* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download The Development of Evolutionary Biology
The Selfish Gene wikipedia , lookup
Unilineal evolution wikipedia , lookup
Transitional fossil wikipedia , lookup
Sexual selection wikipedia , lookup
Sociobiology wikipedia , lookup
Evolutionary developmental biology wikipedia , lookup
Evidence of common descent wikipedia , lookup
Evolutionary history of life wikipedia , lookup
Acceptance of evolution by religious groups wikipedia , lookup
Natural selection wikipedia , lookup
Catholic Church and evolution wikipedia , lookup
Vestigiality wikipedia , lookup
Inclusive fitness wikipedia , lookup
Hologenome theory of evolution wikipedia , lookup
The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex wikipedia , lookup
Koinophilia wikipedia , lookup
Genetics and the Origin of Species wikipedia , lookup
Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life THE EVOLUTION TIME LINE Dance I. THE PLAYER A. 1. 2. 3. Charles Darwin (1809-1882 ) Occupation: Naturalist Most Famous For: Origin of Species (1st book) Contribution to Evolutionary Biology: Essay - “Theory of Natural Selection” - the mechanism of change in evolution B. Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913) -Essay title: “On the Tendency of Varieties to Depart Indefinitely from the Original Type” Darwin Pictures Darwin focused on adaptations – inherited characteristics of organisms that enhance their survival and reproduction to a specific environment II. Darwin’s (Wallace) Theory of Natural Selection Observations From Nature Inferences 1. Members of a population often vary in their inherited traits 1. Individuals whose inherited traits give them a higher probability of surviving and reproducing in a given environment tend to leave more offspring. 2. All species can produce more offspring than their environment can support, and many of these offspring fail to survive and reproduce. 2. Unequal ability to survive and reproduce leads to accumulation of favorable traits in a population over generations Note: Darwin did not introduce the concept of mutations producing new varieties. Darwin believed the variety was always in the genes. Mutation is a post-Darwinian concept. III. Evidence for Evolution A. Natural Selection in Response to Introduced Species 1. Soapberry bugs use mouth-like part to feed on seeds inside fruits a. Southern FL – feeds on native balloon vine vs. central FL goldenrain tree (new tree from Asia) b. feed best when mouthpart matches depth of seeds in fruit c. Natural selection selected for shorter beaks in central FL 2. The Evolution of Drug-Resistant Bacteria - MRSA a. MRSA – methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus b. Penicillin in 1943 bacterial resistance production of antibiotic methicillin 1959 bacterial resistance… 3. Take-away from examples a. Natural selection is a process of editing what already exists b. Natural selection acts on what characteristics are favorable at the time in a particular environment B. Fossils: Preserved remains of ancient organisms 1. Implication: organism were different than now 2. Older fossils are found in older and deeper strata (layers) C. Homology– Similarities resulting from common ancestry 1. Anatomical similarities a. Must separate homology (related structures) from analogy (similar functions) b. Analogy leads to convergent evolution (organisms similar due to similar yet VERY DISTANT environments; they aren’t related) c. May explain vestigial organs - organs of no apparent function; (appendix) 2. Molecular similarities a. All life shares same genetic code and amino acids in proteins b. Organisms have homologous genes (genes in common) ex. 18S ribosomal RNA gene D. Biogeography: The geographic distribution of species 1. Species diversity is due to natural selection found in different areas 2. Diversity may reflect divergent evolution 3. Diversity may reflect convergent evolution Divergence (Fruit fly) Convergence (Flying squirrel) Mammalian forelimbs: homologous structures Slide 17 Analogous structures Slide 101 Human Vestigial Structures Slide 16 What if all the spores of this puffball actually germinated? Slide 11 Asian Ladybird Beetles Slide 11 What do these plants have in common? We artificially selected traits of the wild mustard Slide 11 Slide 15 Clone USA300 – causes lethal infections to skin, lungs, and bloods MRSA infection proliferation Slide 15 COMPARISON of 18S rRNA gene sequences Slide 7 The Origins of Evolutionary Thought Slide 3 Elephant Evolution “Tree” Slide 7 Slide 7