Download Human Body Test # 1 Review

Human Body Test # 1 Review
Body Systems
name the system that
breaks down food into
nutrients
the digestive system
name the system that
controls the exchange of
oxygen and carbon
dioxide
the respiratory system
name the system that
transports nutrients to
cells and gets rid of
cellular wastes
circulatory system
name the system that
receives and sends
messages throughout the
body
the nervous system
name the system that is
the protective outer layer
of the body
integumentary system
What does the urinary
system do?
removes liquid waste
from the body
Which system protects
the body from disease?
the immune system
Homeostasis
Why does your body
perspire (sweat) during
exercise?
perspiration (sweat) cools
your body temperature
give an example of
homeostasis in the
human body
homeostasis examples:
temperature, insulin,
glucose, heart rate, blood
pressure
Explain how the
circulatory and
respiratory systems work
together to maintain
homeostasis
The respiratory system supplies oxygen and gets
rid of carbon dioxide. The circulatory system
distributes needed gases and nutrients to the
cells, and carries wastes away to other parts of
the body. The two systems work together to
meet the energy requirements of the body as
the level of activity by the body changes.
When you breathe faster more
oxygen is taken into the body.
Why would this happen? What
does the body do with the
oxygen? Be specific.
You would breathe faster if you were working
harder, because you would need to produce
more energy. Oxygen would be inhaled by the
respiratory system and delivered to cells by the
circulatory system. Glucose and oxygen would
combine to produce energy by the process of
cellular respiration in the mitochondria.
List the 4 types of tissues
and the function of each
1. connective – joins, supports, and protects
2. epithelial – covers body surface and lines
organs, protection
3. nervous – sends and receives signals/
messages
4. muscular – skeletal muscle (movement),
smooth muscle (organs & blood vessels), and
cardiac muscle (heart muscle)
Skeletal System
What type of tissue are
the following structures,
and what does each do?
ligaments
tendons
cartilage
•They are all connective
tissue.
ligaments – connect bone to bone
tendons – connect bone to muscle
cartilage – cushion ends of bone
•
List the functions of the
skeletal system.
1. protects organs
2. movement of body
3. produces blood cells
4. structure/support
5. stores minerals/fats
Explain the advantage of
having:
small or short bones
long bones
flat bones
small or short bones – flexibility/balance/
small movements
long bones – large movements/strength
flat bones – protection of organs
Explain the location and function of
fixed and partially fixed (partially
movable) joints.
• Fixed joints are located in the cranium and
do not move because the skull protects the
brain.
• Partially fixed (or partially movable) joints
are located in your ribs and only move
slightly to allow you to inhale and exhale.
You would not be able to breathe unless
the ribs were able to move slightly.
What does red marrow
do, and where is it found?
Red marrow is found in
spongy bone and
produces blood cells.
Explain how a broken bone
heals.
• The injury is flooded with natural painkillers
called endorphins, which temporarily block out pain.
• An injury will swell because the body is sending extra
oxygen and nutrients to the injury to begin the healing
process.
• A large hematoma, which is a collection of blood,
surrounds the break in the bone.
• Within four weeks the hematoma will harden around
the break, making the injured area extra strong.
• Over the next several months, osteoclasts will "eat
away" the hardened hematoma and the injury will be
repaired.
• Within a year of the injury, the bone will be almost as
strong as it was before the break.
Muscular System
Identify the three types
of muscle and indicate
where they are found, or
what they do.
1. skeletal – found throughout body connected
to bones; moves bones
2. cardiac – found in heart; pumps blood
3. smooth – found in blood vessels & digestive
system; moves materials
Explain how muscles
work.
– muscles work in pairs by pulling on bones
– muscles take turns contracting and relaxing
– flexors bend bones; extensors straighten bones
Identify the flexor and
extensors of the arm and
leg.
arm – flexor = bicep
extensor = tricep
leg – flexor = hamstring
extensor = quadricep
Miscellaneous
Identify a connection between the following
body systems:
skeletal & muscular
skeletal & respiratory
skeletal & circulatory
respiratory & circulatory
skeletal & muscular – work together for
movement
skeletal & respiratory – ribs move to make
breathing possible
skeletal & circulatory – blood is made in bones
respiratory & circulatory – work together to
provide oxygen to cells and remove carbon
dioxide