Download Federal form of government

Lijin Golden












From where the word Federalism is derived?
What is Jurisdiction?
Two forms of govt under democracy
What is the meaning of Federal form of govt?
What is the meaning of Unitary form of govt?
Key features of Federalism?
Key features of Unitary form of govt?
Which are the nations are practicing- Federalism
Which are the nations are practicing- Unitary
Merits and demerits of federalism?
Various routes of Federalism- Coming together
federation and holding together federation.
How the powers divided between centre and stateUnion list, State list and Concurrent list.
From where the federalism is derived

The word federalism derived from latin word
‘Foedus’ which means Treaty or an agreement .
Jurisdiction

The area over which someone has legal authority.
The area may be defined in terms of geographical
boundaries or in terms of certain kinds of subject.
Two forms of Govt under Democracy
Unitary Form of Government
 Federal Form of Government
Unitary form of government
Under this system the main powers are given to
the Central Government. The central govt
creates state govts, regional govts and local govts.
They are the subordinate of central govt. They are
enjoy the powers only transferred by Central govt.
Federal form of government
Is a system of govt in which the powers is divided
between a Central authority and various
constituent units of the country, both having
independent powers.

Key features of Federalism
There are two or more levels (tiers) of govt.
 Different tiers of govt govern the same citizens.
 Each tier has its own jurisdiction- specific
matters of legislation, taxation and administration.
 The jurisdictions of the respective levels or tiers of
govt are specified in constitution. The existence
and authority of each tier of govt is constitutionally
guaranteed.
 Federalism- written and rigid constitution and
cannot change easily. It is declared as the
supreme law of the land.

There is a special Judicial authority (Courts) to
interpret the constitution and powers of different levels
of govt. The highest court acts as an umpire if
disputes arise between different levels of govt in the
exercise of their respective powers.
 There is a separate allocation of revenue for the
centre and state govt.
 The federal system thus has dual objectives :
1. It should safeguard the country as well as
promote the unity of the country.
2. To promote unity it should recognize and
respect the regional diversity.
Thus the two levels of govt are expected to work
together with trust and cooperation. Each level is
expected to work its best towards the national and
state issues, thus strengthening the entire country.

Key Features of Unitary
It is a system of govt in which there is one
Central govt to run the entire country.
 The country may be divided in to units only for
administrative purposes.
 There is no strict division of power between
the centre and the units.
 The centre are the mere agents of the country.
 The power and authority to the units are
delegated to them by the Central govt.
 A country with unitary form of govt has single
citizenship.

World Nations under Federal & Unitary
FEDERAL FORM OF GOVT
 192 Nations- Only 25 nations Federal form
 40 per cent of world population.
 Most of the large countries of the World.
USA, Canada, Argentina, Australia, Austria,
Belgium, Brazil, Germany, India, Mexico, Spain,
Nigeria, Ethiopia, Venezuela, Russia, Malaysia,
South Africa, Pakistan and Switzerland.
UNITARY FORM OF GOVT
Sri Lanka, France, Italy, Japan, UK, China and
North Korea.
Merits of Federal form of Govt
It is suitable for big countries with diversities.
 It is enables to settlement of regional and local
problems.
 It prevents the concentration of power and
check the power of the authoritarian government.
 Greater efficiency in administration.
 The work is distributed between central
government and state government.

Demerits (Drawbacks) Federalism
The power of state are reduced.
 Conflicts often arise in between Central and
State government.
 These disputes and struggles may hamper the
integrity of the nation.
 Inconsistencies in between the internal and
external affairs.
 Immediate legal remedies to meet the
changing in socio- economic circumstances

To find out different routes of Federalism
(or)
Formation (origin) of Federal System- Explain
(or)
To make a comparison between ‘Coming
together’ federation and ‘holding together
federation
(or)
Meaning of ‘Coming together’ federation and
‘holding together federation
The balance of power between central and state
govt varies from one federation to another.
 This balnce depends mainly on the historical
context in which the federation was formed.
 There are two kinds of routes through which the
federation have been formed.

1. Coming together federation
2. Holding together federation
Coming together federation
Under this route, various independent states
agree to come together and form a single big
unit. It helps in pooling all the resources for
better and efficient management of all the
states through one central unit. In this type of
federation, all the states have equal powers
among themselves and are strong in relation to
the central government.
Eg : USA, Switzerland and Australia
Holding together federations

Under this route, a large units decides to share
its powers between one central unit and several
small units. The power is divided among the
central authority and various state authorities.
In this type of federation, states do not have
equal power among themselves and the centre
is relatively stronger in comparison to the state.
Eg : India, Spain and Belgium
(In India the central govt is more powerful to
compare with state governments.)
 How
are powers divided between the
state and Centre?
(or)
 Indian constitution clearly provided a
three fold distribution of legislative
powers between centre and stateDiscus
(or)
 Meaning- Union list, State list and
Concurrent list.
The Indian constitution clearly provided a three
fold distribution of legislative powers between
Union (central) government and State
governments. It contains three lists.
UNION LISTS
STATE LIST
CONCURRENT LIST
UNION LIST
It includes the subject of national importance.
The central govt alone can make decision on
these matters. The aim of including these matters
in union list is to ensure uniformity in the policy of
these areas throughout the country.
It includes 97 subjects.
Defence, Finance, External affairs, Railway,
Banking, Atomic energy, War and peace,
Interstate migration, Currency,
Communication, Duties of customs and
census.
STATE LIST
It includes matters of State level importance.
The state government alone can make decision
on these areas.
It includes 66 Subjects
Police, Trade, Agriculture, Commerce,
Irrigation, Public order, Public health and
Sanitation and Fisheries
(Emergency period- Central govt will
control these things)
CONCURRENT LIST
It include those subjects which are common
interests to both the central as well as state
governments. Both the central and state
governments can make decision on these
matters.
It includes- 47 subjects
Education, Forest, Marriage, Divorce,
Population control, civil and criminal
procedure and Trade unions
If any subjects do not fall in any of the three
lists, according to Indian constitution , the
union government has the power to legislate
on these ‘residuary’ subjects. (what is left
over)
Eg : Software/ IT
The power of Central govt to control these
residuary subjects is known as ‘Residuary
Power’