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Name: _________________________________________Number_________Date_________________Period_______ Chapter 4: Buddhism Study Guide Look up the answers to the following sections, which is due at the following class session. True or False ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. The life of Gautama is known more through legend than through verifiable fact. Gautama remained an ascetic all his life. One of the Three Jewels is the Buddha. Dharma in Buddhism is exactly the same as the Hindu doctrine of dharma. Like many religions, Buddhism depends on a revelation from the divine for its truths. Both Buddhism and Hinduism teach the doctrine of samsara. The emphasis in Buddhist morality is on the actual outcome of an act, not the intention behind it. The Five Precepts apply only to Buddhist monks and nuns. The Buddha severely condemned attachments, even between family members. The heart of Buddhist practice lies specifically in wisdom. Nirvana cannot be understood until it is experienced. The Buddha specifically refused to say whether or not a person exists in nirvana. Multiple Choice Choose the single best answer to complete each statement. ___ a. b. c. d. 1. Buddha was a man god supernatural being both a and c ___ a. b. c. d. 2. Siddhartha Gautama was born into poverty luxury the warrior caste both b and c ___ a. b. c. d. 3. Which of the Four Passing Sights filled Gautama with hope? the decrepit old man the mendicant the corpse the diseased man ___ a. b. c. d. 4. Gautama finally attained enlightenment when he perceived his previous lifetimes discovered the Four Noble Truths acquired the "divine eye" accepted a simple meal ___ 5. Taking refuge in the Three Jewels means one is a. a Buddhist b. c. d. loath to accept asceticism mired in Mara’s realm distracted by worldly charms ___ a. b. c. d. 6. For Buddhists, Gautama the Buddha is the first Buddha the only Buddha not the first or only Buddha the most superior deity ___ a. b. c. d. 7. Buddhism holds that salvation must be won through the gods efforts of the human mind the intervention of arhats both a and c ___ a. b. c. d. 8. When Gautama looked deeply within himself, he discovered Atman the eternal self both a and b change ___ a. b. c. d. 9. Which of the following is not one of the Three Marks of Existence? no-self (anatta) impermanence (anicca) action (karma) suffering (dukkha) ___ a. b. c. d. 10. The Noble Eightfold Path sets forth extreme religious practices stages to be mastered and left behind a life of moderation and ongoing practices both a and b ___ 11. Which of the following is not a primary focal point of Buddhist training, embraced by the Noble Eightfold Path? a. unconditional love b. wisdom c. morality d. concentration ___ a. b. c. d. 12. The arhat is free from tanha free from dukkha perfectly compassionate toward all living things all of the above Identification Listed below are Buddhism’s three great "vehicles." Match the appropriate letter to the numbered characteristics of the various vehicles. a. b. c. Theravada Mahayana Vajrayana ___ 1. The Great Vehicle, whose adherents revere bodhisattvas and consider compassion the supreme virtue. ___ 2. Also known by the somewhat derisive name of Hinayana (the Lesser Vehicle), this is the prevalent form of Buddhism in Sri Lanka, Myanmar (Burma), Thailand, and Kampuchea (Cambodia). ___ 3. The Vehicle of the Diamond. ___ 4. Follows the earliest texts, focuses on the teachings of Buddhism, and emphasizes the monastic life. ___ 5. The largest division of Buddhism and the dominant form of Buddhism in China, Korea, and Japan. ___ 6. Focuses on the Buddha himself, celebrating him as a divine savior. ___ 7. The prevalent form of Buddhism in Tibet. ___ 8. Harnesses sensual energies to propel individuals toward enlightenment. Matching Match the definitions below with the word that fits the definition. Write the letter in the blank before the definition it matches. a. b. c. d. e. 2a. 2b. 2c. 2d. 2e. 3a. 3b. 3c. 3d. sangha karma Buddha nirvana mantras Dharma asceticism arhat mandalas Pali bodhisattva mudras tanha Dalai Lama ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Rigorous self-denial. This means "awakened one". The state of eternal bliss that is ultimate salvation. A saint, or one who has become enlightened. The Buddhist community of monks, nuns, and laity. The teachings of the Buddha. An ancient language of India, spoken by the common people. This determines the nature of one’s rebirth. Selfish desire; it is the second noble truth. A "Buddha in the making," the ideal type for Mahayana Buddhists. Patterned icons that visually excite and are used in Vajrayana Buddhism. Choreographed hand movements used in Vajrayana Buddhist rituals. Resonating chants used especially in Vajrayana Buddhism. Head of the hierarchy of Vajrayana Buddhist clergy. Name: _________________________________________Number_________Date_________________Period_______ Essay Complete the following essay questions from Chapter 4 on Buddhism. 1. How did Siddhartha Gautama learn about the reality of suffering and the impermanence of life’s pleasures? What did he do in response to this discovery? What would you have done if you had been in his position? 2. Define the Middle Way. Compare this doctrine to another religion’s perspective on what constitutes a healthy spiritual life. 3. Name two ways that Buddhism and Hinduism are alike and two ways that they are different. 4. "To examine completely the inner realm of self leads to the discovery that the self does not exist." Explain how a Buddhist might make sense of this paradox. Then describe briefly how a Hindu might respond to such a statement. 5. Contrast the Buddhist and Hindu views of what is reborn after death. 6. What are Buddhism’s central teachings called? List them and tell whether you agree with each one, and why. 7. Do you think Buddhism is a pessimistic religion? Explain your answer. 8. Briefly recall in writing the story of the Buddha and the tigress. Propose an argument either for or against the degree of compassion being held up as the ideal. 9. Which of the three great rafts, or "vehicles," of Buddhism most appeals to you? Why?