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Cell Cycle Unit Study Guide Name . 1. Cell division is necessary for _____________, _____________, ______________, & 2. The 3 stages of the cell cycle are: ____________________, _________________, ____________________ 3. _______________________: period between cell divisions Stage G1 Major Event(s) G0 S G2 4. ____________________: process of sorting and distributing chromosomes for cell division Phase prophase Major Event(s) metaphase anaphase telophase 5. Describe the process of cytokinesis and its end products. 6. Explain why a chromosome does not have sister chromatids during G1. 7. Describe the 3 major events in DNA synthesis: a. b. c. 8. Why is DNA replication considered “semi-conservative”? 9. Write the complementary DNA bases for this DNA segment: GGCTCAATG Describe the functions of each of these enzymes: 10. DNA ligase 11. DNA polymerase 12. helicase Drawing 13. How are homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids different from each other? 14. The bases are always added from the ____________ direction to form the new DNA strands. 15. What makes a DNA molecule antiparallel? List all the differences between the leading & lagging strands. Strand How It is Built 16. leading strand 17. lagging strand 18. Label the following drawing of the cell cycle using these terms: cytokinesis, mitosis, interphase, G0, G1, G2, S, anaphase, metaphase, prophase, telophase, 2 cells formed Direction Traveling 19. Label the following parts in the S phase diagram: DNA ligase, DNA polymerase, helicase, lagging strand, leading strand, Okazaki fragments, original strands, replication fork, 3’, 5’ 20. What are the 2 types of cell cycle errors? a. b. 21. What are the processes to correct each of these errors? a. b. 22. What proteins regulate progression through the cell cycle? 23. What is the function of checkpoint controls? 24. What is it called when the checkpoint control protein detects a mistake and stops the cell cycle? 25. Explain the relationship between the cell cycle and cancer. 26. Why do cell mutations happen? 27. Describe the steps in repairing mutations in DNA.