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7th Grade Chapter 2 Study Notes: The Fertile Crescent Study vocabulary (matching) Civilization developed in the Fertile Crescent because the rivers created rich farmland. Hammurabi’s Code was the first laws that were written down. Babylon became an important center for trade because it was located between cities to the south and north. Sumerian cities remained politically independent and developed into separate city-states. The Medes and the Chaldeans destroyed the Assyrian Empire in 612 B.C. The Phoenicians helped spread civilization throughout the Mediterranean area by using ships to trade with other people. The Phoenician alphabet made it easier for people to learn to read and write. Writing first developed in Mesopotamia. The Israelites settled Canaan. The Persians spread religion, bureaucracy, and science through conquest and trade. The Israelites worshipped only one god. Mesopotamia was located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Phoenicia became a thriving and wealthy region because they sold valuable wood and dyed cloth.