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US HISTORY
Chapter 3
Colonial America
1587-1770
Lesson 1 – Early English Settlements

Roanoke (NC)
 1584 – Sir Walter Raleigh
started this
settlement with 100 men on island off
the coast of North Carolina...rough first
winter, abandoned settlement and
returned to England
 1587 – Raleigh tries again...takes 91
men, 17 women, & 9 children back to
Roanoke
 John White’s (leader of the group)
daughter gives birth to first English
child born in North America (child’s
name was Virginia Dare)
Lesson 1 – Early English Settlements

Roanoke (NC)
 Group runs low on supplies,
White
returns to England but when
arrives, Queen Elizabeth takes his
ship for the war with Spain...he
was supposed to return to
Roanoke within a few months but
it took three years instead
 When White returned, colony was
abandoned...only clue was the
word “CROATOAN” carved on a
post...colonists were never seen
again
Lesson 1 – Early English Settlements

Jamestown (VA)
 Failure at Roanoke
discouraged new colonies for
years
 1606 – group of English
merchants/businessmen
(Virginia Company of London)
received a charter (document
from King James to organize a
settlement) for a colony in
North America...left England in
December
Lesson 1 – Early English Settlements

Jamestown (VA)
 April 1607
– three ships (Susan
Constant, Godspeed, & Discovery)
arrive in Chesapeake Bay & sailed
up one of the rivers until they found a
suitable spot for settlement
 Named the settlement “Jamestown”
and the river the “James River”
 Very difficult to survive...Capt. John
Smith made the colonists work (farm,
hunt, build shelter) instead of just
search for gold
JAMESTOWN
Lesson 1 – Early English Settlements

Jamestown (VA)
 Smith leaves & goes back to
England...without him, colonists
go through the “starving time”
 winter of 1609-1610 plus
fighting with Natives
 Colonists eventually discovered
a profitable crop...tobacco
Lesson 1 – Early English Settlements
Stop at 8:20
Lesson 1 – Early English Settlements

Virginia
 Relations with Natives improved
after John Rolfe married local
native named Pocahontas
 Land ownership expanded
when VA Company gave a
headright (land grant of 50
acres) to settlers who paid for
their voyage to America
 House of Burgesses (1619) –
first representative govt. in the
colonies
Lesson 2 – New England Colonies

Religious Freedom in England
 King
Henry VIII wants a
divorce...Pope says no
 1534 – Henry breaks away
from Catholic Church...forms
the Anglican Church
 Not everyone agreed with this
Catholics – still considered the
Pope their spiritual leader
 Protestants
 Puritans – wanted to reform
the Anglican church
 Separatists – wanted to leave
and set up their own church

Lesson 2 – New England Colonies

The Pilgrims
 Some
Separatists left
England & moved to the
Netherlands
 Didn’t like the
Netherlands...wanted to
move again
 Made arrangement with VA
Company


Separatists could settle in VA
& practice their faith freely
Separatists would pay VA
Company a portion of profits
they made
Lesson 2 – New England Colonies

The Pilgrims
 Separatists
considered
themselves “Pilgrims”
because their journey had
a religious purpose
 Mayflower




Leaves Sept. 1620
35/102 passengers were
“Pilgrims”
Remaining passengers were
called “strangers”
Years later, all the
passengers became referred
to as “Pilgrims”
Lesson 2 – New England Colonies

The Pilgrims
 Landed
in Plymouth,
MA
 Plymouth was
outside VA and VA
laws so they
developed the
Mayflower Compact
(document outlining
their loyalty and plan
of govt.)
Lesson 2 – New England Colonies

The Pilgrims
of 1620/1621 
nearly half of the
colony died
 Spring 1621 – two local
Native Americans
(Squanto & Samoset)
helped the colonists by
showing them how to
farm, hunt, & fish...also
helped the Pilgrims live
peacefully alongside
the Wampanoag tribe
 Winter
Lesson 2 – New England Colonies

Other Colonies
 Massachusetts




Plymouth (1620) was the first
settlement
Boston (1630) also founded
for religious freedom (by
John Winthrop)
Great Migration (1630s) –
more than 15,000 Puritans
move to MA for religious
freedom
Although based on religious
freedom, Puritans were not
tolerant of other faiths
Lesson 2 – New England Colonies

Other Colonies
 Connecticut



Founded in 1636 when Rev.
Thomas Hooker took his
congregation south of MA
Started the town of Hartford
1639 – Hartford, Windsor, &
Wethersfield formed the colony
of Connecticut...adopted a plan
of govt. called the Fundamental
Orders of Connecticut (first
written constitution in America)
Lesson 2 – New England Colonies

Other Colonies
 Rhode
Island
Established by Roger
Williams (banished
from MA)
 Williams founded the
town of Providence
 Becomes first place in
America where all
faiths – including Jews
– could worship freely

Lesson 2 – New England Colonies

Conflict w/ Native Americans
 In
some areas, Natives &
Colonists coexisted...trade
partners
 1636 – Pequot and settlers in
New England fight, hundreds
are killed
 1675 – Metacomet (aka King
Philip) wanted to stop
colonists from moving on to
native lands...forms alliances
with other natives to fight “King
Philip’s War” vs. colonists,
colonists win  enables them
to really expand their territory
and power in New England
Lesson 3 – Middle Colonies

New York
 Originally
founded by the Dutch
and called New Amsterdam
 Had an excellent harbor & river
trade
 English had colonies to the North
(MA, NH, CT, RI) and the South
(MD, VA) and wanted New
Amsterdam
 1664 – English send a fleet of
ships to attack New Amsterdam,
Dutch surrender
 English King Charles II gives the
colony to his brother, the Duke of
York, who renames it New York
Lesson 3 – Middle Colonies

New Jersey
 Was
originally part of
New York
 Named after the island
of Jersey (in English
Channel)
 To attract settlers, NJ
promised freedom of
religion, trial by jury, &
a representative
assembly
Lesson 3 – Middle Colonies

Pennsylvania
 Founded
by William Penn
 Penn wanted the colony to
be a safe place for Quakers
 “Quakers” – believed
everyone was equal, could
follow their own “inner light”
to reach salvation (didn’t
need clergy), and they were
pacifists (people who refuse
to fight in wars)
Lesson 3 – Middle Colonies

Pennsylvania
 Penn
believed the land
belonged to Native
Americans & settlers should
pay for it...he negotiated
several treaties with the
Natives
 Several southern counties
eventually formed their own
legislature, broke away, and
became Delaware
Lesson 4 – Southern Colonies

Maryland
Started by Sir George
Calvert (Lord Baltimore)
 Colony began as a safe
haven for Catholics
 Border dispute between
MD & PA leads to
formation of Mason-Dixon
Line
 Surveyors Charles Mason
& Jeremiah Dixon mapped
the boundary b/w the two
colonies
 Eventually, Protestants
took control of MD & made
Anglican Church the official
church

Lesson 4 – Southern Colonies

Bacon’s Rebellion
 Occurs in VA
 VA Gov tells settlers
to
stop moving west (onto
Native American land)
 Western settlers didn’t
like VA govt. b/c it was
dominated by Easterners
 Western settlers ignored
Gov’s request and move
west...they then
complained when govt.
didn’t protect them from
Native attacks
Lesson 4 – Southern Colonies

Bacon’s Rebellion
– Nathaniel Bacon
(western farmer) leads
attacks on Native
American villages,
continues on to
Jamestown...Bacon dies
unexpectedly or he may
have taken over
VA...English troops are
called in to restore order
 Bacon’s Rebellion shows
that settlers won’t be
limited to the coast
 1676
Lesson 4 – Southern Colonies

The Carolinas
 Originally
formed in 1663 as
one colony called “Carolina”
 Carolina – Latin for “Charles’
Land” (King Charles II)
 northern Carolina’s main
exports were tobacco, timber,
& tar
 southern Carolina’s were rice
& indigo
 Slave labor was very important
to rice crops
 1729 – Carolina is officially
split into North & South
Carolina
Lesson 4 – Southern Colonies

Georgia
 Founded
in 1733 by James
Oglethorpe (last British
colony in America)
 Set up as a place where
debtors could get a fresh
start
 British officials also wanted
it as a first line of defense
b/w Spanish Florida and
the rest of the colonies
 Oglethorpe built forts and
the town of Savannah to
defend against the Spanish