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Weapons of Microscopic Destruction – How Your Immune System Keeps You Safe from Attack © Babraham Institute 2015 Introductions • Who are we? – About our Institute – About our science – About our scientific career • Who are you? – Does anyone have scientists as parents? – What is favourite science at school? – Who is favourite scientist on TV? Weapons of Microscopic Destruction – How Your Immune System Keeps You Safe from Attack © Babraham Institute 2015 What are microorganisms? Small, tiny, microscopic… Living creatures.. Can make you sick, but MOST DON’T Can be… bacteria, viruses, fungi Weapons of Microscopic Destruction – How Your Immune System Keeps You Safe from Attack © Babraham Institute 2015 What do they do? Bad things? Good things? Infections Antibiotics Tooth decay Toothpaste Food decay Food & Drink Plant diseases Decomposition Weapons of Microscopic Destruction – How Your Immune System Keeps You Safe from Attack © Babraham Institute 2015 Where are they found? In the soil On your bodies Inside your bodies In the air On our bodies In and on other animals In rivers and lakes Weapons of Microscopic Destruction – How Your Immune System Keeps You Safe from Attack © Babraham Institute 2015 Where are they found? Everywhere! Weapons of Microscopic Destruction – How Your Immune System Keeps You Safe from Attack © Babraham Institute 2015 How do they spread? Weapons of Microscopic Destruction – How Your Immune System Keeps You Safe from Attack © Babraham Institute 2015 Can you find any bacteria? Weapons of Microscopic Destruction – How Your Immune System Keeps You Safe from Attack © Babraham Institute 2015 Create your own microorganism and infect your friends! You will need: • A balloon (your microorganism) • Some coloured shapes (as the antigens) Weapons of Microscopic Destruction – How Your Immune System Keeps You Safe from Attack © Babraham Institute 2015 Why are we not always sick? Neutrophils = innate response Weapons of Microscopic Destruction – How Your Immune System Keeps You Safe from Attack © Babraham Institute 2015 The immune response When you are infected with a pathogenic microbe the dendritic cell collects parts of it and shows them to other cells. If the B cell ‘ninja’ recognises these parts (or antigens) on the dendritic cell it responds by making antibodies which are specific for the microbe. Weapons of Microscopic Destruction – How Your Immune System Keeps You Safe from Attack © Babraham Institute 2015 The immune response These antibodies all stick specifically to the parts of the pathogen that they recognise. This acts like tomato ketchup – or butter on toast – making the microbe taste a lot more yummy to the Macrophages Macrophages then munch up the invading pathogen and help your body clear the infection!! Weapons of Microscopic Destruction – How Your Immune System Keeps You Safe from Attack © Babraham Institute 2015 Your job as a B-cell Ninja is to create some antibody ‘flags’ Y Y Y Match the antibody flags to the marks on the microorganism Infect a friend with your microorganism Create some antibody flags which match the markings on your microorganism Weapons of Microscopic Destruction – How Your Immune System Keeps You Safe from Attack © Babraham Institute 2015 Have a look at Babraham’s Immune Army video • Watch this video on YouTube, which we created for the 2015 Royal Society Summer Science Exhibition: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=17O5Q3KjciI Weapons of Microscopic Destruction – How Your Immune System Keeps You Safe from Attack © Babraham Institute 2015 What have we learnt today? • Microorganisms are everywhere • Washing your hands can stop them spreading • Some are harmful… Your Immune System army, keeps you safe from attack Weapons of Microscopic Destruction – How Your Immune System Keeps You Safe from Attack © Babraham Institute 2015