Download AMH Chapter 7 Section 3

Chapter 7
Section 3
U.S. & China
• Although the U.S. had
been trading with
nations like Japan in
Asia, the Chinese
market excited
American business
leaders, especially
those in the clothing
(textiles), oil, and steel
industries.
War in Asia
• In 1894 China and Japan
went to war over Korea,
part of the Chinese
empire.
– Japan had easily crushed
China.
• The peace treaty gave
Japan a region of China
called Manchuria.
• Russia did not like this
because Manchuria
bordered Russia.
Manchuria
• The Russians forced
Japan to return
Manchuria, then
demanded that China
lease it to Russia.
• The territory would still
belong to China but be
under Russian control.
Sphere of Influence
• Then Germany, France,
and Britain also wanted
China to lease territory
to them.
• Each leased area
became the center of a
sphere of influence
where a foreign nation
controlled economic
development.
Open Door Policy
• The United States
supported an Open
Door policy in which all
countries could trade
with China.
• The U.S. Secretary of
State asked nations
with leaseholds in China
to allow other nations
to trade freely within
China.
Boxer Rebellion
• In the meantime, secret
Chinese societies such as
the Boxers were working
to rid China of foreign
control.
• In the 1900 Boxer
Rebellion, the Boxers
seized foreign embassies
in Beijing and killed more
than 200 foreigners.
• An international force
crushed the rebellion.
Election of 1900
• In the election of 1900, Theodore Roosevelt
was President McKinley’s running mate. They
won. On September 6, 1901, McKinley was
shot by an anarchist. He died a few days later.
TR
• At 42, Roosevelt
became the youngest
president ever.
• Roosevelt supported
the Open Door policy in
China.
• He also helped to end a
war between Japan and
Russia in 1905.
Panama Canal
• In 1903, Roosevelt decided
to build a canal through
Panama, which was then
part of Colombia.
• President Roosevelt felt that
a canal through central
America was important to
American’s power in the
world.
• The United States offered
Colombia $10 million and a
yearly rent for the right to
build the canal.
• Colombia refused the offer.
Colombia & Panama
• The people of Panama, however, wanted the
benefits of having a canal.
• They also wanted independence from
Colombia. Officials in Panama planned an
uprising.
• Roosevelt sent ships to prevent Colombia from
interfering.
Panama’s Independence
• In 1903, the United
States recognized
Panama’s
independence, and the
two nations signed a
treaty allowing the
canal to be built.
Roosevelt Corollary
• Roosevelt’s approach to
diplomacy came to be called
the Roosevelt Corollary.
• It stated that the United States
would intervene in Latin
America when necessary to
help the Western Hemisphere
stay stable.
• The Roosevelt Corollary was
first used to help the
Dominican Republic, which
had fallen behind on its debt
payments to Europe.
Dollar Diplomacy
• President Taft
continued Roosevelt’s
policies but focused
more on industry
development than
military force.
– This became known as
dollar diplomacy.
Mexico
• Porfirio Díaz ruled Mexico
until 1911.
– Under his rule, most
Mexicans were poor and
landless.
– They revolted.
• Francisco Madero replaced
Díaz, but he proved to be a
poor leader.
• General Victoriano Huerta
had Madero murdered and
seized power IN 1913.
Wilson’s Attitude on Mexico
• President Wilson opposed imperialism, but he
believed that the United States should
promote democracy.
– He therefore refused to recognize Huerta’s
government.
• In April 1914, American sailors visiting Mexico
were arrested for entering a restricted area.
– Mexico quickly released them, but refused to
apologize.
Overthrowing Huerta
• Wilson used this as an
opportunity to
overthrow Huerta.
– Anti-American riots
followed this action.
• Venustiano Carranza
became the Mexican
president.
Pancho Villa
• Mexican forces opposed
to Carranza carried out
raids into the United
States.
• Guerrillas led by Pancho
Villa burned the town of
Columbus, New Mexico.
• Sixteen Americans died.
• Guerrilla fighters use
surprise attacks and
sabotage instead of open
warfare.
American Response
• Wilson sent General
“Blackjack” John
Pershing and his
soldiers or troops into
Mexico to capture Villa,
but they failed.
• Wilson’s actions in
Mexico hurt U.S. foreign
relations.
Latin America
• Wilson continued to
interfere in Latin
American countries in
an attempt to help
support democracy.
• An example involved
him negotiating
exclusive rights for
naval bases and a canal
with Nicaragua.