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FOSS Science
Living Systems
CONTENT CHART -- Investigation 1, Part 1 Circulation
What do cells need to stay alive? Water, food, gas exchange, and waste disposal
How do cells get the things they need to survive? The circulatory system delivers water, sugar,
and oxygen to cells and carries waste carbon dioxide away from cells.
What is the general path taken by blood through the circulatory system? Path taken by the
blood: from the body to the right atrium of the heart, to the right ventricle, to the lungs, to the left
atrium, to the left ventricle, into arteries that flow into capillaries, which are in contact with cells. Blood
returns to the heart in the veins.
What happens if waste products are not filtered from the blood? If too much waste builds up in
cells, the cells will die.
Why is it important for blood to circulate through the lungs? It is important to remove CO2 from
the blood, add O2 to the blood, and remove nutrients from the blood.
CONTENT CHART – Investigation 1, Part 2 Digestion
How do cells in humans get the nutrients they need? The digestion system reduces food to
nutrients. Nutrients pass out of the digestive system into the bloodstream for transport to all cells.
How does the digestive system work? Physical and chemical processes break complex food into
simple substances as it progresses from the mouth through the esophagus to the stomach, small
intestine, large intestine, and colon.
How are cellular wastes removed from the blood? Blood filters through the kidneys, which
remove cellular wastes, convert them to urine, and store them in the bladder.
CONTENT CHART – Investigation 2, Part 1 Vascular Plants
What structures do vascular plants have for transporting water? Internal tubes called xylem
carry water and minerals from plant roots to its leaves.
What structures do vascular plants have for transporting sugar? Internal tubes called phloem
carry sugar-rich sap from a plant’s cells that produce sugar to its cells that do not produce sugar.
How are the circulatory system in animals and the vascular system in plants different from
each other? The circulatory system transports blood around the body. The vascular system has two
parts. Xylem transports water and minerals up, and phloem transports sugar down and to all the cells
of the plant.
How are the circulatory system in animals and the vascular system in plants similar to each
other? Both systems transport food and water to cells.
How does water in the ground travel to the leaves at the top of a tree? Water enters the tree
through the roots. The water flows up the roots and tree in the xylem tubes. The xylem tubes carry
the water all the way to the leaves at the top of the tree.
CONTENT CHART – Investigation 2, Part 2 Leaf Classification
How do scientists organize objects and information? Scientists classify things by putting them in
groups or classes based on similar properties or behaviors.
CONTENT CHART – Investigation 3, Part 1 Making Sugar
What is photosynthesis? Photosynthesis is the process in which sugar (food) is made from carbon
dioxide, water, and solar energy, and oxygen is released.
What are the products of photosynthesis? Oxygen, water, and sugar are the products of
photosynthesis.
Where do each of the products of photosynthesis go? Oxygen goes into the air, water goes into
cells and the air, and sugar goes into the phloem
Why do plants produce their own food? To provide food and energy to the cells of the plant
How do plants use the food produced in photosynthesis? When plant cells break down the
sugar to CO2 and water, energy is released. The cells use the energy.
CONTENT CHART – Investigation 3, Part 2 Using Sugar
What is cellular respiration? Cellular respiration is the process by which plant and animal cells
break down sugar to get energy, releasing carbon dioxide in the process.
What is sap and why do plants need it? Sap is excess sugar made in the leaves, the sugar rich
liquid that flows form the phloem to plant cells that do not make their own food (sugar).
Photosynthesis:
6 CO2 + 12 H20 + solar energy
carbon + water +
dioxide
light
C6H12O6 + 6 O2
+ 6 H2O
sugar + oxygen + water