Download Food Studies Sample Questions

Structural unit of proteins.
There are twenty common ones found in proteins.
The process of converting simple nutrients (e.g.
amino acids) into cellular/body components (e.g.
proteins)
-- an anabolic process (anabolism).
amino acid
assimilation
Tough, fibrous protein with a high sulphur content
Forms structures such as
horns, nails, hair, feathers, etc.
Food intake that contains the correct proportions of
carbohydrate, fat, protein, minerals, vitamins, water
and roughage. The quantities of each for an
individual will depend on his/her sex, age and level of
physical activity.
keratin
balanced diet
Substances made inside organisms.
Also known as biochemicals.
There are four types found in food: carbohydrates,
lipids, proteins and vitamins.
Composed of elements carbon, hydrogen and
oxygen.
General formula Cx(H2O)y.
biomolecules
carbohydrate
The most abundant body protein,
A main component of hair and forms the inelastic
outer layer on arteries and veins.
A five-carbon sugar found in the nucleotides of DNA.
collagen
deoxyribose
A carbohydrate composed of two monosaccharide
units joined together
(e.g. sucrose = glucose + fructose
= C12H22O11.
Contains the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen,
but in a different ratio to carbohydrates [very little
oxygen].
It is solid at room temperature.
disaccharide
fat
Food containing a large content of cellulose [plant
cell walls], e.g. vegetables.
Keeps the contents of the gut moving. Prevents
constipation.
A six-carbon single sugar, monosaccharide. Formed
in plants during photosynthesis and is the end
product of the digestion of carbohydrates.
Most living organisms need it for respiration.
fibre [roughage]
glucose (C6H12O6)
Fats are formed by attaching one of these molecules
to three fatty acids.
Animal storage polysaccharide found in muscles, liver
and brain.
glycerol
glycogen
A disaccharide reducing sugar, C12H22O11, found in
milk and other dairy products.
Fat or fat-like substance, composed of fatty acids and
glycerol.
Made of the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
Examples are oils, waxes and fat.
lactose
lipid
A structure that is a combination of a lipid (fat) and
protein, e.g. cell membrane is composed of it
These are large molecules made up of many smaller
organic molecules, e.g. carbohydrates, lipids,
proteins, and nucleic acids.
lipoprotein
macromolecules
Nutrients needed by plants in fairly large amounts for
successful development, e.g. nitrogen, phosphorous,
potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur and iron.
A disaccharide reducing sugar, C12H22O11, formed
from the hydrolysis of starch.
macronutrients
maltose
Elements required in very small amounts by
organisms but essential for normal growth and
development,
e.g. for plants: boron, copper, zinc;
for animals: most minerals and vitamins.
Substance that contains some necessary ingredients
for growth or energy for cellular metabolism and
continuity.
micronutrients / trace elements
nutrient
The process involved in the making and receiving or
the absorption and utilisation of food (energy and
materials) from the environment.
A type of lipid that is liquid at room temperature.
nutrition
oil
A carbohydrate composed of many sugar units.
Compound with two or more amino acids linked
together in sequence.
A very small protein.
Many of these form a polypeptide chain.
polysaccharide
peptide
An essential organic catalyst of metabolism. Needed
in small amounts, cannot be produced in the body.
Some are water-soluble and some are fat-soluble.
Compound composed of the elements carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen [and sometimes
sulphur].
Made by joining many amino acids
together
vitamin
protein
A polysaccharide made of repeated glucose
molecules.
Produced in photosynthesis
It is found in bread, rice, and pasta.
Smallest lipid consisting of three fatty acid and one
glycerol molecule.
starch
triglyceride