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READING, WRITING,
COMMUNICATING
Grade 6, Unit 4
POETRY
Essential Questions
• Why is it possible to have different interpretations of
a poem?
• What is unique about how an author arranges words
and phrases in poetry?
• Why are life experiences a foundation for writing
poetry?
• How do poetic techniques engage readers?
Poetry Unit 4, January 9-31, 2012
Pretest
• Week 1
• Types of poetry – acrostic, epitaph, haiku
• Figurative Language – simile, metaphor, personification, alliteration,
allusion, onomatopoeia,
• Week 2
• Types of poetry – sonnet, ode, praise poems
• Elements of poetry – irony, imagery, meaning, mood, pattern, symbolism,
tone
• Week 3
• Rhyme schemes – end rhyme, internal rhyme, half rhyme
Post-test
What is poetry?
•
A beautiful form of communication.
•A genre that is open to personal
interpretation and might differ
from person to person.
Why do we study poetry?
• Poetry helps us develop a sense of beauty, a deeper
awareness of feelings and nature, and an appreciation
for words. We all have a natural interest in the
rhythm of poetry and it is fun to recite poems when
given the chance!
Roses are red;
Violets are blue.
I can write poetry;
How about you?
What makes poetry unique?
• The interpretation of a poem can vary from person to
person, especially in how on might read it aloud, act
out, or emphasize certain aspects in a poem.
• Authors arrange words and phrases in poetry to
express emotion and insights and to create writing
that is aesthetic in nature, very much like music.
Figurative Language
• Hyperbole
• Simile
• Metaphor
• Personification
• Alliteration
• Allusion
• Onomatopoeia
Hyperbole
•A very strong exaggeration
Ex. He is stronger than a giant panda.
Simile
• A comparison between two objects using the words
“like” or “as.”
Ex. She sings like a nightingale.
Writing Poetry - Similes
• Write a poem about an animal, carefully selecting the
images and similes to influence the reader’s feelings.
• Choose an animal for which you have strong feelings.
• You might write a poem selecting images and similes that
will influence the reader to feel as you do about the
animal.
• Use as many senses and similes as possible to describe
the animal.
Metaphor
A comparison
between two
objects (without
“like” or “as”).
Ex. Jackie is an
angel.
Personification
Gives an inhuman
thing human
qualities
Ex. The sunrise was
jealous of her
loveliness.
Alliteration
• The repetition of the same or similar consonant sounds in
words that are close together.
• Example: Silly Sally sashayed on the shore.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Jumping Jorge wears jagging jeans.
Serious Sergio studies studiously.
Active Abby likes activity.
Silly Cindy (note “c” makes /s/ sound) swims in the city.
Cute Cathy (note “c” makes /k/ sound) cannot compete.
Axel absolutely loves apples!
Exceptional Emmanuel excels in efficiency.
Allusion
• A reference to someone or something that is known from
history, literature, religion, politics, sports, science, or some
other branch of culture.
• When you use allusion you are alluding to something for
example:
• I use loot as a slang name for money.
• He went home to his crib.
Onomatopoeia
• The use of a word whose sound imitates or suggests
its meaning.
• Examples:
• Boom, boom, boom
• Rattle-rattle
• Ho Ho Ho
Elements of poetry
•Irony
•Imagery
•Meaning
•Mood
•Pattern
•Symbolism
•Tone
Irony
•In general, it is the difference between the
way something appears and what is actually
true.
•Verbal irony is irony that is spoken aloud.
•Sarcasm is a form of verbal irony.
Imagery
• The use of language to evoke a picture or a concrete
sensation of a person, a thing, a place, or an
experience.
• Examples:
• Sight: Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun?
• Taste: Or crust and sugar over like a syrupy sweet?
• Touch: Maybe it just sags like a heavy load.
• Smell: Does it stink like rotten meat?
• Sound: Or does it explode?
Poetry Exercise- Simile and Sense
• Write a poem about a place in nature, using sense images and
similes. Choose a place in nature that is vivid in your mind. It may
be a place you visited long ago, but you need to remember some
details about it. It may be a place in the mountains, by the sea, at a
nearby part, by the river or simply up in a tree.
• Use similes and all five senses (taste, smell, sight, sound, touch)
• Avoid cliches i.e. “The sky was as blue as the sea.”
• If you cannot remember all of the details, start with what is clear in
your mind and invent the part that is missing. (This is common
practice among writers.)
Meaning
• What is the poem about?
Mood
• The feeling created in the reader by the poem or
story.
Symbolism
• The use of person, place, thing or event that has meaning in
itself and that also stands for something more than itself.
• Example:
The eagle is a bird, but it is also the symbol for American
freedom, liberty and justice.
Poetry Exercise-Symbolism
• Write a symbol poem choose some aspect of nature to
represent a human trait or global issue.
• Discuss how natural phenomena, such as a river, valley, rock,
flower, shell, mountain, wind or snow storm might stand for
anger or joy (emotion) greed or compassion (human trait), or
war and peace (global issues).
• Using wind as an example, a morning breeze could represent
peace and harmony; hurricane winds could represent the
combat of war; and tornadoes could symbolize nuclear
explosions.
Pattern
• A combination of the organization of lines, rhyme
schemes, stanzas, rhythm, and meter.
• There are many different patterns in poetry.
Tone
• The attitude a writer takes toward the subject of a
work, the characters, or the audience.
• What is the tone of Gustav
Klimt’s famous painting
“The Kiss?”
Rhyme Schemes
•End Rhyme
•Internal Rhyme
•Half Rhyme
Rhyme Schemes – End Rhyme
• The rhyme occurs at the end of the verse lines.
• It is the most common rhyme form.
• Example:
Now my days are lonely,
And night-time drive me wild,
In my heart I’m crying.
I’m just Miss Blue’es child!
(Langston Hughes)
Rhyme Schemes – Internal Rhyme
• The rhyme occurs within a line of verse.
• Example
The splendor falls on castle walls
And the snow summits old in story:
The long light shakes across the lakes
And the wild cataract leaps in glory.
(Alfred, Lord Tennyson)
Rhyme Schemes – Half Rhyme
• The rhyme is imperfect and approximate, not “dead
on.”
• Example:
I was the slightest in the HouseI took the smallest roomAt night, my little Lamp and BookAnd one Geranium
(Emily Dickinson)
Types of Poems
• Acrostic
• Epitaph
• Haiku
• Sonnet
• Ode
• Praise poems
Acrostic
• The first letters of each line are aligned vertically to form a word.
The word often is the subject of the poem.
• Example:
• Bright
• Caring
• Middle
• School
•P
•R
•I
•D
•E
Haiku
• Presents a vivid picture and the poet’s impression,
sometimes with suggestions of spiritual insights.
• The traditional Haiku is three lines longs: the first live
is five syllables, the second line is seven syllables, and
the third line is five syllables.
• Example:
What’s in my headphones? (5)
Nothing but Hip-Hop music, (7)
Jay-Z, Tupac, Nas! (5)
Epitaph
• A brief poem written to be inscribed on a gravestone.
Sonnets
•A sonnet is a poem which consists of the
following building blocks:
1.
A sonnet has 14 lines.
2. Each line in a sonnet has a special rhythm.
3. Each line in a sonnet has a special length.
4. In a sonnet there are five iambs to each line. This is called a
pentameter. Therefore, sonnets are written in iambic
pentameter.
Ode
•Exalts (celebrates) and addresses a person or
thing
•Intensity and sense of exaltation (celebration)
Poems of Praise
• These poems contain a lushness of language or a
piling up of images, a great exuberance for the
subject, even exaggeration (hyperbole).
• The idea is to convey the intensity of feeling with
specific language.
Essential Questions
• Why is it possible to have different interpretations
of a poem?
• Poetry is a genre that is open to personal
interpretation and might differ from person to
person.
• What is unique about how an author arranges words
and phrases in poetry?
• Authors arrange words and phrases in poetry to
express emotion and insight and to create writing
that is aesthetic in nature, very much like music.
Essential Questions
• Why are life experiences a foundation for writing
poetry?
• Life experiences are a foundation for writing poetry,
because poems are a unique perspective or
commentary on life.
• How do poetic techniques engage readers?
• Poetic techniques engage readers with meaning and
imagery created by word choice, figurative language,
repetition, rhyme, etc.