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Ways to the Center, D.Carmody and T. Brink Questions on chapter 5, Judaism Identify the following individuals. Know when and where they lived. Amos Antiochus Epiphanes Baal Shem Tov Bar Kokhba Ben Asher Cyrus Edith Stein Elijah Emperor Hadrian Herod the Great Job Judah Halevi Maccabees Maimonides Moses Moses de Leon Nebuchadnezzar Nehemiah and Ezra Philo Rabbi Akiba Rabbi Judah The three patriarchs Theodore Herzl Zecharias Frankel Locate and identify the significance following places Qumran Masada Dead Sea Jabneh Cordoba Know the original meaning of the following terms aggadah Hellenism hermeneutics apocalypse Israel Ashkenazim Jew baal judges Babylonian Exile Kabbalah Chariot mysticism kosher Conservative Judaism Levites Diaspora Messiah Early Hasidim mezzuzah el mikvah eschatology Mishnah Essenes Orthodox Judaism exegesis Pentateuch Exilarch Pharisee Gemara pogrom Gentiles Rabbi goyim Reform Judaism halakhah Sadducees Hasidism Satan Hebrew Scribe Sephardim Shavuot shtetl Sukkot synagogue Talmud Tanak tefillin theodicy Thirteen articles Torah tzaddik Yom Kippur Zealot Zionism Zohar Know the following dates and time periods Life of Abraham Beginning of Egyptian sojourn Exodus from Egypt. Beginning of King David’s rule in Jerusalem Fall of Northern Kingdom (Israel) to Assyria Fall of Southern Kingdom (Judah) to Babylon Alexander the Great conquers Palestine Revolt of the Maccabees Romans conquer Jerusalem Romans appoint Herod the Great Romans destroy the Temple in Jerusalem The date by which the canon of the Hebrew Scriptures had been established The Mishnah is promulgated Babylonian Talmud is completed Muslims conquer the Middle East Birth of Rashi in France Birth of Maimonedes in Spain Muslims re-conquer Jerusalem from Crusaders Jews expelled from England and France Jews expelled from Spain and Portugal Jews begin to migrate to Palestine Jews establish communities in U.S.A. – New Amsterdam, Rhode Island Death of the Baal Shem Tov Zionist movement begins State of Israel founded Be able to answer the following questions How does one become Jewish in traditional Jewish law? When did the Prophets begin to appear. What was their main message? Who were the three most famous northern Prophets Who were the two most famous southern Prophets Which of David’s son followed him in the kingship? Jewish law teaches the obligation to get married. What prophet ignored this? Why? What prophet criticized king Jehoiakim. Why? Why did the Babylonians like and honor him? Who is considered greater: Abraham, Moses, or David? Why? Give examples of Wisdom Literature. What is its general message? Under what influence may postmortem reward-and-punishment beliefs have entered Judaism? What new stream of belief is represented in the Book of Daniel. At what period of Jewish history was it probably written? What relationship may exist between the Babylonian exile, and the emergence of a Judaism that placed great emphasis on the observance of numerous behavioral commandments and ritual practices? What was the cause of the Maccabee revolt? How did Herod the Great come to power? What was his general social and cultural goal? What did the Essenes and the Zealots have in common. How did they differ? What four beliefs did Pharisees share with their Christian competitors? What did Scribes, Pharisees, and Rabbis all have in common? What was the difference between the Temple and the Synagogue as institutions? Why did the Synagogue become the major institution in Jewish life? What measures did the Emperor Hadrian take, what was the Jewish response, and what was the final outcome. When did this take place? How is the Mishnah subdivided? Give examples of land animals, birds, and fish which are considered essentially non-kosher. What entire categories of animal are prohibited? What additional requirements exist for meat to be kosher even after the animal is slaughtered? What two kinds of food cannot be mixed? Where was the center of Jewish learning outside of Palestine in the centuries following the destruction of the Temple? What is meant by the proposition that Judaism is more ethical than theological? Give examples of rules governing economic behavior. What are the attitudes of the Rabbis toward marriage and wealth? How many times do adult Jews pray daily? What adults are exempted? Name the five most important holidays of the Jewish year? Which two were originally harvest festivals? What does the minor festival of Hanukkah celebrate? How did Jews fare under Muslim rule? Who are the Masoretes? What did they do to biblical texts? When did they do it? When and why did Sephardic Jews first go to Spain? When and why did they leave en masse? In the time of Maimonides an interest in Torah study as the central goal of the Jew was being challenged by a view that valued some other activity. What other activity? When did Judah Halevi live, and how did he differ from Maimonides? Where did the Kabbalah arise? What are the central foci of this brand of mysticism. What problem arose in the divine essence? How does the focus of the Zohar differ from traditional rabbinic interest? Who founded the Hasidic movement that still exists today? When and where? What was unusual about male/female roles and ideals in the shtetl of Eastern Europe? In the Hasidic tale in the textbook, how did Satan get God to turn against the Jews? How was the local Catholic bishop converted into a servant of Satan? In what way did the Baal Shem Tov behave like a Siberian or an Inuit shaman? What Platonic theme, linking the lower and higher worlds, is found in the story? What quasi-magical amulet was given to him to open the gates, and by whom?: How did the Enlightenment and political emancipation shake the foundations of traditional Judaism? . What alternative to the chosen-people theme and the talmudic learning ideals did the Reform Judaism movement propose. List three practices in which the Conservative movement sides with Reform against Orthodoxy. There is some question as to whether Reconstructionist Judaism is really a religion or Judaism, Why? What is Zionism and who founded Zionism? What was his major contention that justified his plans? What specific political event prompted his view? Why did European Jews become urban rather than rural? List several ways in which the role of women in traditional Judaism clashes with modern views.