.
-------------------------------------------------------------Biology (10b Physiology) Students know the role of antibodies in the body’s response to
infection.
Summary: Cells produce antibodies to oppose antigens, substances that are foreign to the
body. Antibodies can inactivate pathogens directly or signal immune cells that pathogens
are present.
Biology (10c Physiology) Students know how vaccination protects an individual from
infectious diseases.
Summary: Several weeks are required before the immune system develops immunity to a
new antigen. To overcome this problem, vaccinations safely give the body a look in
advance at the foreign structures. Vaccines usually contain either weakened or killed
pathogens that are responsible for a specific infectious disease, or they may contain a
purified protein or subunit from the pathogen. When the individual is exposed to the
pathogenic agent, perhaps years later, the body still remembers having seen the antigens
in the vaccine dose and can respond quickly. Students should review the history of
vaccine use.
-------------------------------------------------------------California Released Question
The Sabin vaccine is a liquid containing weakened polio viruses. Vaccinated
individuals become protected against polio because the weakened viruses
A
B
C
D
prevent further viral invasion.
induce an inflammatory response.
promote production of antibodies.
are too weak to cause illness.
Answer: C promote production of antibodies.
-------------------------------------------------------------Biology: (10d Physiology) Students know there are important differences between
bacteria and viruses with respect to their requirements for growth and replication, the
body’s primary defenses against bacterial and viral infections, and effective treatments
of these infections.
Summary: A virus, which is the simplest form of a genetic entity, is incapable of
metabolic life and reproduction outside the cells of other living organisms. A virus
contains genetic materials but has no ribosomes. Although some viruses are benign,
many harm their host organisms by destroying or altering its cell structures. Generally,
the body perceives viruses as antigens and produces antibodies to counteract the virus.
Bacteria are organism with a full cellular structure. They, too, can be benign or harmful.
Harmful bacteria and their toxins are perceived as antigens by the body, which in turn
produces antibodies. Antibiotics are effective in treating bacterial infections, sometimes
working by destroying or interfering with the growth of bacterial
-------------------------------------------------------------Which of the following require a host cell because they are not able to make proteins
on their own?
A blue-green algae
B bacteria
C protozoans
D viruses
Answer: D. viruses
-------------------------------------------------------------Virginia Released Question
Which of these could be successfully treated with antibiotics?
A.
B.
C.
D.
common cold.
Influenza
HIV
Strep throat
Answer: D. strep throat
-------------------------------------------------------------Virginia Released Question
An important difference between viruses and living cells is that viruses
A
B
C
D
.
can not reproduce outside of cells
contain more nuclei than cells
can not mutate but cells can
need an energy source but cells do not
Answer: A can not reproduce outside of cells
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