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Astronomy Chapter 12 Name: ________________________________ Worksheet 1 Block: ________________________________ Match the definitions to the correct word or term ____ 1. Photosphere ____ 2. Radiative zone ____ 3. Coronal holes ____ 4. Sunspots ____ 5. Ideal gas law ____ 6. Cosmic rays ____ 7. Solar flares ____ 8. Nuclear force ____ 9. Pressure ____ 10. Zeeman effect ____ ____ 11. Convection zone 12. Proton-proton chain ____ ____ ____ 13. Granulation 14. Prominence 15. Solar cycle ____ 16. Chromosphere ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. ____ 22. Corona ____ 23. Solar wind Nuclear fusion Hydrostatic equilibrium Maunder minimum Spicules Neutrinos A. The time period for about A.D. 1600 to 1740 during which the Sun was relatively inactive B. The binding of two light nuclei to form a heavier nucleus with some nuclear mass converted to energy C. The region immediately below the Sun’s visible surface in which its heat is carried by convection D. The force exerted by a substance such as a gas on an area divided by that area E. The condition in which pressure and gravitational forces in a star or planet are in balance F. The cyclic change in solar activity G. The lower part of the Sun’s outer atmosphere that lies directly above the Sun’s visible surface H. The outflow of low-density, hot gas from the Sun’s upper atmosphere I. Tiny neutral particles with little or no mass and immense penetrating power J. A dark, cool region on the Sun’s visible surface created by intense magnetic fields K. A low density region in the Sun’s corona L. The visible surface of the Sun M. A hot, thin column of gas in the Sun’s chromosphere N. The outer, hottest part of the Sun’s atmosphere O. The region inside a star where its energy is carried outward by radiation P. The splitting of a single spectrum line into two or three lines by a magnetic field Q. A law relating the pressure, density, and temperature of a gas R. A sudden increase in brightness of a small region on the Sun S. A cloud of hot gas in the Sun’s outer atmosphere T. Texture seen in the Sun’s photosphere U. The nuclear fusion process that converts hydrogen into helium in stars and thereby generates their energy V. The force that holds protons and neutrons together in the atomic nucleus W. Extremely energetic particles traveling at nearly the speed of light Circle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer 24. The diameter of the Sun is about how large compared with the Earth’s a. twice as big b. on half as big c. 10 times as big d. 100 times as big e. 10,000 times as big 25. About how many years elapse between times of maximum solar activity? a. 3 b. 5 c. 11 d. 33 e. 105 26. Sunspots are dark because a. they are cool relative to the gas around them b. they contain 10 times as much iron as surrounding regions c. nuclear reactions occur in them more slowly than in the surrounding gas d. clouds in the cool corona block our view of the hot photosphere e. the gas within them is too hot to emit any light 27. The Sun is supported against the crushing force of its own gravity by a. magnetic forces b. its rapid rotation c. the force exerted by escaping neutrinos d. gas pressure e. the antigravity of its positrons 28. The Sun produces its energy from a. fusion of neutrinos into helium b. fusion of positrons into helium c. disintegration of helium into hydrogen d. fusion of hydrogen into helium e. electric currents generated in its core 29. During the daytime, about a trillion solar neutrinos per second pass through you. At night, the number is a. Zero b. About the same c. About half as much d. Much, much smaller 30. The primary method astronomers use to measure the oscillations on the surface of the Sun is by a. Comparing telescopic images b. Magnetograms from measuring Zeeman splitting of spectral lines c. Measuring the Doppler shift of absorption lines from the surface d. X-ray and ultraviolet imaging by satellites e. Sonic detection Answer the following questions 31. How does energy get to the Sun’s surface from its core? 32. What visible evidence do we have that the Sun has a convection zone? 33. How do prominences and flares differ? 34. What are solar neutrinos? Why are they important?