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Chapter 10 – The Roman Republic
Section 3 – The Late Republic
Essential Questions: What factors contributed to the decline of the Roman Republic? What was the impact of the
Punic Wars on the development of the Roman Empire?
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II.
III.
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V.
Growth of Territory and Trade
A. After about 400 BC the Roman Republic grew both ___________________ and
______________________.
B. Within _______ years the Roman army had conquered nearly all of _____________.
C. Roman traders had begun to ship goods throughout the ________________________.
Growth of Territory
A. Roman territory grew mainly in response to outside ______________.
B. A people called the __________ attacked Rome in 380 BC. Unable to defeat them, the Romans
had to give the Gauls a huge amount of __________ to leave the city.
C. Seeing this victory by the Gauls, neighboring cities decided to __________ the Romans. The
Romans were able to ____________ and take over their land.
D. One reason for the Roman success was the organization of ____________, groups of up to
__________ soldiers. Each legion was divided into _____________, or groups of _______
soldiers, which allowed the army to fight as a large group or as several small ones.
Farming and Trade
A. As the ______________ grew, many people left their ___________ and decided to live in Rome.
B. They left their farms in the hands of ___________ who were in charge of growing one or two
____________.
C. Roman ___________ also expanded as the Republic grew because farmers couldn’t grow
enough __________ to support the growing __________________.
D. ____________ brought food from other parts of the Mediterranean. They also brought
_________ goods and slaves to Rome.
E. To pay for these goods, the Romans made _________ out of copper, __________, and other
metals.
Rome grows beyond Italy
A. As Rome’s power ______________, other countries felt threatened and declared _______ on
them.
B. The Romans defeated the opponents and gained _____________ throughout the
Mediterranean.
The Punic Wars
A. The fiercest of the wars Rome fought were the ___________ _________, a series of wars
against ______________, a city in northern Africa.
B. __________ and Carthage went to war __________ times between 264 and 146 BC.
C. The wars began when Carthage sent its enemies to _______________ and the Romans
responded by sending an _____________ to the island as well.
D. After almost __________ years of fighting, the Romans forced their enemies out and took
control of Sicily.
E. In ______________ BC, Carthage’s brilliant general, _________________, tried to attack Rome.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
F. Hannibal nearly ________________ the Roman army, but before he could, Rome attacked
Carthage. Hannibal rushed home to defend his city, but his troops were defeated at _________.
G. In 140 BC, ________________ was becoming powerful again. Romans sent an army to
______________ Carthage again.
H. After this victory, the Romans ______________ the city, _____________ most of its people,
and ____________ the rest of the people into slavery. They also took control of northern Africa.
Later Expansion
A. During the 120s BC, Rome took control of Sicily, Corsica, ____________, North Africa, Gaul,
___________, and parts of _____________.
B. Although the Romans took over Greece, they did not _____________ Roman ideas. Instead,
they ______________ ideas about literature, art, philosophy, religion, and education from the
______________.
Crises Strike the Republic
A. As The Romans’ territory grew, _______________ arose in the republic.
B. Rich citizens were getting richer, and many feared that _____________ would erupt between
rich and poor.
Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
A. ________________, took office in 133 BC, wanted to create ____________ for poor Romans to
keep them happy and prevent ________________.
B. These lands were originally _______________ taken by wealthy citizens. This public supported
the idea, but wealthy citizens _______________. This led to _________ and Tiberius was killed.
C. A few years later ____________ tried to create new farms and began to sell food cheaply to
Rome’s poor citizens.
D. Like his brother, Gaius _____________ many powerful Romans and was ____________ for his
ideas.
Marius and Sulla
A. In 107 BC the Roman army desperately needed more _______________. A consul named Gaius
Marius encouraged poor people to ___________ the army.
B. As a result of this change, thousands of ______________ and ______________ citizens joined
Rome’s army.
C. Because Marius was a good general, his troops were more ___________ to him than they were
to Rome. This set an example for ____________ politicians.
D. Lucius Cornelius ______________ became consul in 88 BC. Soon after, he came into conflict
with Marius causing a __________ _______, or a war between the citizens of the same country,
in Rome.
E. Sulla defeated Marius and named himself ________ and used his power to punish his enemies.
Spartacus
A. Not long after Sulla died, thousands of __________ led by a former gladiator,
________________, rose up and demanded freedom.
B. Spartacus and his followers ______________ an army sent to stop them and took over much of
southern ______________.
C. Eventually Spartacus was ______________ in battle and without his leadership the revolt fell
apart leading the Romans to execute _____________ rebellious slaves as an example.
D. The rebellion was over, but the Republic’s _____________ were not.