Download Classification of Animals

Classification of Animals
Animals
Vertebrates
Invertebrates
Vertebrates
•Animals that are vertebrates
are simply animals with a
backbone.
•Vertebrates have an
endoskeleton.
–It offers support and protects the soft
parts of the animal.
Vertebrates
Vertebrates can either be ectotherms or endotherms.
Ectotherms (cold-blooded)
•Body temperature changes to match their surroundings.
•Endotherms (warm-blooded)
•Regulate their body temperature so that it remains constant
Vertebrates
•Vertebrate animals fall into phylum
chordata.
•The chordate phylum is divided into
classes.
–fish
–amphibians
–reptiles
–birds
–mammals
Vertebrates
This chart shows the vertebrates organized into classes.
Vertebrates
Fish
Amphibians
Birds
Reptiles
Mammals
Fish
• Fish are cold-blooded animals.
– This means that their blood
temperature changes with the
temperature of the surrounding
water.
• Most fish live close to the shore in
water that is less than 600 feet
deep.
– In the ocean, the deeper the water,
the dimmer the light.
– Many fish that live at 2000 feet or
deeper glow in the dark.
Fish
• All fish have gills. These gills absorb
oxygen from the water and pass it along
to the bloodstream.
• A fishes scales are called armor because
they protect it. A slimy substance
moistens the scales. This protects the
fish from infection and helps the fish
slip through the water faster.
Fish
• Fish stay afloat because they have swim
bladders. By changing the amount of air in its
bladder, a fish never rises or sinks, but stays
balanced.
Fish
•Fins move the fish forward, steer it, and help the fish to keep its
balance.
•The pectoral and pelvic fins are used for balance, steering,
and braking.
•The dorsal fin keeps the fish from rolling over and works
along with the anal fin.
•The tail (caudal fin) provides power, thrusting the fish
forward.
Fish
Fish are actually divided into 3 different classes.
1. OsteichthyesBony Fish
2. ChondrichthyesCartilaginous Fish
3. AgnathaJawless Fish
Bony Fish
• Bony fish make up about 95% of all
fish.
• Skeletons are made up of bone.
• Their scaly skin is covered with a
slimy mucous.
• Their mouth is generally at the
front of the body.
• They have a tail fin.
Click the fish to see a diagram of bony fish.
Cartilaginous Fish
• Cartilaginous fish include the
sharks, skates and rays.
• Although these look different,
they have many features in
common.
Great White Shark
• None of them have any true bone
- their skeleton is made of
cartilage.
• They have strong jaws
Cartilaginous Fish
• Their mouth is on the underside of their
body.
• Their eyes are on the top of their body.
• They cannot see food as it enters their
mouth.
• Some sharks solve this problem by touching
their food briefly with their nose first.
– Some also use a powerful electro-sensory
system.
Jawless Fish
• This is a primitive eel-like fish which doesn't
have a true jaw, but a sucker-like mouth (like
suction cups!) and rasping teeth.
• There are two main types:
– Lampreys
• Lampreys are found in freshwater lakes and streams as
well as in salt water.
– Hagfish
• Hagfish, or blind eels, are found only in salt water and
feed mainly on dead fish.
Amphibians-Class
Amphibia, double life
• These animals have
smooth skin.
• Most spend at least part
of their life in water.
• Amphibians are coldblooded (hibernate in
winter).
• They usually have three
life stages: egg, larva,
adult (metamorphosis).
• Includes: Frogs, Toads,
Salamanders, and Newts.
Salamander
newts
toad
Reptiles- Class Reptilia
• These animals have dry, scaly
skin.
• They are cold-blooded
(hibernate in winter).
• Some live in the water, but most
are adapted to life on land.
• Most reptiles lay soft-shelled
eggs, but some bear live young.
• Includes: Lizards, Snakes,
Turtles, and Crocodiles.
Fast Fact!
Did you know that snakes smell with their tongue!
Iguana
Turtle
Crocodile
Birds-Class Aves
• Birds are warmblooded.
• They have hollow
bones and feathers.
• Most can fly at least
short distances.
• Birds are born from
hard-shelled eggs.
• Includes: Raptors,
Gulls, Songbirds, and
Fowl.
Raptor
Gull
Fowl
Mammals-Class
Mammalia
• These animals usually have
hair/fur.
• They give birth to live young
and feed their young with
milk.
• Have the most complex brains
and nervous systems of any
animal on earth.
• Mammals are warm-blooded.
• Includes: Rodents, Hoofed
animals, Marsupials, Bats,
Rabbits, Weasels, Raccoons,
Bears, Dogs, and Cats.
Rodent
Bat
Dog