Download File

Classification
Diversity Among Organisms
There is a huge variety of living things on the
earth.
• Scientists needed to
come up with a way
of putting plants and
animals into groups,
based on similarities
between them.
• This is known as classification.
Classification
• Classification: a method of grouping or
categorising living things, based on
similarities of structure and function.
• The practice of classification by
scientists is known as taxonomy.
The Beginning of Classification
Carl Linnaeus introduced
classification of
organisms in the 1700s.
How
Classification
Works…
King
Phillip
Came
Over
For
Good
Soup
http://destinationofmarvel.blogspot.com/2011/05/classification-of-plants-and-animals.html
Binomial Naming System
• Lineaus also introduced the binomial
naming system to name plants and
animals.
• All organisms are named by their genus
and species.
Binomial Name
Homo sapien
Panthera pardus
Felis domestica
Canis familiaris
Common Name
Human
Leopard
Cat
Dog
The Difference Between
Genus and Species
Problems with Linneaus’ System
Five Kingdom System
A five kingdom
system was then
introduced by
Robert Whittaker
in 1969.
Even more recently….
• Scientists have decided to divide the
Monera kingdom into two different
kingdoms – Bacteria and Archaea.
• This means there are now six kingdoms:
– Bacteria
– Archaea
– Protista
– Fungi
– Plants
– Animals
The Full
Picture
These six
kingdoms have now
been placed into
three different
domains.
The Domains and Kingdoms
The 3 Domains
Bacteria Archaea
Bacteria Archaea Protista
Eukarya
Fungi
The 6 Kingdoms
Plants
Animals
The Six Kingdoms
Kingdom
Bacteria
Examples
Salmonella
Archaea
Sulfolobus
Protista
Amoeba
Fungi
Yeast
Animals
Plants
http://plantphys.info/organismal/lechtml/archaea.shtml
(1) Bacteria Kingdom
Features:
• Unicellular
(only one cell)
• Prokaryotic cells
(2) Archaea Kingdom
Features:
• Unicellular
• Prokaryotic
• Cell membranes made
from different substances to bacterial cells
• Often found in salty water and hot springs
http://www.microbiologyonline.org.uk/about-microbiology/introducing-microbes/archaea
(3) Protists Kingdom
Features:
• Unicelluar
• Eukaryotic Cells
Example:
Amoeba
(4) Fungi Kingdom
Features:
• Mainly multicellular
• Eukaryotic
• Cannot make their own
food (absorptive)
Example: yeast
(5) Animal Kingdom
Features:
• Multicelluar
• Eukaryotic
• Cannot make own food (ingestive)
E.g. Phyla
E.g. Organisms
Molluscs
Snail, octopus, scallop
Arthropods
Insects, spiders
Chordates
Mammals (e.g. humans)
(6) Plant Kingdom
Features:
• Multicellular
• Eukaryotic
• Can make own food (photosynthetic)
E.g. Phyla
E.g. Organisms
Thallophytes
Bryophytes
Pteriodophytes
Spermatophytes
Algae (seaweed)
Mosses, liverwort
ferns
seed producing plants (e.g. sunflower)
A Closer Look at the Arthropod Phylum
Features:
• Live on land and in
water
• Possess an exoskeleton
• Bilaterally symmetrical
• Jointed limbs
Arthropoda – Four Main Groups
Insects
Crustaceans
Arthropods
Arachnids
Myriapoda
Arthropoda – Class Insects
Features:
• Live on land
• Body divided into head,
thorax and abdomen
• The thorax has 3 pairs of legs
• The head has a pair of antennae
Examples:
Cockroach
Grasshopper
Lice
Bee
Wasp
Arthropoda – Class Crustaceans
Features
• Mainly found in water
• Body divided into head, thorax & abdomen but
head and thorax can be difficult to distinguish
• The head has 5 appendages, including 2 pairs of
antennae.
Examples:
crabs
prawns
lobsters
woodlice
Arthropoda – Class Arachnid
Features:
• Usually found on land, some in water
• Body divided into 2 main regions, head and
thorax
• The thorax has 4 pairs of legs
Examples:
Spiders
Scorpions
Mites
Arthropoda – Class Myriopoda
Features:
• Found on land
• Elongated narrow body,
• divided into little segments
• Several pairs of legs
• One pair of antennae
Examples:
Centipede (each segment has 1 pair legs)
Millipede (each segment has 2 pairs legs)
Chordata – Five Main Groups
Fish/Pisces
Amphibians
Chordata
Mammals
Reptile
Birds/Aves