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Describe the series of events that followed Caesar’s death up to 27 B.C.
• Several Roman leaders struggled for
control
• Struggle led to Civil War
• Octavian defeated enemies and
became unchallenged ruler of Rome
in 27 B.C.
What was the relationship between Octavian and Caesar?
• Octavian was the
great-nephew and
adopted son of Julius
Caesar
What name did Octavian eventually take? What did it mean?
• Octavian took the name
Augustus
• Augustus means “exalted
one”, or person of great
rank and authority.
What title did the first emperor of Rome prefer to be called? Why do you think he preferred
this title?
• The first emperor, Augustus,
preferred the title “First
Citizen”
POSSIBLE INFERENCES:
• He wanted to be loved by the people and perhaps the title of
emperor was too imposing.
• Augustus was a simple person who viewed himself as one of the
Roman people.
Why do you believe Augustus restored certain aspects of the Roman republic?
POSSIBLE INFERENCES:
• Augustus knew the republic form of government was successful and
that it could help him rule Rome
• Augustus wanted trust of high ranking Roman officials
• Augustus was a person who believed in tradition and wanted to
restore some of Rome’s tradition
Describe the childhood of Augustus.
• Young Augustus was weak and sickly
Historians agree that Augustus appealed to the common people of Rome. What evidence
from the text on page 447 in the section titled, “History Makers,” can be used to support
this claim?
• Augustus tried to present himself as a simple person
with simple tastes.
• He lived in a small house
• Slept in a bedroom no larger than a cell
• Wore plain robes
• Ate foods of the common people
Why do you think Augustus said the highest honor was to be called the father of the
country?
POSSIBLE INFERENCES:
• Augustus puts an end to years of civil
war, and is given credit for rebuilding
Rome
• Augustus is a father figure to people of
Rome
• Augustus is the first emperor of Rome,
and is the first leader of a new Roman era
in history.
What responsibilities did Augustus’ civil service have?
•
•
•
•
Government employed officials
Collected taxes
Oversaw the postal system
Managed the grain supply
“I found Rome a city of bricks and left it a city of marble.” ~Augustus
What evidence from the text can you use to support this quote.
• Augustus rebuilt and beautified
Rome
• He built grand temples, theaters,
and monuments.
• He replaced old brick buildings
with marble buildings.
What was the Pax Romana? How long did it last? How large did the empire grow during
this time?
• Pax Romana meant “Roman Peace”. It
was a long period of peace and
stability in the Roman Empire.
• Lasted for 200 years
• The empire grew to its largest size of 2
million square miles
What were the responsibilities of the Roman army under Augustus?
• Greatest fighting force in
the world
• 300,000 men served
• Guarded the empire’s
frontiers
• Built roads, bridges,
tunnels
• Navy patrolled the
Mediterranean Sea
Why did the Roman Empire continue to do well long after Augustus’ death, even during
times of bad rulers?
• The government that was established by Augustus was very effective.
What two main factors led to the success of Roman trade throughout the Pax Romana?
• Quality of Roman roads
• Security provided by the
Roman military
Historians consider the denarius greatly important to the economy of the Roman Empire.
What evidence from the text can be used to support that claim?
• The economy was united
under a single currency
• Common money made
trade much easier
throughout different parts
of the empire
What negative effect did the expanding economy of the Roman Empire have on the social
class?
• The gap between the rich and the poor grew wider