Download Section 4.1 Studying Atoms

Name ___________________________
Chapter 4
Class ___________________
Date _____________
Atomic Structure
Section 4.1 Studying Atoms
(pages 100-105)
This section discusses the development of atomic models.
Reading Strategy (page 100)
Summarizing As you read, complete the table about atomic models.
For more information on this Reading Strategy, see the Reading and
Study Skills in the Skills and Reference Handbook at the end of
your textbook.
Atomic Models
Scientist
Evidence
Model
Ratio of masses
in compounds
Deflected beam
Rutherford
Positive, dense nucleus
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Ancient Greek Models of Atoms (page 100)
1. Democritus named the smallest particles of matter
because they could not be divided.
2. List the four elements that Aristotle included in his model of matter.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Dalton’s Atomic Theory
(page 101)
3. Is the following sentence true or false? John Dalton gathered
evidence for the existence of atoms by measuring the masses of
elements that reacted to form compounds.
4. What theory did Dalton propose to explain why the elements
in a compound always join in the same way?
5. Circle the letters of the sentences that represent the main points of
Dalton’s theory of atoms.
a. All elements are composed of atoms.
b. In a particular compound, atoms of different elements always
combine the same way.
c. All atoms have the same mass.
d. Compounds contain atoms of more than one element.
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Name ___________________________
Chapter 4
Class ___________________
Date _____________
Atomic Structure
Thomson’s Model of the Atom
(pages 102–103)
6. Objects with like electric charges
, and objects with
opposite electric charges
.
7. What happened to the beam when Thomson placed a pair of charged metal plates
on either side of the glass tube?
8. Thomson concluded that the particles in the glowing beam had a(n)
charge because they were attracted to a positive plate.
9. Is the following sentence true or false? Thomson’s experiments
provided the first evidence for the existence of subatomic particles.
10. Describe Thomson’s model.
Rutherford’s Atomic Theory
(pages 104–105)
11. What is an alpha particle?
12. Fill in the table to show what Rutherford hypothesized would
happen to the paths of alpha particles as they passed through a
thin sheet of gold.
Rutherford’s Hypothesis
Particles that did not pass straight
from their source to a screen that lit up
through would be
when struck.
13. Circle the letters of the sentences that describe what happened
when Marsden directed a beam of particles at a piece of gold foil.
a. Fewer alpha particles were deflected than expected.
b. More alpha particles were deflected than expected.
c. None of the alpha particles were deflected.
d. Some alpha particles bounced back toward the source.
14. Circle the letter of the sentence that states what Rutherford
concluded from the gold foil experiment.
a. An atom’s negative charge is concentrated in its nucleus.
b. Thomson’s model of the atom was correct.
c. An atom’s positive charge is concentrated in its nucleus.
d. An atom’s positive charge is spread evenly throughout
the atom.
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Most particles would travel
Name ___________________________
Chapter 4
Class ___________________
Date _____________
Atomic Structure
Section 4.2 The Structure of an Atom
(pages 108–112)
This section compares the properties of three subatomic particles. It also
discusses atomic numbers, mass numbers, and isotopes.
Reading Strategy
(page 108)
Monitoring Your Understanding Before you read, list in the table
shown what you know about atoms and what you would like to learn.
After you read, list what you have learned. For more information on
this Reading Strategy, see the Reading and Study Skills in the Skills
and Reference Handbook at the end of your textbook.
What I Know
About Atoms
What I Would
Like to Learn
What I Have
Learned
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.
Properties of Subatomic Particles
(pages 108–109)
1. What are three subatomic particles?
a.
b.
c.
2. Circle the letter that identifies a subatomic particle
with a positive charge.
a. nucleus
b. proton
c. neutron
d. electron
3. Why did Chadwick conclude that the particles produced by his experiment were
neutral in charge?
Comparing Subatomic Particles
(pages 109–110)
4. Circle the letters of properties that vary among subatomic particles.
a. color
b. mass
c. charge
d. location in the atom
5. Circle the letter of the expression that accurately compares the
masses of neutrons and protons.
a. mass of 1 neutron = mass of 1 proton
b. mass of 2000 neutrons = mass of 1 proton
c. mass of 1 electron = mass of 1 proton
d. mass of 1 neutron = mass of 1 electron
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Chapter 4
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Name ___________________________
Chapter 4
Class ___________________
Date _____________
Atomic Structure
Atomic Number and Mass Number
(page 110)
6. Is the following sentence true or false? Two atoms of the same
element can have different numbers of protons.
7. What is an atomic number?
8. Circle the letters that identify quantities that are always equal
to an element’s atomic number.
a. number of nuclei
b. number of protons
c. number of neutrons
d. number of electrons
9. Is the following sentence true or false? Two different elements can
have the same atomic number.
10. What is the mass number of an atom?
11. Complete the equation in the table below.
Number of neutrons ⫽
(page 112)
12. Every atom of a given element has the same number of
and
.
13. Every atom of a given element does not have the same number of
.
14. What are isotopes?
15. All oxygen atoms have 8 protons. Circle the letter of the number of
neutrons in an atom of oxygen-18.
a. 8
b. 9
c. 10
d. 18
16. Is the following sentence true or false? Isotopes of oxygen have
different chemical properties.
17. Water that contains hydrogen-2 atoms instead of hydrogen-1
atoms is called
.
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Isotopes
⫺