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CONNOTATIVE MEANING AND TRANSLATION ISSUES Ms. Abrar Mujaddidi LANE 350 Basic Principles The meaning of a text comprises a number of different layers: Referential content Emotional colouring Cultural associations Social and personal connotations cont., Connotative meaning refers to the associations which over and above the denotative meaning of an expression, form part of its overall meaning. There are six types of connotative meaning. Attitudinal Meaning Is that part of the overall meaning of an expression which consists of some widespread attitude to the refrent. E.g. The police The filth The boys in blue cont., The formal nature of Standard Arabic makes it hard to find attitudinal meaning in its words. Formal terms have less tendency to show attitudinal meaning than informal terms. However, attitudinal meaning is still important in translating Standard Arabic cont., E.g. .. BJIدBL 345678 ص:;8= ا4:>?@8ت اBCDEFG ا:H5I military coups provide their perpetrators with the opportunity…. E.g. ءB?V8 اWO4DX WOC WX يBSF أB4 ..وت:OC B4 PQ My lady amongst millions of women Associative meaning Associative meaning is that part of the overall meaning of an expression which consists of expectations that are-rightly or worngly- accociated with the referent of the expression. E.g. Nurse crusade ZJEX Affective meaning Affective meaning is the emotive effect worked on the addressee by the choice of expression, and which forms part of its overall meaning. The expression does not merely denote its referent, but also hints at some attitude of the speaker or writer to the adressee. E.g. [>\ اvs. []^8ء اB_:8ا cont., It is fairly easy to confuse attitudinal meaning with affective meaning. The difference is that attitudinal meaning involves attitude to the referent (the person or thing referred to), whereas affective meaning involves attitude to the addressee ( the person spoken to). Allusive meaning Allusive meaning is an intertextual feature. It occurs when an expression evokes an associated saying or quotation in such a way that the meaning of that saying or quotation becomes part of the overall meaning of the expression. Collocation and collocative meaning Collocations are terms which occur closely together. E.g. Pretty (girl, boy, woman, flower) Handsome ( boy, man, car, vessel) The importance of finding appropriate collocation in translation can be cont., The importance of finding appropriate collocation in translation can be illustrated by the following examples: Close cooperation for cOd58ون اB@78ا Forced smile for =@Vf^X =XB?7Cا Collocations also the affect the pattern of occurrence of X and Y : i]68 وiX دWX his own flesh and blood cont., Collocative meaning is the meaning given to an expression over its denotative meaning by the meaning of some other expression with which it collocates to form a commonly used phrase. jk@l8اك ا:68ا Reflected meaning Reflected meaning is the meaning given to an expression that calls to mind another meaning of the same word or phrase. E.g. Rat رB]o The textual context is what triggers these latent reflected meanings. Other types of connotative meanings There are additional connotative meanings other than the types mentioned earlier: Emphasis Presentation of information as predictable or unpredictable Presentation of information as foregrounded or backgrounded Thank you ☺