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Transcript
Std. 10.4 In sexually reproducing organisms, each offspring contains a mix of characteristics inherited from both parents. D 37. Use the Punnett square technique to predict the distribution of traits in monoand di-hybrid crossings. Learning Target: Principles of Heredity I Can…Explain the foundation principles of Mendelian Genetics I know I am successful when I can… • Briefly describe Mendel’s contribution • Describe Mendel’s experimental design • Describe Mendel’s conclusions and Law of Segregation All started with Austrian monk Gregor Mendel in the 1800s. Mendel showed that: • Traits are inherited as discrete units. • Laid groundwork of genetics • Demonstrated patterns of inheritance Mendel used purebred, self-pollinating pea plants with a selection of • “either / or” traits including: • Pea shape, pea color, pod shape, pod color, plant height, flower color, and flower position. Mendel’s Experimental Design: • Use of self-pollinating pea plants • Can control reproduction of plants • Reproduce quickly • Self-pollination creates genetically “pure” genetic lines • “Either / Or” Traits • Only two allele versions for each trait studied • No blending of traits • Dominant v. Recessive • Good scientific method (controlled variables and one I.V.) • Many trials / reproduced results (validity) Mendel’s Experimental Design: Cross – mating of two organisms • P1 – Parental generation • F1 – First Filial (first offspring) generation • F2 – Generation produced from F1 Mendel’s Experimental Design: Cross – mating of two organisms • P1 – Parental generation • F1 – First Filial (first offspring) generation • F2 – Generation produced from F1 Mendel’s Conclusions: Law of Segregation: • Organisms donate only one copy of each gene in the gametes (haploid) to their offspring • Genes segregate or separate during meiosis • Remember the process of meiosis segregates only one of each chromosome into each of the gametes