Download The communication process

THE
COMMUNICATION
PROCESS
You will see a smaller version of the picture
above on the slides that contain the most
important information that YOU WILL NEED to
copy AND study!
Getting ALL of these notes (whether you are
absent OR out of class) is YOUR responsibility!
OBJECTIVES:
BY THE END OF THIS LESSON, YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO:

Define communication as a process

Define meaning and message (in communication)

Discuss how breakdown occurs in communication

Describe the Four Oral Communication Situations

Dissect the Five Principles of Communication
What is
COMMUNICATION?
COMMUNICATION IS THE
PROCESS OF SENDING
AND RECEIVING
MESSAGES IN ORDER TO
SHARE MEANINGS
(WHY IS COMMUNICATION A PROCESS?)
Communication is a process
because it moves forward
from a
beginning point. Something
has to happen FIRST!
__________________________________
Communication has to start
somewhere right?! That
beginning point is the sender ,
which is the first person to
initiate communication,
whether it’s verbal or nonverbal!
The process of communication involves 2 or
more people **attempting to share THEIR
ideas, feelings, and attitudes.
ROLES…
 Speaker/Sender—one who sends a message.
 Listener/Receiver—one who receives
and
interprets the message.
____________________________________

In the process of communication, WE play both of these
roles in the communication process.

In both roles, WE interact with each other trying to
understand what the other means while trying to get our
individual points across.
WHEN DOES
COMMUNICATION
BEGIN?
The PROCESS of
communication begins when
you first meet someone…
SPEAKING OF MEETING PEOPLE…
WHEN YOU FIRST MEET
SOMEONE, WHAT
THINGS DO YOU NOTICE
ABOUT THEM?
Those ideals or things you notice
about people that you meet for the
first time help shape your FIRST
IMPRESSION of them.
MEANING
&
MESSAGE
MEANING…
Meaning can be defined or interpreted in 2
ways:
_________________________________________________
(1) WHAT the sender/speaker wants the
receiver/listener to know.
(2) HOW the receiver/listener understands the sender’s
message.
MESSAGES…




A message is the WAY meaning is conveyed
(shown).
A message can be verbal or nonverbal.
Messages are the CENTER of the
communication process.
WITHOUT a message, there can be NO
communication!
FYI:
Meaning…
If you and other(s) you are communicating
with do NOT share the same
meaning/understanding for words and
phrases, you will have difficulty
communicating and experience a
breakdown in communication.
(Side Note: This is what usually happens in conversations)
COMMUNICATION
B-R-E-A-K-D-O-W-N…
Defined:
Misunderstandings in the process of
communicating.
Common Causes of Communication Breakdown:
(1) Different understandings of the same words, phrases,
messages . **Different understandings are perhaps due to
personal experiences.
(2) Common words sounding alike but mean different
things…they are called HOMOPHONES !
Is it possible for people to communicate
with different meanings/understandings
of the same words?
Yes or No?
(If yes how? or If not why NOT?)
DISCUSSION BREAK…

Funny

Justice

Borrow

Peace

Smart

Friendship

Expensive

Responsibility
COMMUNICATION
BREAKDOWN
SCENARIOS…
SCENARIO I
One student listened very carefully
as the teacher discussed the exam
for the following day. The
teacher said, “Know scale factor
class!” The student thought,
“Thank goodness, no scale
factor.”
Scenario 2
Joseph says, “Ms.
Stephens’s class is hard.”
And, Mario says, “I agree,
her class is hard.”
THERE IS A DIFFERENCE…


When Joseph says that Ms. Stephens’s class is
“hard,” he may mean that there is a lot of
homework/projects or she is strict.
However, when Mario agrees, he REALLY
means that Ms. Stephens’s class is “hard”
perhaps because the terminology/vocabulary is
extremely unfamiliar or he struggles to
understand the material which makes the
course difficult.
SCENARIO 3

In North America, the “ok” sign signals “good
job” or “well done” right?

Well in parts of South America, this same, “ok”
sign, is an obscene (rude) gesture.

In France, that same “ok” sign means that
something is worthless.
TAKE A
DEEP
BREATH…
4 Oral Communication Situations:

Interpersonal Communication

Group Communication

Public Communication

Interpretive Communication
INTERPERSONAL…

Interpersonal means “between people”. Therefore, interpersonal
communication occurs between 2 people!




EXAMPLES:
Talking to friend on the telephone
Meeting someone at a party
Discussing personal issues with best friend
Studying/observing interpersonal communication helps you
understand more about the communication process that occurs
when individuals talk to each other.
GROUP
Key word…”GROUP”…3 or more (**but no more
than 10-15)

EXAMPLES:






Student council meetings
Class projects in small groups
In life, you will have to work in groups to solve problems or plan
events.
Agree to disagree in group communication
Not everyone can be the “leader”…elect a leader and be the best
follower
There’s a common goal to achieve, so differences must be put
aside.
PUBLIC

Standing and speaking before a group or crowd of people
causes you to take part in PUBLIC communication.


Speaking in public REQUIRES you to be informed and organized.
You MUST be able to connect with your audience.
Different forms of public speaking include:
o
o
o
Informative (i.e., teachers teaching; principal’s announcements)
Persuasive (i.e., commercials)
Demonstrative (i.e., infomercials)
INTERPRETIVE…
Base word…”interpret” means _____________________.
 When you read a story aloud, recite a poem before an audience,
or quote a passage by a famous person, YOU are involved in
interpretive communication.
Interpretive Communication involves:
Bringing literature to life by:
understanding written material very well
 knowing HOW to interestingly present literature for
listeners

WHICH IS WHICH? YOU DECIDE…




In the month of January, many commemorate Dr. King’s life
by reading and discussing his famous, “I have a dream”
speech. ____________________________
Marion Barber gives a brief explanation to Channel 5 News
about his performance during the playoffs.
____________________________
Sam and Jackie plan to go to the movies Friday night.
____________________________
Departments are meeting to plan student goals and
expectations for the upcoming school year.
____________________________
5 PRINCIPLES of Communication:
Transactional
Complex
Unavoidable
Continuous
Learned
PRINCIPLE #1—
TRANSACTIONAL

Transactional refers to the process which involves
exchange

Communicators exchange messages (send and
receive messages) simultaneously (at the same time).
 Again each communicator plays both sender and
receiver in the process of communication
PRINCIPLE #2—
COMPLEX

Communication is complex (meaning difficult) because
communication involves a series of complicated processes.

Each process affects the other which makes communication
complex!

There are SIX reasons WHY communication is complex.
Communication IS COMPLEX because:
(1) Symbolic: meaning is
communicated through symbols,
which are always open to
interpretation
(2) Personal/Cultural:


(3) Irreversible: One cannot
o
take verbal and nonverbal
messages back.
After it’s said and done, one can
ONLY send messages (verbal
and nonverbal) to try and correct
mistakes or misunderstandings
to the original.
A person’s personal background
can affect communication with
them due to their personal
experiences that may be different (4) Impossible to Duplicate :
from yours in several areas.
interaction happens once in exact
way—conditions will never be
the same
Likewise, a person’s culture (and
the practices included) adds barriers
to effectively communicating
with them.
Communication IS COMPLEX because:
(5) Circular—communication
involves original
messages and feedback to
those messages.
FEEDBACK IS NECESSARY
to confirm that
communication has
occurred!
(6) Purposeful—There is
ALWAYS a reason
behind a message.
Communication helps us to
meet needs such as:



NOTICE …I wait to hear a response
when I ask, “Does everyone
understand what they are supposed to
do?” before moving forward. No
answers means awkward moments of
silence!

securing food and shelter
get and give information
belong
be respected and valued as a
person
PRINCIPLE #3
UNAVOIDABLE
It is impossible NOT to communicate!
When you think you’re not, you ARE!
PRINCIPLE #4:
CONTINUOUS

Communication is ONGOING; it keeps going

Once you’ve initially communicated with a person,
future communication is FOREVER impacted by
your initial communication.

Communication continues to influence future
interaction and shape our relationships with
others.
PRINCIPLE #5:
A LEARNED SKILL

You learn to communicate by observing and mimicking
(imitating) the verbal and nonverbal behaviors of people
around you.

If you are around yelling/loud talking, laughter,
fighting/arguing, dancing, studying, cooking, etc., you
to do those things.
learn

It is definitely possible to improve your verbal and
nonverbal communication skills just as it is possible to
improve your reading and writing skills…through
PRACTICE!
THANK YOU…


…for your
UNDIVIDED
attention!
You are
APPRECIATED!

Round of applause
for yourselves!