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The Northern Renaissance
Northern Renaissance Begins
Works of artists like ___________________, _____________________________ and ______________ showed the
Renaissance spirit
__________ Spread
By the late __________ Renaissance ideas spread to northern Europe, especially _________, ____________,
_______________ and _____________
By 1450 population starting to bounce back after bubonic ______________, and the _______________ Years’ War had
ended
Cities grew rapidly and wealthy
_______________ merchants could sponsor artists
What does “sponsor” mean?
* to _______________ financially
Sponsorship
______________________ was the first place to sponsor artists because it was rich from __________ and
____________
Italy was divided into city-states, but England and France united under strong ___________________ and rulers often
sponsored artists
_________________ __ of France, purchased Renaissance paintings and invited ____________________________ to
retire in France
Francis I also hired Italian ________________ to rebuild his castle at _____________________________, which became
a showcase of French renaissance
Many humanists were interested in ________________ ideas rather than _____________ themes that were popular in
Italy
________________ Ideas Spread
In 1494, a __________________ king launched an invasion in through northern Italy
Many people (including artists) were forced to flee to a safer life in __________________ Europe
Some Were German Painters
_________ ____________, son of a goldsmith- many of his prints portray religious subjects; work inspired other German
artists
________ _____________- specialized in paintings that looked almost photogenic in detail- enjoyed success in England,
painting portraits of King Henry VIII and members of the royal family
Flemish Painting (Flanders)
First great Flemish Renaissance painter was _________ ______ ________ who developed techniques with oil based
paints still used today
Van Eyck’s paintings display unusually realistic details and reveal the personality of their subjects
___________ ___________ the Elder produced paintings about landscapes or peasant scenes
Northern Writers Try to Reform Society
Just like Italian art influenced northern painters, Renaissance ideas influence _____________ and
_____________________ of northern Europe
Writers adopted the idea of ________________, but gave it more of a ________________ slant
Some northern humanists are called also _________________ humanists
Christian Humanists
Best known were ____________________ ______________________ of Holland and ______________ ____________ of
England
Desiderius Erasmus
Most famous book, ______ _________ _____ ____________, poked fun of greedy merchants, heartsick lovers and
pompous priests
Thomas More
Wrote ___________________, a book about a flawless society in 1516
French humanist, Francois Rabelais believed humans were basically good and should live by instinct rather than religious
roles
William Shakespeare
Wrote in Renaissance _________________
Many consider him to be the greatest _____________________________ of all time
The Invention That Changed the World!
The ____________ ______________
During the 13th century, European printers began using ____________ printing to create whole pages to bind into books
This process was too slow
_____________ ___________________ reinvented moveable type around 1440 and made it more practical
Each block was carved by hand with each character in position which meant a completely new carved block for each
page.
Gutenberg’s Printing Press
Gutenberg later invented a printing press- a ____________________ that presses paper against a full tray of inked
moveable type
The first full-size book printed with moveable type was the _________________- known as the __________________
Bible, printed in __________
Enabled a printer to produce __________________ of copies, all exactly alike
Effects
For the first time, books were _____________ enough that people could buy them
By ____________, presses in about 250 cities had printed between ___ and ____ million books!
At first, just _____________________ books were printed, then ______________ books and _________________
manuals were printed
Availability of books encouraged people to read causing a spike in ___________________
Understanding
Writing in ________________________ languages increased because those who didn’t have “___________________”
education could read in their own language
Printers printed the Bible in ________________________, allowing more people to read it
People started to _______________________ the bible for themselves and became more ______________ of priests
behavior
This leads to demands for religious ____________________