Download Domains and Kingdoms

Domains and Kingdoms
Images, from left to right: Cholera bacteria, Volvox colony, Strep bacteria
THE DOMAINS
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A domain is the broadest level in the classification of life.
All living organisms belong to one of 3 domains:
ARCHAEA
BACTERIA
EUKARYA
Do you remember which one you belong to?
I. ARCHAEA
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Domain Archaea contains one kingdom – also named
Archaea.
Comes from a Greek word meaning “ancient.” In fact, the
last common ancestor of all life on Earth may have been
archaea – that’s how old they are!
Archaea are Prokaryotic (does not have a nucleus) and
unicellular.
Archaea are often found in extreme environments
where other life cannot survive. For example, these
extremophiles can be found in extremely hot, cold, salty,
oxygen-free and/or acidic environments such as in hot
springs, volcanic environments, salt lakes or in the guts of
animals.
Archaea 
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continued
Archaea have cell walls that are unique and do not
contain peptidoglycan like bacteria do.
Metabolism (how they get their energy):
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Some are lithotrophs (inorganic matter like Sulphur or ammonia)
Some are phototrophs (using light – but not for photosynthesis)
Some are organotrophs (organic matter – including gut-dwelling)
3 MainTypes of Archaea:
Thermophiles – live in above boiling temps
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Halophile – salt concentration 5 times greater than the ocean
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Methanogens – produce methane gas as a byproduct of metabolism
Archaebacteria reproduce asexually by binary fission, budding or
fragmentation.
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II. BACTERIA
Domain Bacteria contains one kingdom – also
named Bacteria (Eubacteria).
 Bacteria are prokaryotic.
 Bacteria are microscopic,unicellular organisms.
 There are more bacteria in our bodies than
there are cells in our body!
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Bacteria - continued
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Bacteria have cell walls made of peptidoglycan
Bacteria get their nutrition in a variety of ways:
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Photoautotrophs
Photoheterotrophs
Lithotrophs
Organotrophs
Bacteria reproduce asexually through binary fission (as
quickly as every 10 minutes!)
Bacteria - Continued
Bacteria have 3 main shapes: spherical
(coccus), rod (bacillus), and spiral (spirilla).
III. EUKARYA
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Are eukaryotic (cells have a nucleus).
The 4 Kingdoms found in this Domain are:
Plantae
Animalia
Fungi
Protista
Kindom Protista
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All Protists are eukaryotic and most can MOVE!
Most are single-celled; some are simple, multi-cellular
organisms; some are colonial.
Protists reproduce asexually or sexually
Some protists are animal-like (protozoa); some are plantlike (algae); some are both (euglena); some are fungus-like
(slime molds).
Protista – continued
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Animal-like protists are heterotrophic (or parasitic), lack a
cell wall, and can move by using a flagellum, cilia, or
pseudopod.
Plant-like protists photosynthesize and produce O2.
Plant-like protists have cell walls made of cellulose or
silica (diatoms).
Plant-like protists may be single-celled (algae, diatoms,
dinoflagellates) or multi-cellular (brown, green, red algae,
kelp, aka, seaweed).
Plant-like Protists
Animal-like Protists
Protista - cotinued
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Fungus-like protists can be single-celled, multi-celled, or
plasmodial (one mass of cytoplasm with many nuclei).
Fungus-like protists are saprotrophic – absorb nutrients
from dead/decaying matter (decomposers)
Fungus-like protists can reproduce asexually or sexually
and release spores –similar to fungus.
Cell walls are composed of cellulose (like plants – not
chitin like fungus)
Slime molds and Water Molds
Kingdom Fungi
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All Fungus are eukaryotic.
Fungus can be single-celled (yeast) or multi-cellular
(mushroom).
Fugus break down and absorb nutrients from their
surroundings (heterotrophic / saprotrophic).
Fungus do not photosynthesize or move.
Kindom Fungi - continued
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Fungus reproduce asexually through spores, budding,
fragmentation or fission; or sexually.
Fungal cell walls are composed of chitin (a polysaccharide
that is also found in the exoskeleton of insects).
Kingdom Plantea
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Plants are eukaryotic and multicellular
Plants have cell walls made of cellulose
Plants make their own food (autotrophic) through
photosynthesis.
Plants reproduce asexually or sexually.
Kingdom Animalia
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Animal cells are multi-cellular, eukaryotic and contain a
cell membrane – not a cell wall.
Animals have special senses that allow them to respond
to their environment.
Animals can usually move – some, like sponges, have very
limited ability to move.
Animals feed off of other life forms (heterotrophic).
Do you remember….
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In which domain would you find an organism
catagorized that lives in the Great Salt Lake in Utah?
Archaea
In which domain would you find the E. coli bacteria?
Bacteria
How many Kingdoms are in the domain Eukarya?
4
Can you name them?
Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
Do you remember…
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How do plants get nourishment?
Photosynthesis
Name 2 characteristics of plant cells.
1. Eukaryotic
2. Cell wall
What 3 other organisms are Protists similar to?
Plants, animals and/or Fungus
Are protists eukaryotic or prokaryotic?
Eukaryotic
Are fungus single-celled or multi-cellular?
They may be either
How do animals get nourishment?
By consuming other living things