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Macromolecule -- Lipids What are lipids? • Non-polar organic molecules • They have a lot of C-H bonds What are lipids used for? • TO STORE ENERGY Lipid Building Blocks • FATTY ACIDS – Unbranched Carbon Chain Lipid Structure • POLAR HEAD – Glycerol • NON-POLAR TAIL – Fatty acids Types – (1) Triglycerides • 3 fatty acids & glycerol (alcohol) Types – (2) Phospholipids • 2 fatty acids & glycerol • Used to make cell membrane Types – (3) Waxes • A long fatty acid chain & a long alcohol chain Types – (4) Steroids • Composed of four fused carbon rings – with added groups • NO FATTY ACID CHAIN! • Includes HORMONES – Testosterone – Cholesterol Saturated Lipids • All the bonds are filled in the fatty acid tail Unsaturated Lipids • Not all bonds are filled in fatty acid tail • There are DOUBLE BONDS Saturated vs. Unsaturated Examples… • Saturated triglyceride – Shortening or animal fat – Solid! • Unsaturated triglyceride – Plant seeds or fruit – Liquid!
