Download Human Anatomy and Physiology Final Exam Study Guide

Human Anatomy and Physiology Final Exam Study Guide Key
(Spring Semester)
You will be given a scan-tron for your final exam; and it will consist of 100
questions taken from nine chapters with questions. You are allowed to use your
human anatomy & physiology notebook, lab reports, the matrices, and even this
study guide for the final exam. Good luck and make sure you study. Remember
this is the end of school year, so you need to do well on the final exam.
Chapter 9: The General and Special Senses: (Pgs. 292 – 325)
1. What are the special senses?
The special senses are taste, smell, hearing, vision, and touch.
2. What is the iris of the eye?
It is the pigmented or colored portion of the eye.
Chapter 10: The Endocrine System: (Pgs. 330 – 356)
1. What controls the hormone levels?
Negative feedback controls hormone levels.
2. What pituitary hormone allows egg development in the ovaries and sperm
development in the testes?
The follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) allows egg development and
sperm development.
3. Draw a picture of the endocrine system? (Figure 10-1: Pg. 333)
Chapter 11: The Cardiovascular System: Blood: (Pgs. 364 – 384)
1. What makes up blood?
Blood is made up blood cells, plasma, cell fragments, and formed
elements.
2. Where are red blood cells formed?
Red blood cells are formed in the red bone marrow.
3. What is the function of white blood cells?
The function of white blood cells is to defend or protect the body
against infectious organisms.
Chapter 12: The Cardiovascular System: The Heart: (Pgs. 388 – 407)
1. What part of the heart does blood return to from the lungs?
It returns to the left atrium from the lungs.
2. Where are the pacemaker cells of the heart located?
The pacemaker cells are located in the SA node.
3. What are the three layers of the heart wall?
The three layers of the heart wall are the epicardium, myocardium,
and endocardium.
4. Draw a picture of the heart. (Figure 12-5 – Pg. 394)
Chapter 14: The Lymphatic System and Immunity: (Pgs. 452 – 475)
1. What is the main function of the lymphatic system?
The main function of the lymphatic system is to produce and maintain
lymphocytes.
2. What cells are mainly responsible for immunity?
Lymphocytes and macrophages are mainly responsible for immunity.
3. What cells are actively involved in immunological surveillance?
The natural killer cells (NK cells) are mainly involved in
immunological surveillance.
Chapter 15: The Respiratory System: (Pgs. 482 – 507)
1. What is the common passageway shared by the respiratory and digestive
systems?
The pharynx is the common passageway shared by the respiratory
and digestive systems.
2. What is the site of gas exchange within the lungs?
The alveoli are the site of gas exchange within the lungs.
3. Draw a picture of the respiratory system? (Figure 15-1 – Pg. 484)
Chapter 16: The Digestive System: (Pgs. 514 – 544)
1. What is digestion?
It is the chemical breakdown of food.
2. What does the enzyme pepsin digests?
Pepsin digests proteins.
3. Where is bile stored?
Bile is stored in the gall bladder.
4.
Draw a picture of the digestive system. (Figure 16-1 – Pg. 516)
Chapter 18: The Urinary System: (Pgs. 578 – 604)
1. Where is urine produced?
Urine is produced in the kidney.
2. What is Bowman’s capsule?
It is the large end of the nephron.
3. What is the main function or the proximal convoluted tubule?
The main function of the proximal convoluted tubule is absorption of
ions, organic molecules, vitamins, and water.
4. What is the glomerulus?
It is the collection of capillaries that are found within the renal
corpuscle.
5. What organs of the urinary system allow urine transport?
The urethra and ureters allow urine transport.
6. Draw a picture of the urinary system. (Figure 18-1 – Pg. 580)
Chapter 19: The Reproductive System: (Pgs. 612 – 636)
1. What is involved with the reproductive system?
The reproductive system involves the following:
i. glands and organs that release fluids
ii. gonads
iii. external genitalia
iv. ducts that receive and transport the gametes
2. Where are sperm cells mainly stored?
The sperm cells are mainly stored in the epididymis.
3. Where does sperm production occur?
Sperm production occurs in the seminiferous tubules.
4. What hormone is responsible for male’s secondary sexual characteristics?
Testosterone is the hormone responsible for male’s secondary sexual
characteristics.
5. What does semen contain?
Semen contains enzymes, seminal fluid, nutrients, and spermatozoans.
6. How does the hormone oxytocin help in the birth process?
It helps by stimulating the uterine wall contractions.
7. When does an increase of the luteinizing hormone (LH) occur during the
ovarian cycle?
It starts to increase during ovulation.
8. Where does fertilization normally happen?
It normally happens in the fallopian tube.
9. Draw a picture of the male reproductive system. (Figure 19-1 – Pg. 614)
10. Draw a picture of the female reproductive system. (Figure 19-8 (a) – Pg. 623)