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The Germanic: a selective chronology ? 3000 BC dispersal of the Indo-European linguistic community 1500-1000 BC establishment of the Germanic as a specific north-western branch of Indo-European c. 750 BC Archaeological evidence suggests that about 750 BC a relatively uniform Germanic people was located in southern Scandinavia and along the North Sea and Baltic coasts from what is now The Netherlands to the Vistula River 4th century BC 1st mention of the Germanic tribes by Pitheas, a Greek historian and geographer 1st century BC Julius Caesar describes in Commentaries on the Gallic War (Commentarii de Bello Gallico) some militant Germanic tribes c. 1 AD dialectal differentiation within Germanic increases → 1-500 AD Völkerwanderungen 1st century AD Pliny the Elder, a prominent Roman scientist and writer, in Natural history (Naturalis Historia) attempted a classification of the ancient Teutons 98 AD one of the best early descriptions by the Roman historian Tacitus (AD 98) in his Germania (40 tribes) 1st – 3rd century split of Eastern Germanic c. 200 – 500 AD Northwest Germanic is attested in the early runic inscriptions 300 – 600 AD The fragmentation of Northwest Germanic 341 Wulfila, bishop of the Visigoths; translation of parts of the Bible (manuscript of late 5th century: “Codex Argenteus”) 375 the Huns destroy the Gothic kingdom of Ermanaric 376 the Goths enter the Empire 400-600 brunt of Germanic invasions 406 Germanic invasion over the Rhine 409 Vandals in Spain 410 Alaric the Visigoth at Rome 1 413 the Visigoths in Aquitaine 418 the Visigoths found the kingdom of Toulouse 429 Vandals in Africa 434 Attila king of the Huns 436 destruction of the Burgundian kingdom of the Rhine 449 Anglo-Saxon conquest of Britain 451 Battle of the Catalaunian fields (Gaul): Attila’s only defeat (by allied Roman and Visigothic forces) 452 Attila in Italy 453 death of Attila 454 end of the Hunnic empire 455 Genseric the Vandal sacks Rome 473 Theodoric, King of the Ostrogoths 476 deposition of Romulus Augustulus, end of Western Roman Empire 481 Clovis king of the Franks (late 5th century → political unification of the continental Germanic peoples under the Merovingians (AD 476-750) and the Carolingians (AD 750-887)) 493 Theodoric († 526) takes Ravenna c. 507-511 Lex Salica, the Frankish law-code 524 execution of Boëthius 530 Frankish protectorate over Thuringia 531 the disappearance of the traditional royal dynasty of the Visigoths 533-4 Byzantine re-conquest of North Africa 2 c. 536 Frankish protectorate over Alamannia the beginning of the Byzantine reconquest of Italy 552 death of Teia, the last Ostrogothic king 554 the capital of the Visigothic kingdom of Spain established at Toledo c. 555 Frankish protectorate over Bavaria 568 the Lombards enter Italy 587 Reccared the Visigoth converts to Christianity 597 beginning of Anglo-Saxon conversion 607 Agilulf the Lombard converts to Christianity c. 625 Samo, King of the Slavs in Bohemia 636 death of Isidore of Seville 671 the Lombard abandon Arianism 672 1st known anointing (King Wamba the Visigoth) c. 700 first written records in Old English 711 the Muslims enter Spain; end of the Visigothic kingdom 800-1050 The Viking Age (the varjagi of the Russian chronicles, the Dene of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, etc.) North Germanic begins to break up into separate dialects 9th century earliest records in Old Saxon (Heliand) and Old High German 12th century Elder (Poetic) Edda: a collection of Old Norse heroic poetry 13th century Younger (Prose) Edda: an ars poetica compiled by Snorri Sturluson († 1241) 3