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QUASI FEDERATION
INTRODUCTION
Prof. K. C Wheare calls Indian Polity as
Quasi Federal
INDIA DOES NOT STRICTLY CONFORM
TO THE FEDERAL FEATURES
Dual citizenship
Parallel system of Judiciary
Rigidity of Constitution
The Constitution of India has following
federal features
Double Govt.
Separation of powers
Written constitution
Distinction between constitution and
ordinary law
INDIAN SYSTEM CONTAINS FOLLOWING
UNITARY FEATURES
 Central govt can send directions to the state govt.
 The governors are to be appointed by the President
 Parliament may change the boundaries of any state
 Centre enjoys the residuary powers
 Centre even has control over the state list
 Laws passed by the state legislatures may be
reserved for the consideration of the President
 Central Reserve Police force
 States have to seek grants from the union
INDIAN SYSTEM CONTAINS FOLLOWING
UNITARY FEATURES
Failure of constitutional machinery in the
state President assume all the powers
Financial emergency
Single citizenship
Single judicial system
All India services