Download APES review #2

APES review #2
Global Warming (aka a Chinese conspiracy)
Consequences
Decrease your contribution
• Rising Sea level
• Biomes shift to higher latitudes
• Melting ice caps and glaciers
• Change in precipitation patterns
• Hotter weather
• More extreme weather
• Coral bleaching
• Consume less
• Eat more veggies less meat
• Carpool
• Conserve energy at home
• Shorter showers / less hot water
• Use energy efficient appliances
5 greenhouse gasses
• CO2, CH4, N2O, CFCs, H20
• Only H2O is not human produced except in some steam emissions
from cooling towers
Revolutionary changes
• Earth 4.5 billion years old
• Life 3.5 billion years on this planet
• Dinosaurs extinct 65 million years ago
• Homo sapiens 200,000 years ago
• Homo sapiens sapiens (us) on the scene 50,000 years ago
• Agricultural revolution 10,000 years ago
• Industrial revolution 200 years ago
• Green revolution 50-60 years ago
Ozone depleting gases
• CFCs and methyl bromide
• Montreal Protocol works to ban ODC – ozone depleting chemicals
• HCFC - hydrocholoroflourocarbons – used to replace CFC after they
were banned but these are a potent greenhouse gas so they are now
being phased out at well
In a scrub ecosystem (trails on campus
• Biotic – oak trees, gopher tortoise (keystone species), pine trees,
lichens
• Abiotic – sandy soil, high sun exposure, low water availability, nutrient
poor soils
Energy Processes
• Photosynthesis (Green Plants)
sunlight +water + carbon dioxide  oxygen + sugars
• Respiration (All living things)
oxygen + sugars  ATP +water + carbon dioxide
• ATP is molecular energy storage
Biodiversity – the variety of life composed of richness (# of
different species & evenness – relative # of individuals in
each species
• Generalist – broad niche, many diet options
• Specialist – very specific niche, narrow range of conditions for survival
• Invasive species – introduced to an area they don’t belong and
outcompetes / over grows others
• Keystone species – more important than numbers dictate, supports
the whole habitat by their activity
• Indicator species – their health / numbers tell us the condition of the
environment
• Endemic species – found one place and nowhere else in the world
Biomes
• Large land areas characterized by similar climatic conditions (temp
and precipitation) and vegetation type
Biomes
Biome
Location
Tropical Rainforest
Climate
High temp, high precip
Temperate deciduous
forest
North America, Europe
Seasonal temp,
moderate precip
Taiga
Canada, Russia
Colder winters, lower
precip
Tropical Grassland
High temp, low rainfall
but wet season
Temperate Grassland
Seasonal temp, semi
arid
Tundra
North Canada, North
Russia
Low precip, arid & cold
Desert
30˚ north – sahara,
Gobi, Australia
Lowest precip, arid &
extreme temps
plants
animals
Eutrophication is
• The natural or artificial enhancement of a body of water, particularly
with respect to nitrates and phosphates, that results in depletion of
the oxygen content of the water
• It is accelerated by human activities that add detergents, sewage or
agricultural fertilizers to bodies of water
Eutrophication Process overview
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Increase in nitrates and phosphates
Rapid growth of algae
Accumulation of dead organic material
High rate of decomposition
Decrease in oxygen
Ocean acidification
• Increase CO2 in the atmosphere
• Increase CO2 dissolution in the ocean surface
• H2O + CO2  H2CO3 (carbonic acid)
• Ocean pH drops (becomes more acidic)
• Effects CaCO3 using organisms making it hard for shell formation,
skeleton formation – loss of reefs among other threats from this