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Name_____________________________________Date______________Hour______ Bio 134 15.2 DNA: Evidence of Evolution p. 423 - 430 Essential Question Main Idea Multiple lines of evidence support the theory of evolution What did On the origin of specieshow natural selection might operate demonstrate? What also did it provide? Evidence that evolution has occurred on our planet What does a theory explain? How some aspect of the natural world operates What does the thory of evolution All organisms on Earth have descended from a common state? ancestor What do fossils provide? A record of species that lived long ago Important source of information for determining the ancestry of organism and patterns of evolution Why is the fossil record important? What is a transitional fossil? Fossil that contains features shared by different species What characterisits does the Features of modern birds and dinosaurs as well. Archeoptrix have? Derived Trait Newly evolved features, such as feathers, that do NOT appear in the fossils of common ancestors Ancestral Trait More primitive features, such as teeth and tails, that do appear in ancestral forms Homologous structures anatomically similar structures inherited from a common ancestor Example of homologous Bird Wings and reptile limbs (similar shape and construction) strucutres: Vestigial structures Structures that are reduced forms of functional structures in other organisms. Example of vestigial structures Snake pelvis - attachment point for legs in nonfunctional Kiwi wings - too small to be of use Appendix - limited use in humans Analogous structures Structures that can be used for the same purpose and can be sperficially similar in construction, but are NOT inherite from a common ancestor.. Example of analogous structures Embryo Wings of an Eagle or Beetle Early, pre-birth stage of an organisms development Example of what was explained Island have more plant diversity than animal by migration patterns plants are more able to migrate from closest mainland as seeds (by wind or birds) Biogeography Study of the distribution of plants and animals around the world What are the 5 topics that offer evidence for evolution 1 Fossil Record 2 Comparative anatomy 3 Comparative embryology 4 Comparative biochemistry 5 Geographical distribution What is an adaptation? Trait shaped by natural selection that increases an organism's reproductive success. Fitness Measure of the relative contribution an individual trait makes to the next generation The BETTER an organism is adapted to its environment, the GREATER its chances of survivaland reproductive success Camoflauge Morphological adaptations that allow them to blend in with their environments Mimicry A morphological adaptation where one species evolves to resemble another species When a species of bacteria is resistant to a particular antibiotic What is antimicrobrial resistance? What do many scientists think is A consequence of the evolution of big brains and upright the reason for helplessness of human babies? posture