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The 2012 Yale Certamen Novice Level Round 1 ! 1. What famous hero saved Rome by his defense of the Pons Sublicius? HORATIUS B1 To what did Horatius’ agnomen, Cocles refer? HE HAD ONE EYE/ONE EYED B2 Despite the legend of Horatius, historians believe Lars Porsenna did capture Rome. What maiden swam across the Tiber to escape Porsenna? CLOELIA 2. Supply the correct form of īrātus to agree with the noun form agricolae. ĪRĀTŌ / ĪRĀTĪ B1 Change agricolae īrātō to the plural. AGRICOLĪS ĪRĀTĪS B2 Change agricolīs īrātīs to the genitive case. AGRICOLĀRUM ĪRĀTŌRUM 3. What Greek goddess of hunting and childbirth is often depicted carrying a bow, quiver, and arrows? ARTEMIS B1 Which of the following animals was sacred to Artemis: Owl, peacock, deer, horse? DEER B2 What brother of Artemis was the god of prophecy and song? APOLLO 4. Translate into English: “Cornelia ambulat in villa.” CORNELIA WALKS INTO THE HOUSE. B1 Translate into English: “Quintus portat libros e horto.” QUINTUS CARRIES THE BOOK OUT OF THE GARDEN. B2 Translate into English: “Romani necant meos elephantos.” THE ROMANS ARE KILLING MY ELEPHANTS. 5. What did the Romans call apartment blocks? ĪNSULAE B1 What did the Romans call the main entrance hall of a house? ĀTRIUM B2 What did the Romans call the alcoves on either side of the atrium? ĀLAE The 2012 Yale Certamen Novice Level Round 1 ! 6. What Olympian god had a mortal mother who perished after seeing Zeus in all of his glory? DIONYSUS B1 Dionysus is often depicted carrying what staff encircled by vines and topped with a pinecone? THYRSUS/THYRSOS B2 What loyal follower of Dionysus often accompanied the god drunk, supported by satyrs or by a donkey? At one point, he was grandly entertained by King Midas in Phrygia. SILENUS 7. Leaving all else the same, change the verb navigamus to the future. NAVIGABIMUS B1 Leaving all else the same, change navigabimus to the imperfect. NAVIGABAMUS B2 Leaving all else the same, change navigabamus to the singular. NAVIGABAM 8. Quid Anglicē significat: nauta? SAILOR B1 Quid Anglicē significat: deus? GOD B2 Quid Anglicē significat: mundus? WORLD 9. Please translate the following sentence into Latin: We will sail to the island. (NŌS) AD INSULAM NĀVIGĀBIMUS B1 Please translate: The slaves will work in the garden, SERVĪ IN HORTŌ LABŌRĀBUNT B2 Please translate: The men will be in the market place. VIRĪ / HOMINĒS ERUNT IN FORŌ 10. What creatures alerted Romans of an attempt to capture the Capitol in 390 BC? GEESE B1 Who heard the alarm of the sacred geese in 390 BC? (MARCUS) MANLIUS B2 What was the name of the Gallic chieftain who sacked Rome in 390 BC? BRENNUS 11. From what Latin verb do we derive the English noun “mission”? MITTO (MITTERE) B1 From what Latin verb do we ultimately derive the English noun “demand”? MANDO, (MANDARE) B2 From what Latin verb do we ultimately derive the English noun “emotion”? MOVĒO, (MOVĒRE) The 2012 Yale Certamen Novice Level Round 1 ! 12. What use of the ablative case can be found in the following sentence: frāter cum amīcō ad vīllam currit? ACCOMPANIMENT B1 What use of the ablative case can be found in this sentence: pugno gladio? MEANS B2 What use of the ablative case can be seen in the following sentence: viri laborant magno cum gaudio? MANNER 13. What city, south of the Ebro River, played a key role in the outbreak of the Second Punic War? SAGUNTUM B1 In what year did Saguntum fall to Hannibal? 218 BC B2 At what battle in 218 BC was P. Cornelius Scipio defeated? TICINUS RIVER 14. The so-called Oath of Tyndareus was taken by the suitors of what beautiful woman, whose beauty and infidelity led to the events of the Trojan War? HELEN B1 Who was the king of Sparta to whom Helen was married? MENELAUS B2 What king of Mycenae was the brother-in-law of Helen and the leader of the Greek forces at Troy? AGAMEMNON 15. Many people carry the title ‘doctor.’ Give the Latin for which the abbreviation M.D stands. MEDICINAE DOCTOR B1 What Latin abbreviation would a doctor use for your prescription? RX B2 Give the Latin and its English meaning for Rx. RECIPE - TAKE 16. What queen of Carthage fell madly in love with Aeneas after he and his men were shipwrecked on the African shore? DIDO B1 What Roman messenger god was sent by Jupiter to command Aeneas to leave Carthage so that he might fulfill his destiny? MERCURY B2 What goddess and mother of Aeneas was responsible for Dido’s falling in love with Aeneas in the first place? VENUS The 2012 Yale Certamen Novice Level Round 1 ! 17. Translate into English: Equus per agros currit. THE HORSE RUNS THROUGH THE FIELD. B1 Try this one: Elephantus liberorum ad Forum ambulat. THE CHILDREN’S ELEPHANT WALKS TO THE FORUM. B2 Now try this one: Vacca agricolae est stulta. THE FARMER’S COW IS STUPID. 18. Give an antonym of sedeō. STŌ / SURGŌ B1 Give an antonym of puella PUER B2 Give an antonym of terra. CAELUM 19. What sorceress transformed the crew of Odysseus into pigs after they landed on her island of Aeaea? CIRCE B1 Who was the sister of Circe and queen of Crete who fell in love with a white bull? PASIPHAE B2 What clever craftsman designed the Labyrinth which housed the monstrous offspring that resulted from Pasiphae’s bestial love? DAEDALUS 20. Quis erat septimus rex Romanus? TARQUINIUS SUPERBUS B1 Name his predecessor. SERVIUS TULLIUS B2 Name his predecessor. TARQUINIUS PRISCUS The 2012 Yale Certamen Novice Level Round 2 ! 1. From what Latin noun do we derive the English adjective “bellicose”? BELLUM B1 From what Latin noun do we derive the English adjective “dominant”? DOMINUS B2 From what Latin noun do we derive the English adjective “imperial”? IMPERIUM 2. Change the verb form ambulō to the imperfect tense. AMBULABAM B1 Change AMBULABAM to the third person. AMBULABAT B2 Change AMBULABAT to the future. AMBULABIT 3. What Campanian mercenaries appealed to Rome to expel Carthage from Messana? MAMERTINES B1 Who had hired the Mamertines to come to Sicily? SYRACUSE B2 What city did the Mamertines capture after deserting Syracuse? MESSANA 4. What maiden did Hades carry off to make the queen of the Underworld and his wife? PERSEPHONE B1 What Greek goddess of grain was Persephone’s mother? DEMETER B2 In what Greek town, the site of an ancient mystery cult, were Persephone and Demeter reunited? ELEUSIS 5. When teenagers do something extremely dumb, it has become commonplace to shout “YOLO” first. What Latin expression roughly conveys the same sense as the phase for which YOLO stands, “You Only Live Once?” CARPE DIEM B1 Rappers are also fond of saying “YOLO.” What Latin phrase might be appropriate for the front of Snoop Dogg’s house? CAVE CANEM B2 Assuming someone “YOLO’d,” as it were, and this was their last act, what Latin phrase would be usable after their death? POST MORTEM/DE MORTUĪS NIL NISI BONUM (ACCEPT PRETTY MUCH ANY PHRASE RELATED TO DEATH) The 2012 Yale Certamen Novice Level Round 2 ! 6. Translate into English: Servi trans rivum vaccas ducunt. THE SLAVES ARE LEADING THE COWS ACROSS THE RIVER. B1 Translate into English: Liberi in agro sedent. THE CHILDREN ARE SITTING IN THE FIELD. B2 Translate into English: Habitatis in oppido. YOU ALL LIVE IN THE/A CITY. 7. What unfortunate hunter caught sight of Artemis bathing in the woods and was transformed into a stag which his very own hounds promptly devoured? ACTAEON B1 In a similar story, the goddess Athena blinded what Theban prophet for stumbling upon her naked as she was bathing? TIRESIAS B2 Evidently, the Olympian goddesses were very swift in avenging themselves against those unfortunate enough to get in their way. What overly talkative nymph did Hera punish by taking away her voice, allowing her only to repeat the final words of those around her? ECHO 8. Give an antonym of falsus. VERUS B1 Give an antonym of dexter. SINISTER / LAEVUS B2 Give an antonym of iratus. LAETUS 9. What pair of star-crossed Babylonian lovers were the originators of the Romeo and Juliet story? PYRAMUS AND THISBE B1 What musician and his wife also share a tragic love story, after she was fatally bitten by a snake? ORPHEUS B2 Thankfully, not all couples in Greco-Roman mythology had sad endings. What pious old couple was happily transformed into a linden and oak tree at the time of their deaths? BAUCIS AND PHILEMON 10. Who was made dictator in 458 BC to rescue the army trapped at Mt. Algidus? CINCINNATUS B1 How long did it take Cincinnatus to accomplish his mission? SEVENTEEN DAYS B2 What tribe had trapped the Roman forces at Mt. Algidus? (THE) AEQUI The 2012 Yale Certamen Novice Level Round 2 ! 11. What foolish titan, whose name means “afterthought,” disobeyed his wiser brother’s instructions and accepted Pandora as a gift from Zeus. EPIMETHEUS B1 Prometheus, Epimetheus’ brother, had committed what crime which inspired Zeus to take revenge against him and against mankind? STOLE FIRE AND GAVE IT TO MAN B2 What son of Prometheus and daughter of Epimetheus survived the great flood created by Zeus and repopulated the earth with their offspring? DEUCALION AND PYRRHA 12. Change the phrase poēta nōtus to the plural. POĒTAE NŌTĪ B1 Change poēta nōtus to the dative. POĒTAE NŌTŌ B2 Change the plural forms poētae nōtī to the accusative. POĒTĀS NŌTŌS 13. Quid Anglicē significat: bracchium? ARM B1 Quid Anglicē significat: regnum? KINGDOM B2 Quid Anglicē significat: verbum? WORD 14. Translate the following sentence into Latin: The friends were drinking wine? AMĪCĪ VĪNUM BIBĒBANT B1 Say in Latin: The boys were running through the streets? PUERĪ PER VIĀS CURRĒBANT B2 Say in Latin: Mother used to tell many stories. MĀTER MULTAS FĀBULĀS NĀRRĀBAT 15. What Roman treacherously led foreign troops against Rome in 491 BC? CORIOLANUS B1 Who persuaded Coriolanus to turn back his attack of Rome? VETURIA (MOTHER) & VOLUMNIA (WIFE) B2 What tribe was Coriolanus leading against Rome? VOLSCI 16. Give the present plural imperative for the verb teneo, tenēre. TENETE B1 Give the present singular imperative for the verb doceo, docēre. DOCE B2 Say in Latin, “Sempronia, fear the dog!” The 2012 Yale Certamen Novice Level Round 2 ! SEMPRONIA, CANEM TIME! 17. What naval battle of 260 BC was Rome's first major naval victory? MYLAE B1 What battle in 241 BC ended the First Punic War? AEGATES ISLANDS B2 What battle of 202 BC ended the Second Punic War? ZAMA 18. What goddess of discord intentionally caused dissension among three other goddesses by throwing a golden apple inscribed with the words “For the fairest” in their midst? ERIS B1 At whose wedding did this disastrous event occur? PELEUS AND THETIS B2 What three Greek goddesses vied with each other for this apple? HERA, ATHENA, APHRODITE 19. What toga, whitened with chalk, was worn by a candidate running for office? TOGA CANDIDA/TOGA SPLENDĒNS B1 What toga was worn by a victorious general in his triumphal procession? TOGA PICTA B2 What toga was worn by the average citizen? TOGA VIRILIS/TOGA LĪBERA/TOGA PŪRA 20. Translate into English: Cur Romulus cum Remo pugnat? WHY IS ROMULUS FIGHTING WITH REMUS? B1 Translate into English: Celabimus pecuniam in campo? We will hide the money in the field? B2 Translate into English: Mea amica amat iocos. MY FRIEND LOVES JOKES The 2012 Yale Certamen Novice Level Round 3 ! 1. Translate into Latin: Don’t sing! NŌLĪ CANTĀRE / CANERE B1 Say in Latin: don’t shout! NŌLĪTE CLĀMĀRE B2 Say in Latin: Lead me to the forest! DŪC MĒ AD SILVAM! 2. The islands of Cythera and Cyprus were sacred to what Greek goddess of love? APHRODITE B1 What crippled Greek god was the wife of Aphrodite? HEPHAESTUS B2 What Greek god of war did Hephaestus catch committing adultery with Aphrodite? ARES 3. Quid Anglicē significat: ēheu? ALAS! / OH DEAR! / OH NO! B1 Quid Anglicē significat: ecce? LOOK! / BEHOLD! B2 Quid Anglicē significat: minimē? NŌ! 4. What titaness was constantly denied any land in which she might give birth to her twin children, conceived by Zeus? LETO B1 What mortal woman insulted Leto and consequently had her fourteen sons and daughters slain by Apollo and Diana? NIOBE B2 After this unfortunate incident, Niobe was transformed into what? WEEPING ROCK 5. What was the final battle of the First Punic War? AEGATES ISLANDS B1 In what year did the battle of the Aegates Islands take place? 241 BC(E) B2 Who was the victorious Roman admiral at the battle of the Aegates Islands? LUTATIUS CATULUS The 2012 Yale Certamen Novice Level Round 3 ! 6. What monster did Heracles defeat for the first of his twelve labors, henceforth wearing its hide as a cloak? NEMEAN LION B1 For what cowardly cousin was Heracles forced to perform these labors? EURYSTHEUS B2 Eurystheus sent Heracles to capture what animal that was sacred to Artemis, hoping that the hero would incur her divine wrath in the process? CERYNEIAN HIND 7. Complete this analogy: laudō : laudabimus :: moneō : _____. MONEBIMUS B1 …: laudō : laudabimus :: sum : _____. ERIMUS B2 …: laudō : laudabamus :: videō : _____. VIDEBAMUS 8. Give a synonym of proelium. BELLUM B1 Give a synonym of imperium. REGNUM, POTESTAS, etc. B2 Give a synonym of amicus. SOCIUS 9. Translate into English: Pueri cum puellis in silvā sedent. THE BOYS SIT/ARE SITTING IN THE FIELDS WITH THE GIRLS B1 Translate into English: Horatius multas epistulas scribit. HORATIUS WRITES/IS WRITING MANY LETTERS. B2 Translate into English: Julius dominum ignavum gladiō necabit. JULIUS WILL KILL THE LAZY MASTER WITH A SWORD. 10. What wicked king ordered Romulus and Remus to be thrown into the Tiber? AMULIUS B1 What shepherd of the royal flock found the twins suckling at the teats of a she-wolf? FAUSTULUS B2 Who was the mother of Romulus and Remus? RHEA SILVIA 11. Give the 2nd person singular present active of the verb sum, esse. ES B1 Now make es imperfect. ERATIS B2 Now change eratis to the future tense. ERITIS The 2012 Yale Certamen Novice Level Round 3 ! 12. Where did Hannibal surprise and destroy a Roman army in 217 BC? LAKE TRASIMENE B1 What Roman consul was killed at Lake Trasimene in 217 BC? (GAIUS) FLAMINIUS B2 Who was appointed dictator after the later defeat at Cannae? (QUINTUS) FABIUS MAXIMUS 13. What Trojan princess scorned the love of Apollo who had bestowed upon her a gift which he later turned into a curse? CASSANDRA B1 What was this gift of Apollo? PROPHETIC POWERS B2 What aspect of this gift did Apollo turn into a curse? NOBODY WOULD BELIEVE CASSANDRA 14. Give the Latin equivalent for “breakfast.” IENTACULUM B1 Give the Latin equivalent for “lunch.” PRANDIUM B2 Give the Latin equivalent for “dinner.” CĒNA 15. Translate into English: Magistra discipulis picturas monstrat. THE TEACHER SHOWS THE PICTURES TO THE/HER STUDENTS. B1 Try this one: Femina liberis librum novum dabat. THE WOMAN WAS GIVING/ GAVE A NEW BOOK TO THE CHILDREN. B2 Now try this one: Scipio filio filiaeque Circum Maximum monstrabit. SCIPIO WILL SHOW THE CIRCUS MAXIMUS TO HIS SON AND DAUGHTER. 16. From what Latin verb with what meaning is “audience” derived? AUDIO, (AUDIRE) – TO HEAR B1 From what Latin verb with what meaning is “amateur” derived? AMO (AMARE) — TO LOVE B2 From what Latin verb with what meaning is “ambulance” derived? AMBULO (AMBULARE) – to walk 17. Consider the sentence: Quīntus et Lūcius sunt amīcī. What case and use is the word amīcī? PREDICATE NOMINATIVE The 2012 Yale Certamen Novice Level Round 3 ! B1 Consider the sentence: Quīntus et Lūcius ē vīllā festīnābant. What use of the ablative case can be found in that sentence? PLACE FROM WHICH B2 What use of the ablative case can be found in the sentence: Quīntus in hortō sedet? PLACE WHERE 18. What king of Rome is said to have built the Regia and was rumored to have secret meetings with a goddess? NUMA POMPILIUS B1 What was the name of Numa Pompilius’ consort? EGERIA B2 Whose seat of authority was located at the Regia? PONTIFEX MAXIMUS 19. What keeper of the winds was bribed by Juno to destroy Aeneas’ ships? AEOLUS B1 Among the reasons for Juno’s grudge against Aeneas and the Trojans was Jupiter’s love for what Trojan prince? GANYMEDE B2 During the storm, Aeneas cries out to the heavens and expresses his regret that what Greek warrior, to whom Minerva had granted the power to distinguish between god and man, had not killed Aeneas at Troy? DIOMEDES 20. As many are aware, Harvard and Yale are rivals. What is the Latin motto of Yale? LUX ET VERITAS B1 What is Harvard’s Latin motto? VERITAS B2 What is the meaning of Lux et Veritas? LIGHT AND TRUTH The 2012 Yale Certamen Novice Level Semifinal Round ! 1. How many tables of law did the decemviri compose? TWELVE B1 What man was the leader of the decemviri? APPIUS CLAUDIUS B2 What was the name of the woman whom Appius Claudius defiled? VERGINIA 2. Change the verb audient to the present. AUDIUNT B1 Leaving all else the same, make audiunt singular and imperfect. AUDIEBAT B2 Leaving all else the same, change audiebat to the 1st person and future. AUDIAM 3. Hyperion, Themis, Mnemosyne, Cronus and Rhea were all members of what early mythological group? (THE) TITANS B1 What musical group of nine women were the children of Zeus and Mnemosyne? (THE) MUSES B2 What group of three women representing justice, peace, and the order of law were said by Hesiod to be the children of Zeus and Themis? SEASONS / HORAE / HORAI 4. What was the name of the dividing fence or wall which stretched across the middle of the circus? SPĪNA B3 In a Roman circus, what were the mētae? GOALPOSTS/TURNING POINTS B4 In a Roman circus, what were the carcerēs? STARTING GATES 5. Supply the correct form of bonus to agree with the noun form regis. BONI B3 Change regis boni to the plural. REGUM BONORUM B4 Change regum bonorum to the dative. REGIBUS BONIS 6. “Credible” and “credence” are both derived from what Latin verb? The 2012 Yale Certamen Novice Level Semifinal Round ! CREDO (CREDERE) B5 “Section” and “dissect” are both derived from what Latin verb? SECO (SECARE) B6 “Station” and “stagnant” are both derived from what Latin verb? STO (STARE) 7. Translate into English: Puer ad urbem sine patre ambulavit. THE BOY WALKED TO THE CITY WITHOUT HIS FATHER. B1 Translate into English: Cornelia magno cum dolore gladiatores spectabat. CORNELIA WAS WATCHING THE GLADIATORS WITH GREAT SADNESS. B2 Translate into English: Marius lupos clamoribus terret. MARCUS SCARES THE WOLVES WITH SHOUTS. 8. What small fortress and supply base near the Aufidus River served as a battle site in 216 BC and was a historically devastating loss for the Romans? CANNAE B1 and B2 For five points each, name the consuls who were killed at Cannae? PAULLUS and VARRO 9. What goddess of the moon fell in love with a handsome Aeolian mortal, a shepherd, a hunter, or a king according to various myths? SELENE B5 Who was this Aeolian mortal with whom Selene was so enamored? ENDYMION B6 At Selene’s request, Zeus bestowed what gift upon Endymion? ETERNAL SLEEP 10. C.E. is an abbreviation for the English phrase ‘Common Era.’ What Latin abbreviation often serves as an equivalent? A.D. B1 Give the Latin for A.D. ANNO DOMINI B2 What is the Latin for which the abbreviation P.M. stands? POST MERIDEIM 11. On what island was Odysseus detained for seven years by a beautiful nymph who selfishly prevented him from returning to Ithaca? OGYGIA B1 What faithful dog of Odysseus stays alive long enough to greet his master with the wagging of his tail upon Odysseus’ return? ARGUS B2 What loyal swineherd of Odysseus assists Odysseus in expelling the suitors from the palace and restoring Odysseus to his rightful place? EUMAEUS The 2012 Yale Certamen Novice Level Semifinal Round ! 12. Please translate into Latin: The mother gave money to her son. MĀTER PECŪNIAM FĪLIŌ (SUŌ) DEDIT / DĀBAT B3 Say in Latin: The angry gladiators will fight. GLADIĀTŌRĒS ĪRĀTĪ PUGNĀBUNT B4 Say in Latin: The boys work well. PUERI BENE LABORANT. 13. Which of the following, if any, does NOT belong because of meaning:, bōs, vacca, mūrus, taurus? MŪRŪS B7 …: nūbēs, caelum, pōns, stēlla? PŌNS B8 …: cēra, aurum, argentum, ferrum? CĒRA 14. What exemplary Roman hero shoved his hand into fire to convince Lars Porsenna of Roman resolve? (GAIUS) MUCIUS B1 What nickname did Gaius Mucius receive after burning his hand? SCAEVOLA B2 What does Scaevola mean? LEFTY 15. Whose ghost appeared to Aeneas in a dream, commanding him to escape the destruction of Troy? HECTOR’S B3 What elderly father of Aeneas initially refuses to flee the city, arguing that he has lived and suffered long enough? ANCHISES B4 Whose head bursts into flames that cause no harm, partially convincing Anchises that it is the gods’ will that he flee? ASCANIUS’/IULUS’ 16. What case is governed by the Latin preposition “trans?” ACCUSATIVE B5 What two cases are governed by the Latin preposition “sub?” ACCUSATIVE AND ABLATIVE B6 What case is governed by the Latin preposition “circum?” ACCUSATIVE 17. Quid Anglicē significat: gravis? HEAVY / SERIOUS / GRAVE The 2012 Yale Certamen Novice Level Semifinal Round ! B1 Quid Anglicē significat: dulcis? SWEET B2 Quid Anglicē significat: scelestus? WICKED 18. What monster, comprised of the body parts of three animals, did Bellerophon kill. THE CHIMERA B3 What king gave Bellerophon this task in hopes of killing him? IOBATES B4 What three animals make up the chimera? GOAT, LION, SNAKE 19. Translate into English: Canisne felem amat? DOES THE DOG LOVE THE CAT? B1 Translate into English: feles canem amabit. THE CAT WILL LOVE THE DOG? B2 Translate into English? Piscisne feles timet? DOES THE FISH FEARTHE CATS? 20. By the order in which they died, name the members of the First Triumvirate CRASSUS, POMPEY, CAESAR B1 At what battle did Crassus die? CARRHAE B2 After what battle did Pompey flee to Egypt and suffer beheading? PHARSALUS The 2012 Yale Certamen Novice Level Final Round ! 1. What evil stepmother of Greek mythology tried to engineer the death of her stepchildren, Phrixus and Helle? INO B1 Who sent a golden ram to rescue Phrixus and Helle from being sacrificed? NEPHELE B2 Although Helle fell off the back of the golden ram and drowned, Phrixus arrived safely in what kingdom rules by Aeetes? COLCHIS 2. Please translate into Latin: We will work in the temple of the gods. (NŌS) IN TEMPLŌ DEŌRUM LABŌRĀBIMUS B1 Say in Latin: I will see y’all in the house of the merchant? (EGO) VŌS (OMNĒS) IN VĪLLĀ MERCĀTŌRIS VIDĒBŌ B2 Say in Latin: Why haven’t you written the letter, Publius? CŪR EPISTULAM / LITTERĀS NON SCRĪPSISTĪ, PŪBLĪ? 3. Quid Anglicē significat: numquam? NEVER B1 Quid Anglicē significat: fortasse? PERHAPS / MAYBE B2 Quid Anglicē significat: ergo? THEREFORE 4. What Carthaginian general did the Romans defeat at the battle of Metaurus River? HASDRUBAL B1 In what year did the battle of Metaurus River take place? 207 BC B2 What happened to Hasdrubal after his defeat at Metaurus River? HE WAS BEHEADED (and his head was thrown into the Carthaginian camp) 5. What king of Oechalia taught Heracles archery and was murdered by the hero after cheating him out of the hand of his daughter in marriage? EURYTUS B1 Who was this daughter of Eurytus who had been denied to Heracles? IOLE B2 After Heracles’ death and deification, he married what cupbearer and goddess of youth? HEBE The 2012 Yale Certamen Novice Level Final Round ! 6. “Emergency,” “submersion,” “emergent,” and “immerse” are all derived from what Latin verb? MERGO / MERGERE B1 From what Latin noun with what meaning do we derive the English noun “magistrate”? MAGISTER- TEACHER B2 From what Latin noun with what meaning do we derive the English words “marinate” and “maritime?” MARE – SEA / OCEAN 7. Change the verb form dūcō to the future tense. DŪCAM B3 Change dūcam to the plural. DŪCĒMUS B4 Change dūcēmus to the perfect tense. DŪXIMUS 8. At what battle of 295 BC did the Romans defeat the Samnites? SENTINUM B3 What Roman general sacrificed himself to ensure Roman victory at Sentinum? DECIUS MUS B4 What was Decius Mus' act of self-sacrifice called? DĒVOTIŌ 9. In Homer’s Iliad, what old king of Pylos advised Agamemnon and Achilles to reconcile? NESTOR B1 What swift-footed son of Nestor was killed at Troy by Memnon? ANTILOCHUS B2 In Homer’s Odyssey, what Ithacan prince travels to Nestor’s kingdom in Pylos to inquire about his father’s fate? TELEMACHUS 10. In addition to its phenomenal undergraduate program, Yale also is known for its law school. Lawyers are required to do a certain amount work without pay each year. What is the Latin expression for these types of cases? PRO BONŌ (PUBLICŌ) B1 What does pro bonō publicō mean? FOR THE PUBLIC GOOD/WELFARE B2 When a lawyer presents evidence, he hopes that the jury will accept it at first sight. What Latin phrase means “at first glance”? PRIMA FACIE 11. Translate the following sentence into English, “Nolite timere mortem, mei discipuli.” DON’T FEAR DEATH, MY STUDENTS. The 2012 Yale Certamen Novice Level Final Round ! B1 Now translate this sentence, “Nonne frater bonas sorores amant?” DOSEN’T THE BROTHER LOVE HIS GOOD SISTERS? B2 Now translate this sentence into English, “Ubi in insula pirata praedam posuit?” WHERE ON THE ISLAND HAS THE PIRATE PLACED HIS TRESURE? 12. What father of Polites, Troilus and Hector was the King of Troy during the Trojan War? PRIAM B1 Who was Priam’s wife? HECUBA B2 What Trojan prince managed to escape his burning city and wandered throughout the Mediterranean, making one famous top in Carthage, before eventually settling in Italy. AENEAS 13. In terms of Roman life and culture, which of the following terms is unrelated to the rest: confarreatiō, ūsus, coemptio, mango? MANGO B1 What is a mango? A SLAVE-DEALER B2 What is a flammeum? BRIDAL VEIL 14. Translate into English: Senator consulibus pecuniam dat. THE SENATOR GIVES MONEY TO THE CONSULS. B1 Translate into English: Heri servi dona feminarum portaverunt. YESTERDAY THE SLAVES CARRIED THE GIFTS OF THE WOMEN. B2 Translate into English: dux hostem vincet gladio. THE GENERAL WILL COUNQUER HIS ENEMY WITH A SWORD. 15. What king of Epirus was hired by Tarentum to fight Rome in 280 BC? PYRRHUS B1 What was the kingdom of Pyrrhus? EPIRUS B2 What city hired Archidamas of Sparta, Alexander of Epirus, Cleonymus of Sparta, and Agathocles of Syracuse as mercenaries between 343 and 289 BC? TARENTUM 16. What use of the dative case can be found in the following sentence: Dux militi gladio dat? INDIRECT OBJECT B1 …:of the ablative puerī ex agro cucurrērunt? PLACE FROM WHICH B2 …: frāter nōbīscum advēnit. ACCOMPANIMENT The 2012 Yale Certamen Novice Level Final Round ! 17. Which of the following, if any, does NOT belong because of meaning: gladius, exsilium, ferrum, ensis. EXSILIUM B3 Which of the following, if any, does NOT belong because of meaning: fēlēs, lepus, vacca, hortus? HORTUS B4 Which of the following, if any, does NOT belong because of meaning: ignāvus, stultus, lātus, malus,? LĀTUS 18. What Calydonian king forgot to pay homage to Artemis, who sent a boar to ravage his kingdom as revenge? OENEUS B3 Who was Oeneus’ wife, who killed their son Meleager after he killed her brothers in a moment of rage? ALTHAEA B4 What daughter of Oeneus and Althaea married the hero Heracles? DEINEIRA 19. Translate this alliterative sentence into English: Piratae poetas prope pontem posuerunt. THE PIRATES PUT THE POETS NEAR THE BRIDGE. B1 Now try this one: Sed Scipio sapiens sub stellis sedebit. BUT WISE SCIPIO WILL SIT UNDER THE STARS. B2 And last but not least: Cicero circum Curiam cum Claudio currebat. CICERO WAS RUNNING AROUND THE SENATE-HOUSE WITH CLAUDIUS. 20. What river formed a 226 BC treaty boundary between Rome and Carthage? EBRO RIVER B1 What treaty was signed in 226 BC between Rome and Carthage? EBRO RIVER TREATY B2 What city north of the Ebro River did the Carthaginians in 220 BC, precipitating the Second Punic War? SAGUNTUM The 2012 Yale Certamen Intermediate Level Round 1 ! 1. What is the meaning of the Latin word “nux?” NUT B1 What is the meaning of the Latin word “nuper”? RECENTLY B2 What is the meaning of the Latin word “nīveus”? (SNOWY-)WHITE 2. What Roman emperor was swept into power by the victory of Antonius Primus at the Second Battle of Cremona at the conclusion of 69 A.D., the so-called “Year of the Four Emperors?” VESPASIAN B1 Vespasian assumed censorial powers in order to be able to directly nominate new senators. What is the term for this nomination process? ADLECTIO B2 Vespasian sent his son Titus to take over the siege of what city in 70 A.D.? JERUSALEM 3. What musician taught Heracles how to play the lyre? LINUS B1 What muse was the mother of Linus? CALLIOPE/URANIA B2 What son of Hermes taught Heracles how to wrestle? AUTOLYCUS 4. Translate the following sentence from Latin to English: “Omnibus Rōmānis crēdō, sed nullīs Graecīs.” I TRUST ALL ROMANS (ROMAN MEN), BUT NO GREEKS (GREEK MEN) B1 Translate into English: “Cui dabo meum librum?” (TO) WHOM SHALL I GIVE MY BOOK? B2 Translate into English: “Quibuscum venisti?” WITH WHOM DID YOU COME? 5. What god was the father of Aristaeus? APOLLO B1 What nymph was the mother of Aristaeus? CYRENE B2 What son of Aristaeus and Autonoe was turned into a deer and killed by his own dogs? ACTAEON 6. What derivative of the Latin word “panis,” meaning “bread,” refers to a “person or animal with whom one spends a lot of time, or with whom one travels”? COMPANION B1 What derivative of “panis” means “a small room or closet in which food, dishes, and utensils are kept”? PANTRY The 2012 Yale Certamen Intermediate Level Round 1 ! B2 What derivative of the adverb “paene” refers to “a piece of land almost surrounded by water”? PENINSULA 7. What second husband of Octavian’s daughter Julia defeated the forces of Marc Antony at the Battle of Actium in 31 B.C.? (MARCUS) AGRIPPA B1 When she was fourteen, Julia was been married off to what man, a descendent of a more famous namesake through his father? (M. CLAUDIUS) MARCELLUS B2 Augustus forced this second Julio-Claudian emperor to divorce his first wife and marry Julia. The marriage was not a happy one. TIBERIUS 8. Change the phrase fēlix dies to the genitive singular. FĒLICIS DIĒĪ B1 Change fēlicis diēī to the plural. FĒLICIUM DIĒRUM B2 Change fēlicium diērum to the ablative. FELICIBUS DIĒBUS 9. What was the name of Aeneas’ first wife, who escaped with him from Troy? CREUSA B1 Who were Creusa’s parents? PRIAM AND HECUBA B2 Whom did Aeneas take as his second wife once he reached Italy? LAVINIA 10. The Latin word “lux” is a popular word in college mottoes. Which college has “Lux Hominum Vita” as its motto? U OF NEW MEXICO B1 Which college has the motto “Lux Sit?” U OF WASHINGTON B2 What does “Lux Sit” mean in English? LET THERE BE LIGHT 11. Complete the following mythological analogy: Helios: Sol:: Selene: ________. LUNA B1 What lover of Selene was given eternal youth but had to sleep eternally? ENDYMION B2 What lover of Helios turned into a sunflower? CLYTIE The 2012 Yale Certamen Intermediate Level Round 1 ! 12. In the Roman military camp, there were four watches, or vigiliae, throughout the night. How long did each watch last? 3 HOURS B1 When did the first watch start and when did the last one end? 6 P.M.-6 A.M. B2 In Roman customs, the term vigilēs referred not only to these watchmen, but also to what other public servants? FIREFIGHTERS/POLICEMEN 13. Give the genitive singular of the phrase “urbs magna”. URBIS MAGNAE B1 Make “urbis magnae” plural. URBIUM MAGNARUM B2 Make “urbium magnarum” dative. URBIBUS MAGNIS 14. Translate the following sentence from Latin into English: “Puellae, semper amāte matrem vestram.” GIRLS, ALWAYS LOVE YOUR MOTHER B1 Translate into English: “Puellae nolī respondēre.” DON’T RESPOND TO THE GIRL (do NOT accept “Don’t respond, girls!”) B2 Translate into English: “Saepe cum gladiō vīcī inimicum.” I HAVE OFTEN CONQUERED MY/THE ENEMY WITH A/THE SWORD 15. What Roman general defeated the forces of Carbo at the Colline gate in 82 B.C. and was declared dictator by the Senate soon afterwards? (L. CORNELIUS) SULLA (FELIX) B1 As a way of dispatching his perceived political opponents, Sulla posted what lists of people to execute, confiscating their property to pay his troops? PROSCRIPTIONS B2 Early in his career, Sulla had been quaestor to Marius in the war against what Numidian king? JUGURTHA 16. For the verb “clāmō,” give the 1st person plural, imperfect, active, indicative. CLAMABAMUS B1 Make “clāmabāmus” future. CLAMABIMUS B2 Make “clamabimus” singular. CLAMABO 17. Differentiate in meaning between the Latin verbs “canō” and “conor.” CANŌ – SING, CONOR – TRY, ATTEMPT The 2012 Yale Certamen Intermediate Level Round 1 ! B1 Give the meaning of the adjective “cānus.” WHITE, HOARY B2 Give the meaning of the noun “carrus.” CART, WAGON 18. On what island did Odysseus encounter the Phaeacians? SCHERIA B1 On what island did Odysseus encounter Circe? AEAEA B2 On what island did Helios pasture his cattle? THRINACIA 19. Translate into Latin, “We never wanted to live in Rome.” NUMQUAM VOLUIMUS/ VOLEBAMUS VIVERE ROMAE. B1 Translate into Latin, “The emperor does not wish that you flee to the countryside.” IMPERATOR NON VULT TE FUGERE RŪS B2 Translate into Latin, “My friend, don’t stay at home.” NOLĪ MANĒRE, MI AMICE, DOMĪ. 20. At what battle in 496 B.C. did the Romans defeat the forces of the Latin League? LAKE REGILLUS B1 What deposed former king of Rome supposedly goaded his son-in-law Mamilius into facing the Roman force at Lake Regillus? TARQUINIUS SUPERBUS B2 What treaty was signed three years later in 493 B.C. with the Latin League in order to ensure a common defense against invading mountain tribes? FOEDUS CASSIANUM The 2012 Yale Certamen Intermediate Level Round 2 ! 1. Who was known as “the ugliest Greek at Troy?” THERSITES B1 Why did Thersites mock Achilles after the death of Penthesileia? ACHILLES HAD FALLEN IN LOVE WITH HER CORPSE B2 In the Iliad, why did Thersites mock Agamemnon and advise the Greek soldiers to go home? AGAMEMNON HAD TAKEN BRISEIS FROM ACHILLES 2. In which ancient Roman province were the Roman towns of Viroconium, Mamucium, Deva, and Eburacum? BRITAIN B1 Which emperor’s temple was destroyed at Camulodunum during the rebellion of Boudicca? CLAUDIUS B2 What was the modern name of Camoludunum? COLCHESTER 3. Make the verb form “volō” future perfect. VOLUERIM B1 Make “voluerim” imperfect. VOLEBAM B2 Make “volebam” future. VOLAM 4. Translate the following sentence from Latin into English: “Quōmodo Caesar ōmnem Galliam superāvit?” HOW DID CAESAR CONQUER/OVERCOME ALL OF GAUL? B1 Translate the following sentence into English: “Scīsne linguam Latīnam legere?” DO YOU KNOW HOW TO READ (THE) LATIN (LANGUAGE)? B2 Translate the following sentence into English: “Numquam fīlius meus mēcum lūdit.” MY SON NEVER PLAYS WITH ME 5. At what battle of 275 B.C. were the armies of Pyrrhus forced to leave Italy, abandoning their Oscan allies? BENEVENTUM B1 What consul, the commander of the Roman force at Beneventum, successfully held off Pyrrhus’s attack until his consular colleague arrived? (M. CURIUS) DENTATUS B2 What earlier battle had Pyrrhus won in 280 BC upon his arrival in Italy? HERACLEA 6. What use of the ablative case is found in the following sentence? “Quam pulchrior ego Marcō sum!” COMPARISON The 2012 Yale Certamen Intermediate Level Round 2 ! B1 What use of the ablative case is found in the following sentence? “Duābus horīs Caesar advēniet.” TIME WITHIN WHICH B2 What use of the ablative case is found in the following sentence? “Mediā nocte hostem vincēmus.” TIME WHEN 7. Give an antonym of the Latin adjective “dives.” PAUPER/MACER/HUMILIS B3 Give an antonym of the Latin adjective “dīvus.” HUMILIS/MORTALIS B4 Give an antonym of the Latin adjective “dirus.” PLACIDUS/MITIS/TENER/DUCLIS/BONUS 8. What king killed Theseus by pushing him over a cliff? LYCOMEDES B1 What bandit did Theseus kill in a similar way, although the bandit was eaten by a turtle? SCEIRON B2 What hero did Lycomedes later help hide when Agamemnon was drafting men for the Trojan War? ACHILLES 9. Translate into Latin, “My wife is prettier than that woman.” MEA UXOR EST PULCHRIOR ILLĀ (FEMINĀ)/ QUAM ILLA (FEMINA). B1 Translate into Latin, “My wife is the prettiest woman alive.” MEA UXOR EST PULCHERRIMA FĒMINA VĪVA. B2 Translate into Latin, “I don’t want to hear about your wife.” NOLŌ AUDĪRE DĒ TUĀ UXORE. 10. What Gallic chieftain besieged the town of Clusium in 391 B.C., goading the Romans into a disastrous battle a year later on the banks of the Allia River? BRENNUS B1 According to Livy, while the Romans were besieged by the forces of Brennus on the Capitoline Hill, what warned them of an attempted night time assault by the Gauls? HERA’ SACRED GEESE B2 Also according to Livy, when the starving Romans protested the uneven scales used to weigh the 1000 pound gold ransom, Brennus threw his sword on the scales and uttered what phrase? “VAE VICTIS!” 11. What English derivative of the Latin word “grādus,” means “progressing slowly or by degrees?” GRADUAL The 2012 Yale Certamen Intermediate Level Round 2 ! B1 What derivative of “grādus” means “to successfully complete an academic degree or course of training?” GRADUATE B2 What derivative of “grādus” means “to treat or regard someone with contempt or disrespect?” DEGRADE 12. What general landed unopposed on the shores of Kent at the behest of several lesser British chieftains in 43 A.D? Aulus Plautius B1 What emperor ordered this invasion of Britain after the failed attempt of his predecessor? CLAUDIUS B2 What future emperor, a commander in A. Plautius’s army, marched westward along the channel, capturing important mining towns and ports? VESPASIAN 13. For the verb videō, give the perfect active infinitive. VĪDISSE B1 Change vīdisse to the passive. VĪSUM ESSE B2 Translate vīsum esse TO HAVE BEEN SEEN / TO HAVE SEEMED 14. Whose name in Greek means “swollen foot?” OEDIPUS B1 Whose name in Greek means “to the glory of Hera?” HERACLES B2 Whose name in Greek means “new soldier”? NEOPTOLEMUS 15. Cicero famously said, “Cedant arma togae.” What does this mean? LET ARMS YIELD TO THE TOGA B1 What state has “Cedant Arma Togae” as its motto? WYOMING B2 Speaking of states that begin with ‘W,’ what are the Latin and English for the motto of West Virginia? MONTANI SEMPER LIBERI, MOUNTAINEERS ARE ALWAYS FREE 16. Which of the following Latin words does not belong by meaning: manus, tergum, scutum, supercilium. SCUTUM B1 What is the meaning of “scutum?” SHIELD The 2012 Yale Certamen Intermediate Level Round 2 ! B2 As may be obvious, the Latin word “supercilium” is a compound of two Latin words. Give the meaning of both “supercilium” and “cilium.” SUPERCILIUM – EYEBROW, CILIUM - EYELID 17. What emperor ignored a plot against his life by M. Calpurnius Crassus and set a new precedent for succession in 97 A.D. by adopting Trajan to succeed him? NERVA B1 Near the end of his reign, Trajan sacked what capital of the Parthian Empire? CTESIPHON B2 Trajan’s Column commemorates his military success against what people led by Decebalus? DACIANS 18. Whose form did Athena take in order to trick Hector in his one-on-one battle with Achilles? DEIPHOBUS B1 What wife of Deiphobus betrayed him to Menelaus and Odysseus during the fall of Troy? HELEN B2 What brother of Deiphobus also vied for Helen’s hand after the death of Paris? HELENUS 19. Translate the following sentence from Latin to English: “Pater meus laetē mē sālūtāvit.” MY FATHER HAPPILY GREETED/SALUTED ME. B1 Translate into English: “Cras ego familiām meām relinquam.” TOMORROW I WILL LEAVE MY FAMILY B2 Translate into English: “Quis scit consilia deorum?” WHO KNOWS THE PLANS OF THE GODS? 20. As referenced in an earlier question, Circe lived on the island of Aeaea. What brother of Circe lived with his daughter Medea in the similarly named city of Aea? AEETES B1 What sister of Aeetes married Minos and lived in Knossos on Crete? PASIPHAE B2 What god was the father of Aeetes, Circe, and Pasiphae? HELIUS The 2012 Yale Certamen Intermediate Level Round 3 ! 1. Why was Ixion punished in the Underworld? HE TRIED TO SEDUCE HERA/JUNO B1 What was the name of the cloud woman whom Zeus placed in Ixion’s bed in order to test him? NEPHELE B2 Ixion’s children were as abominable as he was. What race of creatures were said to be the descendants of Ixion? CENTAURS 2. What was the job of the praefectus annonae? MANAGEMENT OF THE GRAIN SUPPLY B1 What was the job of the praefectus fabrum? IN CHARGE OF ENGINEERS B2 What commodity did the emperor Septimius Severus add to the annona? OLIVE OIL 3. What use of the dative case is found in this sentence? “Mihi est glōria et honor.” POSESSION B1 What use of the dative case is found in this sentence? “Dēfessus nunc mihi videor.” RFERENCE B2 What is the name for the construction which uses both a dative of reference and a dative of purpose? DOUBLE DATIVE 4. Translate into English: “Quāre imperātor hīc adest?” WHY IS THE EMPEROR HERE? B1 Translate into English: “Nūmquam tibi illud dicam.” I SHALL NEVER SAY THAT (THING) TO YOU B2 Translate into English: “Fuistine inimīcus Caesāri?” WERE YOU CAESAR’S ENEMY/AN ENEMY TO CAESAR? 5. What king of Pontus did the Roman general L. Licinius Lucullus defeat at the Battle of Cabira in 71 B.C.? MITHRIDATES VI B1 The so-called “Third Mithridatic War” was sparked when what kingdom was bequeathed to Rome upon the death of King Nicomedes IV? BITHYNIA B2 After his victories in Pontus, Lucullus was tasked with fighting what Armenian ruler, whom he defeated with an inferior force? TIGRANES 6. What derivative of a Latin word meaning “crown” refers to the arteries which supply the human heart with blood? CORONARY The 2012 Yale Certamen Intermediate Level Round 3 ! B1 What derivative of a Latin word meaning “lung” means “pertaining or relevant to the lungs”? PULMONARY B2 What derivative of a Latin word meaning “finger” refers to “relating to or using information represented by discrete values”? DIGITAL 7. What leader of the Averni Gauls did Caesar decisively defeat at the battle of Alesia in 52 B.C.? VERCINGETORIX B1 At what battle that same year did Vercingetorix hand Caesar one of the only two military defeats of his career? GERGOVIA B2 Caesar’s other military defeat was at the hands of Pompey. At what site, next to Pharsalus, did this skirmish occur in 48 B.C.? DYRACCHIUM 8. What literary device is found in the following sentence? “Ferox lēo est amicus meus nomine Marcus.” METAPHOR B1 What literary device is found in this sentence? “Virtūs eius est tam splendida quam urbs Romāna.” HYPERBOLE B2 What literary device is found in this sentence? “Atque ad ālta semper āscendet virtūs illa magnifica?” ALLITERATION 9. What was the name of the North African king who gave Dido as much land as she could encompass in the hide of an ox? IARBAS B3 How did Dido encompass enough land to create the outline of a citadel? SHE CUT THE HIDE INTO VERY THIN STRIPS AND TIED THEM END-TO-END B4 What was the name of this citadel, which according to the Greeks was named after the ox hide? BYRSA 10. If you are here without a parent and get hurt, what Latin phrase explains the legal authority your teacher is acting under? IN LOCŌ PARENTIS B1 If you were to bribe me (the moderator) with cash in exchange for points, what legal term could be used for that even exchange? QUID PRO QUO The 2012 Yale Certamen Intermediate Level Round 3 ! B2 Assuming I got caught accepting your bribe, what would it mean if I were to tell the judge, ‘Errare est humanum.’ TO ERR IS HUMAN 11. Give a Latin adjective that means “swift”. CELER/ALACER/VELOX/VOLUCRIS/CITUS B1 Besides “swift,” what else can the Latin adjective “volucris” mean? WINGED/ABLE TO FLY B2 What is the mean of volucris when it functions as a noun? BIRD 12. During the early years of his reign, what emperor was tutored by his Praetorian Prefect Burrus and Seneca the Younger? NERO B1 Nero’s early reign was relatively quiet under the tutelage of these two men except for the murder of what woman, Nero’s mother and Claudius’s fourth wife? AGRIPPINA THE YOUNGER B2 After the death of Burrus, what man replaced him as Nero’s Praetorian Prefect? (OFONIUS) TIGELLINUS 13. What king of Troy broke his word with two gods and a hero? LAOMEDON B1 The two gods that Laomedon broke his word with were Apollo and Poseidon. What punishment did each god inflict on the hapless citizens of Troy? APOLLO SENT A PLAGUE, POSEIDON SENT A SEA MONSTER B2 Laomedon apparently did not learn from his mistakes and later broke a promise he made to Heracles. What did Heracles do to gain revenge? SACKED TROY (AND KILLED LAOMEDON) 14. Translate into English: “Imperātor dīcit mīlitēs Rōmānōs altissimōs esse.” THE GENERAL/EMPEROR SAYS THAT ROMAN SOLDIERS ARE VERY TALL/THE TALLEST B1 Translate into English: “Nōs ipsōs benē scimus.” WE KNOW OURSELVES WELL B2 Translate into English: “Quam terrībilis Hannibal est!” HOW TERRIBLE IS HANNIBAL! 15. What Roman goddess of fruit trees rejected all suitors and shut herself in her orchard? POMONA B1 What suitor eventually convinced Pomona to marry him? VERTUMNUS B2 What disguise did Vertumnus adopt in order to gain Pomona’s trust and convince her to marry him? AN OLD WOMAN The 2012 Yale Certamen Intermediate Level Round 3 ! 16. Complete the following grammatical analogy: volō: vīs :: malō : MAVĪS B1 ...amō: amāvistī :: videō : VĪDISTĪ B2 ...spectō: spectāvit :: sequor SECUTUS EST 17. Translate into Latin, “Caesar sent his soldiers as help for the citizens.” CAESAR MILITES (SUOS) MISIT AUXILIŌ CIVIBUS. B1 What is the case and use of “auxiliō” in that sentence? DATIVE OF PURPOSE B2 Now, without using a pronoun, translate, “Caesar’s generals are watching the soldiers who are walking into the city.” DUCĒS CAESARIS SPECTANT MILITĒS AMBULANTĒS IN URBEM. 18. What follower of Artemis had a child by Zeus named Arcas? CALLISTO B1 What guise did Zeus adopt when he seduced Callisto? ARTEMIS B2 Who eventually killed Callisto? ARCAS OR ARTEMIS 19. Differentiate in meaning between “vexō” and “vetō.” VEXŌ – TO ANNOY, VETŌ – TO FORBID B1 Differentiate in meaning between “vetustus” and “venustus.” VETUSTUS – OLD, VENUSTUS - CHARMING B2 Differentiate in meaning between “vīs” and “vix.” VĪS – FORCE, VIX - SCARCELY 20. What defensive structure, built in the period of 122-127 AD, stretched from the Solway Firth to the eastern edge of the Tyne River? HADRIAN’S WALL B1 What other emperor built a wall north of Hadrian’s between the Firth of Forth and the Firth of Clyde? ANTONINUS PIUS B2 Hadrian’s Wall represented an abandonment of the territorial gains made by what general in Britain during the period of 77-85 AD? (GNAEUS IULIUS) AGRICOLA The 2012 Yale Certamen Intermediate Level Semifinal Round ! 1. Quid Anglicē significat, “miror?” TO WONDER AT B1 Quid Anglicē significat, “maior?” GREATER B2 Quid Anglicē significat, “mandō, mandere?” TO CHEW 2. At what battle in the spring of 255 BC near modern-day Tunis was the Roman commander Regulus defeated and taken captive by the Carthaginians? BAGRADAS VALLEY B1 What Spartan mercenary was in charge of the Carthaginian forces at Bagradas Valley? XANTHIPPUS B2 After several setbacks to the Roman fleet, what admiral was able to strike the decisive blow to the Carthaginian fleet in Sicily at Aegates Islands, forcing Carthage to capitulate and ending the First Punic War? (GAIUS LUTATIUS) CATULUS 3. What bronze giant guarded the island of Crete until Medea killed him? TALUS B1 Talus was originally charged with guarding what lover of Zeus? EUROPA B2 What was the name of the hound that could catch anything which was also given as a present to Europa? LAELAPS 4. Translate the following sentence from Latin into English: “Vidēbāmus agricolās in agrō laborāntēs.” WE SAW (THE) FARMERS LABORING IN THE FIELD B1 Translate the following sentence into English: “Pirātās rapturi sumus.” WE ARE ABOUT TO CAPTURE/WE WILL CAPTURE (THE) PIRATES B2 Translate the following sentence into English: “Audientēs oratorem, vīdimus prīncipem.” (WHILE) (WE WERE) HEARING THE ORATOR, WE SAW THE PRINCE/EMPEROR. 5. What goddess did Hera send down to prevent the birth of Heracles? EILEITHYIA B1 What attendant of Alcmene tricked Eileithyia into allowing Alcmene to give birth? GALANTHIS B2 Into what did Eileithyia change Galanthis? A WEASEL 6. What sea nymph was the mother of Polyphemus? THOOSA The 2012 Yale Certamen Intermediate Level Semifinal Round ! B1 Polyphemus fell in love with the sea nymph Galatea. However Galatea was in love with what young man? ACIS B2 Polyphemus found out about Acis and Galatea and killed Acis by throwing the top of a mountain on him. Into what was Acis transformed? A RIVER GOD 7. What term was used to describe the marriage that occurred between members of the patrician class? CONFARREATIO B1 What term described the most ancient form of marriage between the free non-citizens, or plebeians? ŪSUS B2 What term described the form of marriage among plebeians that involved a fictitious sale of the bride? CŌEMPTIŌ 8. Which of the following nouns, if any, does NOT belong by gender: vulnus, castra, praemium, scrība? SCRĪBA B1 Which of these verbs, if any, does not belong by conjugation: aestimō, cantō, pulsō, ambulō? THEY ARE ALL THE SAME CONJUGATION B2 Which of these prepositions, if any, does not belong grammatically: sine, extra, per, ad? SINE 9. Translate the following sentence into English: “Nūmquam Caesar senātōribus parēbit.” CAESAR WILL NEVER OBEY THE SENATORS B1 Now translate this sentence into English: “Senātōrēs Caesāri invident.” THE SENATORS ARE JEALOUS OF CAESAR B2 Now translate this sentence into English: “Eheu, nihil invidiā peius est.” ALAS, NOTHING IS WORSE THAN JEALOUSY. 10. What law of 287 BC made the laws passed by plebeian assemblies binding on patricians? LEX HORTENSIA B1 Q. Hortensius had been appointed as dictator after the plebeians had marched to what hill across the Tiber and threatened to secede? JANICULUM B2 What law, passed after an earlier plebeian secession in 445 BC, allowed intermarriage between patricians and plebeians? LEX CANULEIA The 2012 Yale Certamen Intermediate Level Semifinal Round ! 11. What hero, by some accounts, was the son of Eurynome and Glaucus and the grandson of Sisyphus? BELLEROPHON/HIPPONOUS B1 Glaucus was renowned for his racing horses. What did Glaucus do to give them the competitive edge? FED THEM HUMAN FLESH B2 What god was normally said to be the father of Bellerophon? POSEIDON 12. At what battle of 45 BC did Caesar defeat the sons of Pompey in Spain? MUNDA B3 What former lieutenant of Caesar in Gaul, who had distinguished himself in that conflict before defecting to Pompey’s forces, died at the battle of Munda? (TITUS) LABIENUS B4 What other Pompeian committed suicide at Utica after the Battle of Thapsus in order to deny Caesar the ability to pardon him? CATO UTICENSIS/THE YOUNGER 13. Give the genitive singular of the phrase “ille homo.” ILLIUS HOMINIS B1 Give the dative singular of the phrase “hic homo”. HUIC HOMINI B2 Give the ablative singular of the phrase “hic virgo”. HĀC VIRGINE 14. In the sentence, “The messenger was ordered to run for five miles on the first day,” translate, “for five miles.” QUINQUE MILIA PASUUM B1 Now translate, “Within the first year, six of the messengers had been killed.” PRIMŌ ANNŌ, SEX Ē NUNTIĪS NECATĪ ERANT. B2 Now translate, “At last, all of the messengers have been buried.” TANDEM, OMNĒS NUNTIĪ SEPULTĪ SUNT. 15. The Latin verb form “crevī” can be understood as the third principle part of what two Latin verbs? CRESCŌ AND CERNŌ B1 Which of the following verbs does not belong by formation of the third principle part: tangō, pandō, canō, pellō? PANDŌ B2 “Lavō,” the Latin verb meaning “to wash,” is a first conjugation verb that does not follow the standard pattern of first conjugation principle parts. Its third principle part is “lavī.” Give a form of the fourth principle part besides “lavātus.” LAUTUS/LOTUS The 2012 Yale Certamen Intermediate Level Semifinal Round ! 16. What derivative of the Latin verb “rego,” meaning “to rule,” refers to “a person appointed to administer a country because the monarch is a minor or is absent or incapacitated”? REGENT B1 What derivative of “rego” refers to “a permanent unit of an army, typically commanded by a colonel and divided into several companies, squadrons, or batteries?” REGIMENT B2 What derivative of “rego” refers to “a prescribed course of medical treatment, way of life, or diet for the promotion or restoration of health”? REGIMEN 17. What emperor co-ruled with Marcus Aurelius until his death upon returning from a campaign in 169 AD? LUCIUS VERUS B1 Possibly after an erroneous report of the death of Marcus Aurelius, this talented general was declared emperor in 175 AD but was murdered by his troops before the rebellion could progress? AVIDIUS CASSIUS B2 Upon his actual death in 180 AD, Marcus Aurelius broke the precedent set by the rest of the Five Good Emperors by naming what son of his as his heir? COMMODUS 18. What use of the accusative case is found in the following sentence? “Multās horās in fōrō manēbimus.” DURATION / EXTENT OF TME B1 What use of the genitive is found in this sentence? “Amor pecuniae nōs ōmnēs cēpit.” OBJECTIVE B2 What use of the genitive is found in this sentence? “Ille est vir maximae virtūtis.” QUALITY/DESCRIPTION 19. Into what was the Thracian king Tereus changed after he tried to kill his wife Procne and her sister Philomela? HOOPOE B1 Into what was Procne changed? NIGHTINGALE/SWALLOW B2 Into what was Philomela changed? SWALLOW/NIGHTINGALE 20. Which two states have Latin mottoes that begin with the words for “sword” and “shield?” MASSACHUSETS AND MARYLAND B1 Give the Latin motto of Massachusetts. ENSE PETIT PLACIDAM SUB LIBERTATE QUIETAM B2 Give the Latin motto of Maryland. SCUTO BONAE VOLUNTATIS TUAE CORONASTI NOS The 2012 Yale Certamen Intermediate Level Final Round ! 1. Which of the Seven Against Thebes was the son of Atalanta? PARTHENOPAEUS B1 What god was sometimes said to be the father of Parthenopaeus? ARES B2 What son of Heracles and Auge, more famous for being wounded and then healed by Achilles, was exposed with Parthenopaeus and became his close friend? TELEPHUS 2. What consul for the year 63 BC exposed Catiline’s plot to the Senate in a series of speeches, causing the Senate to declare Catiline an enemy of the state? (MARCUS TULLIUS) CICERO B1 At what battle in 62 BC were the forces of Catiline defeated by a force under M. Petreius in Tuscany? PISTORIA B2 Although his plan ultimately failed, causing letters of their correspondence to be intercepted at the Mulvian Bridge, what Gallic tribe did Catiline attempt to involve in his conspiracy? THE ALLOBROGES 3. Using only two words, say in Latin, “in beautiful Rome.” ROMAE PULCHRAE B1 Say in Latin, “to great Sicily.” AD MAGNAM SICILIAM B2 Say in Latin, “I had run.” CUCURRERAM 4. The Dark Knight Returns! Using the Latin word Batman, Batminis to mean “Batman,” say in Latin, “Batman came to this city with the strength of a god.” BATMAN VĒNIT AD HANC URBEM (CUM) FORTITUDINE/VIRIBUS DEĪ. B1 Now, using the Latin word Banus, Banī to mean the character Bane, say in Latin, “But Bane, the greatest enemy of Batman, was prepared.” SED BANUS, HOSTIS MAXIMUS BATMANIS, PARATUS EST/ERAT/FUIT. B2 Finally, using the Latin word chele, chelis, f. to mean “trigger,” and using your best Batman voice, say in Latin, “Bane, where is the trigger?” BANE, UBI EST CHELE? 5. Give an antonym of the Latin verb “emō.” VENDO B1 Give an antonym of the Latin verb “amō.” ODĪ B2 What is the meaning of the Latin noun “avus?” GRANDFATHER, ANCESTOR The 2012 Yale Certamen Intermediate Level Final Round ! 6. What was the collective name of Enyo, Pemphredo, and Deino? THE GRAIAI B1 Who were the parents of the Graiai? PHORCYS AND CETO B2 What sister of the Graiai was killed by Argus Panoptes? ECHIDNA 7. What fraction of a Roman legion was a cohort? TENTH B1 How many men were in a cohort? 360 B2 What is the name given to the unit of men that made up a third of each cohort? MANIPLE/MANIPULUS 8. What use of the ablative case is found in the following sentence? “Romulō rege, urbs Romāna flōrēbāt.” ABSOLUTE B1 What use of the ablative case is found in this sentence? “Multā pecuniā ēī persuāsimus.” MEANS B2 What use of the ablative case is found in this sentence? “Magnō gaudiō amīcum nostrum rēcipimus.” MANNER 9. Translate the following sentence from Latin into English: “Tota in urbe nihil maioris pulchritudinis invenies.” YOU WILL FIND NOTHING OF GREATER BEAUTY IN THE ENTIRE CITY B1 Translate the following sentence from Latin into English: “Sic latus est Claudius mediam per domum.” THUS CLAUDIUS WAS CARRIED THROUGH THE MIDDLE OF THE HOUSE. B2 Translate the following sentence from Latin into English: “Iverant latrones in culinam?” HAD THE ROBBERS GONE INTO THE HOUSE? 10. What Roman emperor added the provinces of Armenia, Assyria, and Mesopotamia which were subsequently abandoned by his successor, Hadrian? TRAJAN B1 What emperor added the provinces of Mauretania Tingitana and Mauretania Caesariensis, as well as Noricum and Thrace? CLAUDIUS B2 What emperor added the provinces of Baetica and Rhaetia? AUGUSTUS The 2012 Yale Certamen Intermediate Level Final Round ! 11. What king of Pylos was father of Nestor? NELEUS B1 What brother of Nestor was able to change shape and sailed with the Argonauts? PERICLYMENUS B2 What daughter of Amphion and Niobe was the mother of Nestor? CHLORIS 12. Give a Latin verb that means “to fail.” DEFICIO/FALLO/DESUM B1 Give a Latin verb that means “lack.” CAREO/EGEO B2 Give a Latin verb that means “destroy.” RUO/PERDO/TOLLO 13. Who, in the period of 131-134 AD, led a Jewish revolt against Roman rule? (SIMON) BAR-COCHBA B1 What general quelled the Bar-Cochba revolt by starving out each district in the region in succession? (IULIUS) SEVERUS B2 The Bar-Cochba revolt was started, in part, when the Romans attempted to found this colony at the site of Jerusalem? AELIA CAPITOLINA 14. Translate the following sentence from Latin into English: “Quibus sunt hi stupidi servi?” WHOSE ARE THESE STUPID SLAVES? B1 Translate into English: “Cuius hominis amor eam ceperat”? LOVE OF WHAT MAN HAD SEIZED HER? B2 Translate into English: “Cui bono hoc crimen fuit?” FOR WHOSE GOOD WAS THIS CRIME?/WHOSE INTERESTS DID THIS CRIME FURTHER? 15. Besides Pegasus, what other being sprang from the neck of Medusa after she was killed by Perseus? CHRYSAOR B1 What Oceanid did Chrysaor sire at least one son with? CALLIRRHOE B2 Who was this monstrous son, most famous for having a herd of cattle guarded by Eurytion? GERYON 16. Which of the following words is NOT derived from Latin? Respect, Skeptic, Species, Prospectus. SKEPTIC The 2012 Yale Certamen Intermediate Level Final Round ! B1 What is the meaning of the Latin noun at the root of “respect,” “species,” and “prospectus”? SIGHT, APPEARANCE, SHOW, BEAUTY B2 What derivative of that same Latin noun means “wary and unwilling to take risks?” CIRCUMSPECT 17. What title did Domitian assume that reflected his autocratic tendencies? DOMINUS ET DEUS B1 What practice resulted in Domitian’s name being removed from all public accounts after his death? DAMNATIO MEMORIAE B2 Domitian began the Forum Transitorium which was finished by which later emperor? NERVA 18. Letter-writing is becoming a dying art with the surging popularity of text messages. If someone writes you a letter that has the abbreviation P.S. at the bottom, what does it mean? POST SCRIPTUM/ AFTER THE WRITING B1 A pet peeve of all Latin teachers is when people misuse the abbreviations i.e. and e.g. For both of your boni (5 points each), please give the Latin and English of both i.e. and e.g. ID EST/ THAT IS EXEMPLI GRATIA/FOR EXAMPLE 19. Identify the use of the dative case in the following sentence: Est mihi fīdēlis canis POSSESSION B2 Translate that sentence. I HAVE A FAITHFUL DOG B3 Say in Latin, using the dative case, "I have a good friend." MIHI BONUS AMĪCUS EST 20. Who taught the riddle to the sphinx? THE MUSES B1 What Muse was the mother of the Thracian king, Rhesus? CALLIOPE/EUTERPE B2 What Muse was the mother of Apollo’s lover, Hyacinthus? CLEIO The 2012 Yale Certamen Advanced Level Round 1 ! 1. Bandy-legged, club-footed, shoulders humped together, a caved-in chest and a skull warped to a point with clumps of scraggly, wooly hair. This is Homer’s description in Book II of the Iliad of what common soldier who is despised by Achilles and thoroughly beaten by Odysseus after taunting Agamemnon? THERSITES B1 In the beginning of Book II of the Iliad, Zeus sent a false dream to Agamemnon to urge him to attack Troy. In what familiar advisor’s guise did this dream appear to Agamemnon? NESTOR’S B2 What did Agamemnon foolishly say to his assembled army to test the resolve of the soldiers for combat? HE PRETENDED TO URGE THEM TO GIVE UP / GO HOME / THEY WILL NEVER TAKE TROY / ETC. 2. With what aspect of Roman life are the terms ustrīna, designator, and columbarium all associated? DEATH / FUNERALS B1 What was a designator? UNDERTAKER B2 Give another Latin word for an undertaker. LIBITINĀRIUS 3. For the verb eō, give the 3rd person plural, present, active, subjunctive. EANT B1 Change eant to the imperfect. ĪRENT B2 Change īrent to the pluperfect. ĪVISSENT 4. Translate the following sentence into English: Omnēs mīlitēs pugnāvērunt servātum consulem. ALL OF THE SOLDIERS FOUGHT TO SAVE THE CONSUL B1 Translate this sentence: Consul hostibus nōn capiendus est. THE CONSUL MUST NOT BE CAPTURED BY THE ENEMY B2 Identify the use of the dative case in the previous sentence. AGENT 5. What kind of fābulae were Gladiolus, Pancratiestes, Guminasticus, and Caupuncula? (FABULAE) PALLIATAE B1 To whom are Pancratiastes and Caupuncula attributed? This man was considered the father of Roman poetry. (QUINTUS) ENNIUS B2 Name the authors who wrote the remaining works in the toss-up. GLADIOLUS – L. ANDRONICUS; GUMINASTICUS – Cn. GNAEVIUS The 2012 Yale Certamen Advanced Level Round 1 ! 6. What sister of Orithyia was loved at different times by both Minos and Cephalus? PROCRIS B1 According to both Ovid and Hyginus’ Fabulae, who gave Procris a gift of a special hunting dog that she in turn gave to her husband Cephalus? DIANA B2 What was the Latin word for “breeze” that Cephalus often spoke as he tried to cool off after hunting that was misunderstood by Procris to be the name of a rival nymph? AURA 7. According to the Fasti, where was a Roman army under the command of Lucius Minucius trapped by an army of Aequi in 458 B.C? MT.ALGIDUS B1 What Roman dictator was responsible for rescuing Minucius and his army? CINCINNATUS B2 What is the meaning of the name Cincinnatus? CURLY HAIRED 8. Quid Anglicē significat “nēquīquam”? IN VAIN B1 Quid Anglicē significat “intereā”? MEANWHILE B2 Quid Anglicē significat “frustrā”? IN VAIN 9. What use of the dative case can be seen in the following sentence: Nihil mihi obstat? SPECIAL/COMPOUND VERBS B1 What use of the dative case can be seen in the following phrase: puer patrī nōn dissimilis? SPECIAL ADJECTIVES B2 Besides alliteration, what rhetorical device is found in that phrase? LITOTES 10. What Latin author had to come up with new Latin words to explain the movements of atoms in his work on nature based largely on Epicurus? LUCRETIUS B1 What goddess does Lucretius invoke in book 1 of his De Rerum Natura? VENUS B2 To whom does Lucretius address his De Rerum Natura? C. MEMMIUS The 2012 Yale Certamen Advanced Level Round 1 ! 11. From what Latin adjective do we derive both "couple" and "aptitude"? APTUS B1 From what Latin adjective do we derive "farm"? FIRMUS B2 From what Latin adjective do we derive "facetious"? FACETUS 12. What city of Southern Italy did the Samnites occupy in 327 B.C, setting off the Second Samnite War? NAPLES (NEAPOLIS) B1 Where in 315 B.C did the Samnites decisively defeat a Roman army led by Fabius Rullianus? LAUTULAE B2 Where did Rullianus later redeem himself by defeating an army of Etruscans in 310 B.C? LAKE VADIMO 13. Say in Latin: "Let us walk very quickly." CELERRIMĒ AMBULĒMUS B1 Say in Latin, using the imperfect subjunctive: "If only I were king." UTINAM ESSEM REX B2 Say in Latin, using the subjunctive mood: "What should we do?" QUID AGERĒMUS / FACERĒMUS? 14. What warrior in Vergil’s Aeneid is, in a sense, undone by Messapus when the latter’s helmet, taken as plunder, glints in the moonlight and catches the attention of the enemy cavalry? EURYALUS B1 What commander of this Latin cavalry killed Euryalus but was himself killed by Nisus? VOLCENS B2 In what earlier context did Nisus help his young comrade Euryalus overcome an opponent named Salius? FOOTRACE AT THE FUNERAL GAMES OF ANCHISES 15. A description of the return of a golden age under the guidance of Pollio can be found in what author’s fourth eclogue? VERGIL’S B1 Give Vergil’s full name. PUBLIUS VERGILIUS MARO B2 The Georgics, another famous work of Vergil, was written at the request of what man, Vergil’s literary patron? (GAIUS) MAECENAS The 2012 Yale Certamen Advanced Level Round 1 ! 16. Listen carefully to the following passage from Ovid’s description of Niobe, which I shall read twice, and answer in ENGLISH the question that follows. Nullōs movet aura capillōs, in vultū color est sine sanguine, lūmina maestīs stant immōta genīs, nihil est in imāgine vīvum. (Repeat.) The question: What color is Niobe’s face? WHITE / PALE / BLOODLESS B1 What does the breeze do to her hair? NOTHING B2 Besides hair and face, what body part is mentioned in the passage? CHEEKS 17. Who changed the name of the infant son of Lycurgus to Archemorus after he was killed by a snake as an omen of what was to come on the doomed expedition against Thebes? AMPHIARAUS B1 Which of the Panhellenic games grew out of the athletic contests held by the Seven Against Thebes in the child’s honor? NEMEAN B2 What instruction had Amphiaraus left with his sons before he left on the expedition against Thebes, from which he knew he would not return? TO AVENGE HIS DEATH ON THEIR MOTHER (ERIPHYLE) 18. What Roman commander, a native of Syria, had himself proclaimed emperor in 175 A.D on the false rumor that Marcus Aurelius had died? AVIDIUS CASSIUS B1 Unfortunately for Avidius Cassius, Marcus Aurelius was alive and well at the time. Name one of the two Germanic tribes that Marcus Aurelius was then fighting? QUADI / IAZYGES B2 How did Avidius Cassius die? HE WAS ASSASINATD BY HIS OWN TROOPS 19. What use of the subjunctive follows phrases such as Nēmō erat and Quis est quī? RELATIVE CLAUSE OF CHARACTERISTIC B1 What use of the subjunctive follows verbs such as accidit and contingit? SUBSTANTIVE CLAUSE OF RESULT B2 Translate this sentence into English: Quis est cui certāmen nōn placeat? WHO IS THERE WHOM CERTAMEN DOES NOT PLEASE? 20. Complete the following analogy: Sulmo : Ovid :: Assisium : . PROPERTIUS B1 Propertius : Hostia :: Tibullus : . PLANIA (NOT Delia) B2 By what names do Propertius and Tibullus refer to their loves, Hostia and Plania, in their works? CYNTHIA and DELIA (respectively) The 2012 Yale Certamen Advanced Level Round 2 ! 1. Which of the following, if any, is NOT derived from the same Latin root as the others: "abdicate", "diction", "ditty", "edition". ABDICATE B1 From what Latin verb, with what meaning, is "abdicate" derived? DICŌ (DICĀRE) - TO DEDICATE B2 From what Latin verb, with what meaning, are the other three words derived? DĪCŌ – SAY 2. Who speaks the following prayer to Night, Hecate, and the Moon in Book VII of Ovid’s Metamorphoses? “Now I must have a potion to renew / old age, restoring it to youthful bloom. / And you will give me one, for not in vain / do the stars above me flicker their assent, / and not in vain does my chariot appear, / drawn by its matched pair of flying dragons.” MEDEA B1 Whose body was renewed by this potion of Medea? AESON’S B2 Which god observed Medea’s rejuvenation of Aeson and at once obtained the potion from Medea to use on his aged nurses? BACCHUS 3. Translate the following sentence into Latin using the dative case: "We were a help to the king." AUXILIŌ REGĪ ERAMUS B1 Identify the two uses of the dative case in that sentence? PURPOSE & REFERENCE B2 Using the dative case, say in Latin, "We must work well." NOBĪS BENE LABORĀNDUM EST 4. Tradition states that Mark Antony first met Cleopatra upon arriving in the East in 41 B.C. At what city did this meeting take place? TARSUS B1 Of what region was Tarsus the capitol? CILICIA B2 In what year did Mark Antony marry Cleopatra? 37 B.C. 5. What Latin author detested a certain emperor of the first century A.D., but wrote a work praising a contemporary general under that emperor, his own father-in-law, Agricola? TACITUS B3 What two works of Tacitus covered the period from Tiberius’ death through the end of Domitian’s reign? HISTORIAE and ANNALES B4 What work did Tacitus write on rhetoric, although his authorship is disputed? DIALOGUS DE ORATORIBUS The 2012 Yale Certamen Advanced Level Round 2 ! 6. Listen carefully to the following passage, which I shall read twice, and answer in ENGLISH the question that follows. Pater deōrum hominumque in quōdam hortō ambulābat in mediō diē ut pulchrās fēminās invenīret. Sed mane famulus fossam foderat. Erat saxum obvium Iovī, quī cecidit in fossam. (Repeat.) The question: What happened to Jupiter in the garden? HE FELL INTO A DITCH B1 Why did Jupiter fall in the well? HE TRIPPED OVER A ROCK/ THERE WAS A ROCK IN HIS WAY B2 Why had Jupiter been walking in the garden? TO FIND BEAUTIFUL WOMEN 7. The present subjunctive is used in both the protasis and the apodosis of what type of conditional sentence? FUTURE LESS VIVID B1 What tense and mood would be used in the protasis of this sentence: “If you had disparaged the chocolate cake, I would have considered you not fit to live”? PLUPERFECT, SUBJUNCTIVE B2 What tense and mood would be used in the protasis of this sentence: “My brother will stop eating toast if the house burns down”? FUTURE (PERFECT), INDICATIVE 8. What Numidian chieftain allied himself with the Carthaginians against the Romans in 204 B.C? SYPHAX B1 Where did Scipio Africanus decisively defeat a combined force of Carthaginians, Celtiberian mercenaries, and Numidians loyal to Syphax in 204 B.C? THE BATTLE OF THE GREAT PLAINS (CAMPI MAGNI) B2 After the Battle of the Great Plains, Scipio Africanus captured Syphax’s capital city and expelled him from Numidia. Whom did he place on the Numidian throne instead? MASSINISSA 9. “Quiet, my fine friends. Here’s what I propose. / These goat sausages sizzling here in the fire— / we packed them with fat and blood to have for supper. / Now whoever wins this bout and proves the stronger, / let that man step up and take his pick of the lot! / What’s more, from this day he feasts among us— / no other beggar will we allow inside to cadge his meals from us!” Who speaks these lines to his fellow suitors in Book XVIII of the Odyssey? ANTINOUS B1 Who was the beggar against whom Antinous was pitting the disguised Odysseus? IRUS (NICKANME) / ARNAEUS (GIVEN NAME) The 2012 Yale Certamen Advanced Level Round 2 ! B2 Which suitor, a “man of good sense,” showed a kindlier disposition towards the beggarly Odysseus in this episode, bringing him loaves of bread after his victory and toasting to his continued luck, and receiving from Odysseus a de facto warning that he should leave before the erstwhile king returns to Ithaca? AMPHINOMUS 10. Julius Caesar is the subject of the first biography in what author’s Dē Vītā Caesārum? (GAIUS) SUETONIUS (TRANQUILLUS’) B1 What Roman emperor is given the last biography in this work? DOMITIAN B2 In what section of Suetonius’ larger work Dē Vīrīs Illustribus can one find the biographies of Horace, Persius, and Pliny the Elder? DĒ POETĪS 11. Who attempted to rape Merope but, in his drunken stupor, was blinded by her father, the king of Chios? ORION B1 What god helps Orion regain his eyesight? HELIOS B2 What was the name of Merope’s father? OENOPION 12. What emperor of the first century A.D was responsible for building an extensive new harbor at the city of Ostia? CLAUDIUS B1 Claudius undertook several projects of civil engineering, including a few projects that had been devised by Julius Caesar. What lake, located near the Liris Valley in southern Italy, did Claudius attempt unsuccessfully to drain over the course of eleven years? THE FUCINE LAKE B2 Claudius was also a noted historian. About what people of northern Italy is Claudius said to have written an expansive history? THE ETRUSCANS 13. Give a synonym of the Latin preposition ad. ERGĀ, VERSUS B1 Give a synonym of the Latin preposition sine. ABSQUE B2 Give a synonym of the Latin adverb ubique. PASSIM 14. What play of Plautus, in which Hanno prevents his daughters from being sold into prostitution, contains the only extant passages of the Carthaginian language? POENULUS The 2012 Yale Certamen Advanced Level Round 2 ! B1 What play of Plautus is the only one based on a mythological figure? AMPHITRYON B2 For what play of Plautus, in which Pyrgopolynices steals a courtesan, was he accused of contaminatio? MILES GLORIOSUS 15. Change the phrase idem gladiātor to the genitive singular. EIUSDEM GLADIĀTORIS B1 Change eiusdem gladiātoris to the plural. EŌRUNDEM GLADIĀTORUM B2 Change eōrundem gladiātorum to the ablative. EĪSDEM GLADIĀTORIBUS 16. What god has to batter back Diomedes three times in a row in order to protect the wounded Aeneas in Book V of Homer’s Iliad? APOLLO B1 To what goddesses did Apollo whisk Aeneas for healing? LETO, ARTEMIS B2 What goddess had earlier healed and comforted Aphrodite after she had been wounded by Diomedes? DIONE 17. What item, described as a gift-basket of various foods, was presented to a patron by his clients at the salutātiō? SPORTULA B1 Where in the house did the salutātiō occur? ĀTRIUM / TABLĪNUM B2 What name was given to the process by which the clients escorted the patron to the Forum? DEDUCTIŌ 18. Complete the following analogy. Amō is to amem as volō is to what? VELIM B1 Complete the following analogy. Volō is to vultis as nōlō is to what? NŌN VULTIS B2 Complete the following analogy. Amō is to amāris as ferō is to what? FERRIS 19. Translate the following sentence into English: Caesar scit suōs mīlitēs esse fortissimōs. CAESAR KNOWS THAT HIS SOLDIERS ARE THE BRAVEST / VERY BRAVE B1 Translate: Caesar petīvit cur hostēs tam timidī essent. CAESAR ASKED WHY THE ENEMIES WERE SO AFRAID B2 Translate: Caesar, cāve nē fias potentior. The 2012 Yale Certamen Advanced Level Round 2 ! CAESAR, DO NOT BECOME TOO POWERFUL 20. What Latin comic playwright, born at Carthage in 195 or 189 B.C., was a friend of Scipio Aemilianus and a member of his literary circle? (PUBLIUS) TERENTIUS/TERENCE (AFER) B1 Which of Terence’s plays is said to have been so unpopular at its premier that it was interrupted by a rope dancer? HECYRA B2 Which of Terence’s plays was premiered in 161 B.C. and is considered to have been his most popular? EUNUCHUS The 2012 Yale Certamen Advanced Level Round 3 ! 1. Listen carefully to the following passage, loosely adapted from Phaedrus, which I shall read twice, and answer in ENGLISH the question that follows. Ad rīvum eundem lūpus et agnus vēnerant, sitī compulsī. Lūpō bibente, agnus in rīvum saluit. “Cūr,” inquit lūpus, “turbulentam fēcistī aquam mihi bibentī?” “Quod,” agnus inquit, “tē ōdī.” (Repeat.) The question: Why did the wolf and the lamb come to the river? THEY WERE THIRSTY B1 Why was the wolf angry with the lamb? HE JUMPED INTO THE RIVER WHILE HE WAS DRINKING/ HE MADE THE WATER MUDDY B2 Why did the lamb muddy the water? HE HATED THE WOLF 2. In Cicero’s Pro Caelio, what woman does he attack in order to defend his client against charges that he had tried to poison her? CLODIA B1 What speech of Cicero, also given in 56 B.C., is one of two speeches in which he actually supports Caesar’s campaign in Gaul? DE PROVINCIIS CONSULARIBUS B2 What man did Cicero later defend, saying he had acted in self-defense when Clodius had tried to kill him? MILO 3. What emperor, raised to the imperial throne at the age of fourteen by the machinations of his grandmother Julia Maesa, ruled from 222 A.D to 235 A.D until being deposed by Maximinus Thrax? SEVERUS ALEXANDER B1 After the death of his grandmother in 226 A.D, Severus Alexander fell under the control of his domineering mother. What was her name? JULIA MAMAEA B2 Name Julia Mamaea’s sister. JULIA SOEMIAS 4. Which of the characters featured heavily in Book XI of the Aeneid is meant to be Vergil’s variation of Penthesilea from the Epic Cycle? CAMILLA B1 Vergil gives the readers Camilla’s “origin” story by describing a memorable scene in which her father, Metabus, on the run from Privernum, is stopped by the Amasenus River with his infant daughter in his hands. How does he escape the angry townspeople? TIES HER TO A SPEAR, (PRAYS TO DIANA,) THROWS HER ACROSS THE RIVER, AND SWIMS ACROSS HIMSELF B2 What nymph did Diana send to the battlefield to avenge Camilla’s death? The 2012 Yale Certamen Advanced Level Round 3 ! OPIS 5. For the verb patior, give both future participles. PASSURUS & PATIENDUS B1 Give the other two participles for patior. PATIĒNS & PASSUS B2 Give all four participles of tollō. TOLLĒNS, TOLLENDUS, SUBLATUS, SUBLATURUS 6. Who speaks the following lines from Book IX of Homer’s Odyssey? “Oh no, no—that prophecy years ago… / it all comes home to me with a vengeance now! / We once had a prophet here, a great all man, / Telemus, Eurymus’ son, a master at reading signs, / who grew old in his trade among his fellow-Cyclops. / All this he warned me, would come to pass someday-- / that I’d be blinded here at the hands of one Odysseus.” POLYPHEMUS B1 To whom does Polyphemus speak these lines from Ovid’s Metamorphoses? “Just look how big I am! Not even Jove— / this Jupiter that you go on about, / who you say governs heaven—is as big! / Abundant hair hangs over my fierce face / and shoulders, shading me, just like a grove; / but don’t think me unsightly just because / I am completely covered in dense bristles: / unsightly is the tree that has no leaves, / the horse without a mane; birds have their plumage / and sheep are most attractive in their wool, / so facial hair and a full body beard / are really most becoming in man.” GALATEA B2 Objectively speaking, of course, Polyphemus probably had one of those faces only a mother could love. What sea-nymph and daughter of Phorcys was the mother of Polyphemus? THOOSA 7. What part of the Roman house was the posticum? BACK DOOR B1 What part of the Roman house was the front door? OSTIUM B2 What were tegulae? ROOF TILES 8. Identify the use of the ablative case in the following sentence: Cīvis Romanus nobilī genere natus est. SOURCE / ORIGIN B1 Identify the use of the ablative case which can be found in this sentence, “Abhinc sex mensibus ad urbem pervēnimus.” DEGREE OF DIFFERENCE B2 Identify the use of the ablative is this sentence, “Ob magnam tempestātem opibus caruērunt.” The 2012 Yale Certamen Advanced Level Round 3 ! SEPARATION (PROMPT ON "SPECIAL VERBS") 9. For the sentence, “When I go to college, every weekend I will study until late at night,” use three words to translate “until late at night” into Latin. AD MULTAM NOCTEM B1 Bonus: For the sentence, “Caesar won the war at the cost of so much blood,” use two words to translate “at the cost of so much blood” into Latin. TANTŌ SANGUINE B2 For the sentence, “How much truth can there be in a poem?” use two words to translate “how much truth” into Latin. QUANTUM VERITATIS 10. What author, born at Forum Iulii in Gaul and considered the greatest elegist by Ovid, wrote four books to an actress named Volumnia? CORNELIUS GALLUS B1 For five points each, give the other two pseudonyms for this woman Volumnia? CYTHERIS and LYCORIS 11. Identify the missing member of this mythological group: Dike, Eunomia, and __________. (E)IRENE B1 Now do the same for this mythological group: Brontes, Steropes, and __________. ARGES B2 Who is missing from this group of Argive captains who pledged to restore Polyneices to the throne of Thebes? Adrastus, Amphiaraus, Capaneus, Hippomedon, Mecisteus, Parthenopaeus. TYDEUS 12. In what year did a Roman fleet under the command of Atilius Regulus and Manlius Vulso decisively defeat a Carthaginian fleet off the southern coast of Sicily at Cape Ecnomus? 256 B.C B1 What strategy did the victory at Cape Ecnomus allow the Romans to pursue? AN INVASION OF AFRICA B2 Where in 255 B.C did a Roman fleet of 250 ships engage and defeat a Carthaginian fleet of 200 ships? CAPE HERMAEUM 13. The historical figures Brutus and Decius Mus serve as the subjects of what famous Roman tragedian’s fābulae praetextae? (LUCIUS) ACCIUS’ B1 Though he is most famous for his tragedies, Accius also wrote a work entitled Didascalica. What is the subject matter of this lesser known work of Accius? (GREEK and LATIN) POETRY B2 What lost work of Accius contains a history of Roman festivals or perhaps a history of Rome itself? The 2012 Yale Certamen Advanced Level Round 3 ! ANNALES 14. Give the third person plural, perfect active subjunctive of tangō. TETIGERINT B1 Change tetigerint to the passive. TACTĪ SINT B2 Change tactī sint to the pluperfect. TACTĪ ESSENT 15. Which of the following words, if any, does not belong because of meaning: tigris, agnus, cunīculus, lucus, lepus? LUCUS B1 What is a lucus? GROVE B2 What kind of animal is a cunīculus? RABBIT 16. What English adjective, derived from a 1st conjugation deponent verb, means "wicked" or "criminal"? NEFARIOUS B1 What English adjective, derived from the same Latin verb, means "friendly, good natured, or easy to talk to"? AFFABLE B2 What English adjective, derived from the same Latin verb, means "introductory"? PREFATORY 17. What Latin author of North Africa was originally pagan but converted to Christianity when he served as a professor of rhetoric in Bithynia? LACTANTIUS B1 Upon becoming a Christian, what work did Lactantius write in which he defended the Christian doctrine and heavily criticized polytheism? INSTITUTIONES DIVINAE B2 What work, attributed to Lactantius, concerns the downfall of the various emperors who prosecuted Christians? DE MORTIBUS PERSECUTORUM 18. Translate: Legiō barbarōs prohibuērunt quominus urbem caperent. THE LEGION STOPPED THE BARBARIANS FROM CAMPTURING THE CITY B1 Translate: Hī barbarī ferocēs moriturī sunt. THESE FEROCIOUS BARBARIANS ARE ABOUT TO DIE B2 Translate: Omnibus barbarīs mortuīs, Romanī gaudeant. The 2012 Yale Certamen Advanced Level Round 3 ! SINCE ALL THE BARBARIANS ARE DEAD / HAVE DIED, LET THE ROMANS REJOICE 19. What woman, a sister of the Jewish king Herod Agrippa II, engaged in such a scandalous affair with the emperor Titus that their relationship was compared to that of Antony and Cleopatra? BERENICE B1 While the most famous event of Titus’ reign was the destruction of Pompeii and Herculaneum by the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in 79 A.D, that occasion was not the first time that Pompeii had been destroyed by a natural disaster. In what year had the city been previously leveled by a devastating earthquake? 63 A.D B2 Titus’ predecessor Vespasian came to the throne through war and he encountered strong opposition from Roman philosophers. What two schools of philosophy did Vespasian expel from Rome during his reign? CYNICISM AND STOICISM 20. For mocking whom was the sharp-faced boy Stellio turned into a spotted lizard in Book V of Ovid’s Metamorphoses? CERES B1 What son of Orphne and Acheron earned Proserpina’s anger when he disclosed her consumption of pomegranate seeds to Pluto? ASCALAPHUS (NOT Ascalabus) B2 What boy was the brother of Callidice, Cleisidice, Demo, and Callithoe, according to the Homeric Hymn to Demeter (2)? DEMOPH(O)ON The 2012 Yale Certamen Advanced Level Semifinal Round ! 1. Translate the following sentence into English: Nōs laetī erimus dum laetus sīs. WE WILL BE HAPPY SO LONG AS / PROVIDED THAT YOU ARE HAPPY B1 Translate: Manēbimus Romae dum perveniās. WE WILL STAY IN ROME UNTIL YOU ARRIVE B2 Translate: Edāmus bene dummodo satis cibī habeāmus. LET US EAT WELL SO LONG AS / PROVIDED THAT WE HAVE ENOUGH FOOD 2. What time keeping device in ancient Rome could mark the hours of the night because it harnessed the power of water? CLEPSYDRA B1 What did the Romans call a sun-dial? SŌLĀRIUM B2 What emperor set up a sun-dial called the horologium or gnomon in the Campus Martius? AUGUSTUS 3. Complete the following analogy: sī vīs : sīn :: sī audēs : SODĒS B1 Define sodēs. IF YOU DARE B2 Define sīn. IF YOU WISH 4. Name the respective characters from the Odyssey who are the primary inhabitants of Aeaea and Ogygia. CIRCE (AEAEA), CALYPSO (OGYGIA) B1 Though they are not named in Homer’s Odyssey, on what island do Parthenope, Leucosia, and Ligeia reside? ANTHEMOESSA B2 What crew member does Vergil have Ulysses heartlessly leaving behind to fend for himself on the island of Sicily? ACHAEMENIDES 5. What author may have written a play, Oedipus, but is more famous for his historical works, which describe his campaigns in Gaul and the civil war he fought with Pompey? JULIUS CAESAR B1 How many books of Commentarii De Bello Civile did Caesar complete before his death in 44 B.C.? 3 B2 In what work of Caesar does he reply to a dialogue by Cicero? ANTICATONES The 2012 Yale Certamen Advanced Level Semifinal Round ! 6. From what Latin verb, with what meaning, do we derive "avalanche"? LABOR - SLIP / FALL B1 ...do we derive "correspondence"? SPONDEŌ - PROMISE B2 ...do we derive "venison"? VENOR - HUNT 7. What author wrote a massive, 150-book work that was a mixture of prose and poetry based on the model of Menippus? VARRO B1 Varro also wrote a work on the Latin language simply titled De Lingua Latina. How many books was it originally, and how many survive today? 25 ORIGINAL, 6 SURVIVE B2 Varro also had a completely lost work on music, medicine, grammar, and rhetoric. What was its title? DISCIPLINES 8. Which of the following prepositions, if any, is never followed by the ablative case: cōram, prō, absque, clam, sine? NONE OF THEM (THEY ALL CAN TAKE THE ABLATIVE) B1 Use the preposition secundum to say “according to nature” in Latin. SECUNDUM NĀTŪRAM B2 Define the preposition praeter. BEYOND, PAST, EXCEPT 9. Although he had relinquished his power three years prior, what former emperor met with Galerius and Maximian in 308 A.D to help resolve the political tension within the empire? DIOCLETIAN B1 At what city did this conference take place? CARNUNTUM B2 What governor of Pannonia had been declared emperor in this city over one hundred years earlier? SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS 10. What two Achaeans in Book I of the Iliad are given the unpleasant task of going to the tent of Achilles to retrieve Briseis for Agamemnon? TALTHYBIUS, EURYBATES B1 What son of Diores is the charioteer of Achilles and Patroclus? AUTOMEDON B2 What son of Molus is the second-in-command of the Cretan forces at Troy and Idomeneus’ constant companion-in-arms throughout the epic? MERIONES The 2012 Yale Certamen Advanced Level Semifinal Round ! 11. Listen carefully to the following passage, loosely adapted from Phaedrus, which I shall read twice, and answer in ENGLISH the question that follows. Rānae, vagantēs līberīs palūdibus, clāmōre magnō rēgem petiērunt ab Iove. Pater deōrum rīsit atque illīs dedit ballistam. “Nunc,” inquit Iuppiter, “nōn necesse est vōbīs rēgem habēre, quod hostēs vastāre poteritis.” (Repeat.) The question: What did the frogs want from Jupiter? A KING B1 What did Jupiter give them instead? A BALLISTA / CATAPULT B2 Why did Jupiter give them the catapult? SO THEY COULD DESTROY THEIR ENEMY 12. Whose navy, as part of his preparation for an invasion of Roman Greece, descended on the island of Delos in 88 B.C, massacring 20,000 Roman merchants and slave traders? MITHRIDATES VI (EUPATOR) (OF PONTUS) B1 Of what larger systematic massacre of Roman citizens in Asia Minor was this event a part? THE ASIATIC VESPERS B2 The invasion of Pontus by what Roman-backed Bithynian king had first prompted Mithridates to wage war against the Romans? NICOMEDES III 13. What native of Spain and author of the first century A.D. wrote a 12 book treatise on farming entitled De Re Rustica? (LUCIUS JUNIUS MODERATUS) COLUMELLA B1 In what city in Spain was Columella born? GADES / CADIZ B2 What two earlier authors served as important sources for Columella in writing his treatise? CATO THE ELDER and VARRO REATINUS (prompt on “Varro”) 14. To what divinity does Pallas pray in Book X of the Aeneid before facing Turnus in a duel of arms? HERCULES B1 Vergil’s description of Hercules’ grief and Jupiter’s response that “each man has his day, and the time of life / is brief for all, and never comes again” is in some ways a mirror to Zeus’ own desire to save which of his sons from death at the hands of Patroclus in Book XVI of the Iliad? SARPEDON B2 What object on the body of Pallas serves a similar function in the Aeneid that the armor worn by Patroclus does in the Iliad? BALDRIC/SWORD-BELT The 2012 Yale Certamen Advanced Level Semifinal Round ! 15. For the verb faciō, give the 2nd person singular, imperfect, passive, subjunctive. FIERĒS B1 Change fierēs to the perfect. FACTUS SĪS B2 Change factus sīs to the future perfect. NO SUCH FORM EXISTS 16. What tale does Mercury tell Argus Panoptes to lure him to sleep in Book I of Ovid’s Metamorphoses? PAN AND SYRINX B1 What grief-stricken character, an artist himself, tells the tale of Pygmalion and his lifelike ivory maiden in Book X of the Metamorphoses? ORPHEUS B2 What story does a disguised Vertumnus tell Pomona as a cautionary tale against resisting love? IPHIS & ANAXARETE 17. Although the Roman monarchy was traditionally abolished in 510 B.C, the office of consul was not always the chief executive office. Between 444 and 367 B.C, consuls were elected only twenty-two times. Who were elected in place of the consuls in those years? MILITARY TRIBUNES WITH CONSULAR POWER (TRIBUNI MILITUM CONSULARI POTESTATE) B1 Originally, only three Military Tribunes with consular power were elected each year. How many were elected each year by the end of the practice? SIX B2 What was the Latin title of the law which put an end to the practice in 367 B.C? LEX LICINIA SEXTIA 18. What author started his political career as quaestor in 55 B.C., became a tribune of the plebs in 52 B.C., and soon after was kicked out of the Senate in 50 B.C. because of his outspoken opposition to Milo and Cicero? (GAIUS) SALLUST(IUS) CRISPUS B1 What position did Sallust obtain in 46 B.C. and later relinquish after being charged with extortion? GOVERNOR OF NUMIDIA / AFRICA NOVA B2 In addition to his political exploits, Sallust is also known for several historical works he wrote including a history of Rome from 78 B.C. to 67 B.C. entitled Historiae, which is a continuation of what previous author’s 23-book history, most of which is now lost? (CORNELIUS) SISENNA’S The 2012 Yale Certamen Advanced Level Semifinal Round ! 19. What grammatical term is given to the verbal adjective identical to the future passive participle? GERUNDIVE B1 What form is used in the place of a nominative gerund? (PRESENT ACTIVE) INFINITIVE B2 Translate this sentence into English: Est epistulae scrībendae studiōsus. HE IS EAGER TO WRITE A LETTER. 20. Quid Anglicē significat “scaber”? ROUGH B1 Quid Anglicē significat “puter”? ROTTEN B2 Quid Anglicē significat “campester”? FLAT / LEVEL The 2012 Yale Certamen Advanced Level Final Round ! 1. ATranslate this sentence into Latin using a gerundive and the accusative case: Brutus and Cassius went to the Senate to kill Caesar. BRUTUS ET CASSIUS AD SENATUM IVĒRUNT AD OCCĪDENDUM CAESAREM B1 Translate this sentence into Latin using the verb caveō: Caesar, do not trust Brutus! CAVE, CAESAR, CREDĀS BRUTŌ B2 Translate that sentence using a perfect subjunctive. NĒ CRĒDIDERIS BRUTŌ, CAESAR 2. What Silver Age Latin author achieved financial security through the patronage of the emperor Hadrian, allowing him to purchase a farm at Tibur following the writing of his 16 satires? JUVENAL B1 What is the name of the actor Juvenal mentioned as having an affair with Domitian’s daughter, prompting the emperor to banish him? PARIS B2 In his third satire, a friend of Juvenal’s says he is leaving Rome because of its corruption. What was this friend’s name? UMBRISCUS 3. From what Latin noun, with what meaning, do we derive "clef" and "conclave"? CLAVIS - KEY B1 ...do we derive "cushion"? COXA - HIPBONE B2 ...do we derive "urchin"? ERICIUS - HEDGEHOG 4. What fourth century emperor of the Western empire so alienated his troops that they elected the governor of Britain, Magnus Maxmimus, to challenge him in 383 A.D? GRATIAN B1 One of the things Gratian did to alienate his troops was to keep a bodyguard comprised of barbarian huntsmen. From what tribe, renowned for their hunting ability, were these bodyguards recruited? THE ALANS B2 The emperor Gratian is well known for being the first emperor to renounce the title of Pontifex Maximus and to be the emperor who had the altar of victory removed from the senate house. That being said, he probably did not conceive of these actions on his own. What bishop of Milan is said to have had great influence over Gratian? AMBROSE 5. Differentiate in meaning between tus and tussis. TUS – FRANKINCENSE; TUSSIS – COUGH B1 Differentiate in meaning between effigies and eluvies. EFFIGIES – IMAGE; ELUVIES – FLOOD The 2012 Yale Certamen Advanced Level Final Round ! B2 Differentiate in meaning between the nouns alvus and alnus? ALVUS – BELLY; ALNUS – ALDER TREE 6. What character from Vergil’s Aeneid leads a delegation of Trojans to an audience with both Dido in Book I and Latinus in Book VII? ILIONEUS B1 What critic of Turnus urges the Rutulians and Latins to accept Aeneas’s proposal of peace in Book XI? DRANCES B2 Who assumes the form of Camertus in Book XII when it appears that Aeneas and Latinus are on the verge of an agreement in order to argue for a general battle against the Trojans instead of an individual duel between Aeneas and Turnus? JUTURNA 7. Which of the Five Good Emperors developed the limes system of defensive walls across the empire, suppressed rebellions in Britain, Judaea, and Africa, secured the deification of his predecessor after a lengthy political battle with the senate, and built a wall across Britain between the Firth of Forth and the Firth of Clyde? ANTONINUS PIUS B1 From what city in southern Gaul did Antoninus Pius’s family originate? NIMAUSUS B2 At what country estate about ten miles west of Rome did Antoninus Pius die in 161 A.D? LORIUM 8. VISUAL TOSSUP: Please do not open the visual until you have been instructed to do so. (Once all players have received the visual, continue reading). You may now open the visual and take ten seconds to examine it before I read the question. (Wait ten seconds). What hapless servant is shown being grasped by his foot and hair, on the verge of being hurled into the sea, in this eighteenth-century sculpture by Antonio Canova? (N.B. The picture here is for moderator reference only. See the final page of the document for a printable version) LICHAS B1 Ovid’s account of Lichas’s death, of course, involves a transformation. Into what substance does Lichas transform as he hurtled through the air? FLINT / ROCK B2 From what mountain did Hercules hurl Lichas? OETA 9. Identify the use of the accusative in the phrase id temporis. ADVERBIAL B1 ...somnium somnāvī COGNATE The 2012 Yale Certamen Advanced Level Final Round ! B2 ...tē pecuniam cēlāvit. DOUBLE ACCUSATIVE 10. Urbes Italicae, Fabulae, and De Astronomia are all attributed to what first century A.D. freedman of Augustus? HYGINUS B1 To what position was Hyginus appointed by Augustus? HEAD OF THE PALATINE LIBRARY B2 Hyginus is also said to have written a commentary on what author’s famous epyllion Zmyrna? (GAIUS HELVIUS) CINNA 11. Translate the following sentence into English, “Spērō fore ut amīcī semper sīmus.” I HOPE THAT WE WILL ALWAYS BE FRIENDS. B1 Now render that same sentence into Latin without using the subjunctive mood. SPĒRŌ NŌS SEMPER FUTURŌS ESSE AMĪCŌS. B2 Now, using a future infinitive and a contracted form, say in Latin, “We know that we will be the winners.” SCĪMUS NŌS VICTORĒS FORE. 12. When describing clothing, what two words did Roman authors use to designate its division based on how it was worn? INDUTUS & AMICTUS B1 What was distinctive about the tunica talaris? IT REACHED THE ANKLES B2 What type of tunica was worn by Roman equitēs? TUNICA ANGUSTĪ CLĀVĪ 13. Respondē Latīnē. Quot sunt quater vīgintī? OCTŌGENTĀ B1 Respondē Latīnē. Quot sunt quīnquiēns centum? QUĪNGĒNTĪ B2 Respondē Latīnē. Quot sunt dimidium dimidiī? QUARTA PARS 14. What male character does Ovid imagine as writing the following lines from his Heroides? “If only the seas fell, one from Abydos / would carry to a girl from Sestos / the greetings that he must send with another. / If the gods regard me with favor, / if they have care for my love, the eye that reads / these words must read them reluctantly. / But the gods are unkind: why would they delay / my pledges, why would they not permit / me to rush through waters so well known to me?” LEANDER The 2012 Yale Certamen Advanced Level Final Round ! B1 To what goddess is Leander praying when he writes “Favor me, goddess of brilliance; let the rocks / of Latmus rise up before your eyes.” LUNA / THE MOON B2 At one point in the letter, Leander claims that, spurred on by the sight of Hero’s guiding lantern, he will out-swim even what god of the sea who was once the mortal son of Athamas? PALAEMON (prompt on “Melicertes”) 15. What late author and orator wrote a report to Valentinian II in which he defends the old pagan religion against the attacks of Christians such as St. Ambrose? SYMMACHUS B1 What is the title given to this report? RELATIO B2 What contemporary of Symmachus referred to him as pingue et floridum? MACROBIUS 16. When recognized by the spotter, perform the following command: Simulā hastam conicere. STUDENT SHOULD PRETEND TO HURL A SPEAR. B1 Now perform this command: Gladiō, simulā necem sociī tuī. STUDENT SHOULD FEIGN THE MURDER OF A COMRADE WITH A SWORD. B2 Now perform this command: Simulā clipeum tenēre. STUDENT SHOULD PRETEND TO HOLD A SHIELD. 17. Where, in 57 B.C, did a coalition of Belgic tribes oppose Caesar as he tried to advance into Belgica proper? THE AXONA (AISNE) RIVER B1 What Belgic tribe was the only tribe to side with Caesar before the fight? THE REMI B2 Where was Caesar’s army later ambushed and almost defeated in a desperate hand-tohand fight by a Belgic coalition led by the Nervii? THE SABIS (SAMBRE) RIVER 18. What do the following mythological characters, in at least one account or another, have in common? Misenus, Orion, Pierides, and Marsyas. CHALLENGED A GOD/GODS IN A CONTEST B1 Which of the Seven Against Thebes made the worst challenge, in a sense, when he boasted that not even Zeus could stop him from scaling the walls of Thebes? CAPANEUS B2 Whose daughters, according to Ovid, dared to deny the divinity of Venus and became the first prostitutes and later statues in their shame? PROPOETUS’S (i.e. they were known by the patronymic the “PROPOETIDES,” so prompt for clarification of this answer is given) The 2012 Yale Certamen Advanced Level Final Round ! 19. In 80 B.C., Cicero successfully defended Sextus Roscius Amerinus against a charge of patricide by proving what man’s guilt? CHRYSOGONUS B1 In what speech of Cicero, delivered in 63 B.C., does he defend an old knight charged with the murder of Saturninus? PRO RABIRIO B2 In 54 B.C., what former governor of Sardinia does Cicero defend against charges of extortion? M. AEMILIUS SCAURUS 20. Listen carefully to the following passage, adapted from Livy, which I shall read twice, and answer in ENGLISH the question that follows. In hāc parte operis meī licet mihi praefārī, bellum maximē memōrābile omnium quae umquam gesta sint mē scrīptūrum esse, quod Hannibāle duce Carthāginiēnsēs cum populō Rōmānō gerere. (Repeat.) The question: According to Livy, what superlative can be applied to the Second Punic War? MOST MEMORABLE (OF ALL) B1 Where is this passage in relation to Livy’s discussion of the Second Punic War? BEFORE IT B2 The passage continues, Nam neque validiōrēs opibus ūllae inter sē cīvitātēs gentēsque contulērunt arma. What does Livy give here as the reason the Second Punic War is so memorable? THE STATES WERE BOTH RICH IN RESOURCES/ NO OTHER STATES SO RICH IN RESOURCES HAD EVER BORE ARMS AGAINST EACH OTHER.
