Download Challenging the Authority of the Catholic Church

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Place your homework (the dinner party!) in the
bin.
Look over your Renaissance Notes
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BJOTD: What did the alien say to the gardener?
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When the computer is free, email me the link to
your Prezi.
Work on the Reformation Reading guide using
the purple book!
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Work with a partner next to you to go over the
answers from your last quiz
What did you miss? What were you good on? What
are your weaknesses?
 What do you think you can do to improve your
grade next time?
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1 week
Must be written by HAND
Can use all notes and activities
Opportunity to earn extra points (50!!) in the
purple category!
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On the back of your homework from last night
(the Reading Guide) please title the blank page
“Bellringer 9/22/11” and complete this t-chart
Classroom Activity
The Reformation
•The school attempted to raise
money by selling points to
students
•·Students who performed
poorly on the quiz or other
assignments were told they
could still earn high grades by
selling points
• Students who honored the
academic process or who
couldn’t afford points were
troubled by the policy, believing
it unfair.
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BJOTD: Where does Santa hide his money?
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The Students will know:
What simony, usury, and indulgences are
 Who was Martin Luther, Jan Huss, and John Wycliffe
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The Students will understand:
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People desired a change in the way the Catholic Church
was run in Europe
The Students will be able to:
Describe Martin Luther’s actions leading to the Protestant
Reformation
 List 3 reasons why people wanted church reform
 Identify two earlier reformers of the church prior to
Luther
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Even before the Renaissance,
people were critical of the
Catholic Church.
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Nobles in Germany and England
hated the Italian domination of the
Church
Merchants challenged the church’s
view of no usury
 Usury: lending money at a high rate
of interest
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Common Complaints:
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Many priests were illiterate
Nuns and priests were
having illegitimate children
Church officials were
charging to see holy remains
and objects
Simony: the practice of
paying for a church position
Indulgences: They are
certificates issued by the
church for money that
would reduce or cancel
punishment for your sins
FREEDOM FROM
SIN
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John Wycliffe (1328-1384)
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Catholic Priest and reformer
Beliefs
 Felt that the church (and its officials) should be poor
 Believed that church officials should not interfere with
the government of a country
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Jan Huss (1372-1415)
From Bohemia
 Influenced by the ideas of John Wycliffe
 Teacher at the University of Prague
 Preached the ideas of Wycliffe and spoke out against
indulgences
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Jan Huss ends up being
put on trial and burned at
the stake for heresy
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Heresy: a proposed change
to a system of beliefs that
conflicts with the established
system
July 6th is considered a
holiday in the Czech
Republic
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The Renaissance values of humanism,
individualism, and secularism stimulated
widespread criticism of the Catholic Church
Why?
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People began to think for and about themselves, and
wondered why the Church, who abused their power,
had so much of it.
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A religious movement during the 1500s that
attempted to reform the Roman Catholic
Church, and resulted in the creation of
Protestant churches.
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Who: German priest and
reformer
Views:
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Salvation by faith
 A person can go to heaven based on
faith alone
The Bible is the ultimate authority of
religion
 All humans are equal before god
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Why did Pope Leo increase the sales of
indulgences?
What is an indulgence?
Why was it beneficial for people to buy an
indulgence?
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Pope Leo X (and
Johann Tetzel) was
trying to raise money
to rebuild St. Peter’s
Basilica in Rome
So he sold
INDULGENCES and
church positions
Luther did not agree
with this
"As soon as a coin in the coffer rings / the
soul from purgatory springs”
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Professor in Wittenburg, Germany
Lectured on a regular basis against the church’s
actions that he deemed corrupt
On October 31, 1517 he nailed his “95 Theses”
to the door of the Wittenburg church.
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Said that the Catholic Church was corrupt in
Germany
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Sales of Indulgences went down
Luther published more essays advocating
Justification by Faith
Pope Leo X sent people to try to stop Luther
but he refused to stop
So the Pope excommunicated Luther from the
Catholic Church
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Excommunicated: kicked out of the church
Those who believed in Luther’s ideas became
Lutherans
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Who: French religious
scholar and pastor
1536: Calvin wrote
“Institutions of Christian
Religion” which outlined
his beliefs and helped
spread the Protestant
Movement
Views:
Predestination: God has
already decided who will be
saved (faith/good works
won’t help!)
 Your faith is revealed by
living a righteous life
 You need to have a strong
work ethic (work hard!)
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All citizens had to
attend Reformed
church services
several times a week
The Consistory
inspected homes
annually to make sure
that no one was
disobeying laws
Harsh punishments
were dispensed to
people who
disobeyed the laws
NO…
 Drunkenness
 Fighting
 Swearing
 Gambling
 Card playing
 Dancing
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Followers: Calvinists
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Scotland: John Knox adapted Calvin’s views and
created Presbyterianism
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Had some women troubles….
How many wives did he have? What was the
song?
Why did he come into conflict with the church,
do you think?
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Who: King of England
from 1509 until his
death
Needed: a son!
He didn’t think his wife
Catherine of Aragon
could give him one, so
he needed a divorce.
 Divorce is illegal in the
Catholic Church, and
the pope refused to
annul the marriage.
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1529-Henry left the
Catholic Church
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Passed the Act of Supremacy:
a law that declared the King
of England the head of the
Church in England (instead
of the Pope!)
He also stole all of the $$$
from the Catholic
Churches in England.
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Who ruled after Henry VIII?
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What religion were each of these individuals?
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What religion was Elizabeth?
What policies did she encourage amongst her
people concerning religion?
What else was she known for?
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Who: Queen of England
after her brother Edward
and her sister Mary both
died
Made Anglicanism the
official religion of
England
Encouraged religious
tolerance (letting people
believe in what they
wanted to believe)
Defeated the Spanish
Armada
Poll: This individual believed that he had the...
Poll: This individual believed that God has al...
Poll: This person signed the Act of Supremacy.
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Using your homework, on a piece of paper labeled
“Bellringer 9/26/11” (# 15 in your notebook)
please answer the following questions (you don’t
have to write the questions down!):
How did Luther feel about the Church? Why?
 How did Henry VIII feel about the Church? Why?
 How did Elizabeth I feel about her new Church? Why?
Use your notes!
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BJOTD: Why couldn’t the bike stand up on its
own?
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A movement to change the Catholic Church in
response to Protestant rebellions
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What the Counter Reformation Did:
 eliminated abuses
 clarified Catholic theology, or religious beliefs
 re-established the pope’s authority over church
members
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Date: 1545-1563
Purpose: to redefine the teachings of the
Catholic Church
Result(s):
Forbade selling indulgences
 Created religious schools
 Confirmed that Catholics achieve salvation by faith
and good works
 Restarted the Inquisition
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 Inquisition: religious court responsible for finding and
punishing heretics (people against the church)
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Baroque:
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style that emphasized
emotion, complexity,
and exaggeration
(This is Gian Lorenzo
Bernini’s “Apollo and
Daphne”)
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Other Name: Jesuits
Founder: Ignatius of Loyola
What did they do?
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Went to different countries to try and convert people
to Catholicism
Opened universities in many countries
Became advisors to royal courts
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What were three changes that the Catholic
Church made to try and fix its reputation?
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France
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Protestants in
France: Huguenots
St. Bartholomew’s
Day Massacre
(August 24, 1572)
 What happened?
 3,000 Huguenots killed
in France in one day
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Edict of Nantes passed in 1598
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Law passed in France that gave Huguenots religious
freedom
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Please turn in your Remediation to the bin.
Use your notes to answer the worksheet on the
social changes.
Objective: SWBAT assess the effects of relevant
social changes during the Renaissance and
Reformation as well as review for an upcoming
test.
BJOTD: Why did the baker bake more bread?
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The Peasant’s Revolt
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Serfs demanded: freedom from serfdom
Luther said: show them no mercy!
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Princes split into two sides
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One group supported the Pope
One group supported Luther’s ideas
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Meeting of German princes in the HRE
Decision: the religion of each German state
could be decided by its ruler
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What two agreements began the ideas of
religious tolerance in Europe?
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Fought
between the
Hapsburgs
(Catholic
Ruling
Family) and
the German
Protestant
Princes
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The Thirty Year War was a conflict over
religion, territory, and for power among
European ruling families.
Hapsburg Family (Catholics) was
winning
1.
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They had more money—so what?
2. In the end, the Hapsburg Family was
defeated
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The French began to fear that the Hapsburgs
were gaining too much power so the French
got involved.
Cardinal Richelieu: a French religious and
political leader who supported the German
princes
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Because Cardinal Richelieu went against his
religion of Catholicism, he changed the war
from a religious war (Protestant vs. Catholics)
to a political war (Hapsburg ruling family vs.
the French nobility)
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Ended the 30 Year War
Results:
1st: Weakened the Hapsburg states of Spain and
Austria
 2nd: Strengthened France by awarding it German
territory
 3rd: Ended Religious Wars in Europe
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The Renaissance had been a “rebirth” in
Europe of learning, ideas, and beauty.
The Protestant Reformation stemmed from the
questioning that humanism encouraged
The Catholic Reformation was a response to
the abuses the Protestant Reformation brought
to light
In the end, Europe is religiously divided
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1. What country or empire do you feel was
most affected by Luther’s 95 Theses? Why?
2. Why did the German princes use the
opportunity of Luther’s 95 Theses to break
away from the Church?
3. What was the importance of Cardinal
Richelieu to the 30 Years War?