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Chapter 10
Medieval Kingdoms
in Europe
LESSON 1 – Feudalism
LESSON 2 – Peasants, Trade and Cities
LESSON 3 – The Growth of European Kingdoms
Medieval Kingdoms in Europe
Charlemagne's empire did not survive long
after his death.
Grandsons divided it up.
Invasions by Vikings , Magyars, and Muslims
encouraged a new system of defense known as
feudalism.
INVASIONS
FEUDALISM
The Carolingian Empire of Charlemagne fell:
internal fighting
outside attacks
Most feared attacks from the Vikings, or
NORSEMEN (men from the north )
FEUDALISM
Where exactly?
1) Vikings were from Scandinavia.
FEUDALISM
2) Germanic people who loved adventure and
war.
3) Sacked European towns looking for spoils
of war.
FEUDALISM
4) Great shipbuilders - "dragon ships" could
sail on rivers and attack areas off the coast.
FEUDALISM
6) By mid- 9th century - had begun to settle in
places in Europe
7) 911 A.D. Frankish ruler gave the Vikings
land in Northern France - later became
known as Normandy.
8) Franks were willing to let the Vikings settle in
Europe if converted to Christianity and in this
way, the Vikings became part of European
civilization.
FEUDALISM
The Development of Feudalism
•Centralized Rule: all power in the hands of one
person, such as a king
•After the centralized control of the Carolingians
was lost, FEUDALISM was a system of protection
developed in Europe because of invasions.
FEUDALISM
The Development of Feudalism
One of the main principles of feudalism the idea of
VASSALAGE.
When trained warriors swore loyalty to a "LORD "
who took care of them
FEUDALISM
Europe had many rulers with vast landholdings,
and some known as KINGS
they were not kings of a country, but powerful,
wealthy men.
FEUDALISM
Could this "king" protect his great estate alone?
NO!
feudalism was developed over time.
A system where people with differing
contributions could work together for the
protection of all.
KING > land, includes people who work land > lord or vassal
FIEF = land granted to a lord or vassal
SERF = people who worked the land
The lord could use the land as he wished…
Example: Splitting his holding up and granting
fiefs to lesser lords.
This land holding was the most important gift
that could be given a lord.
The relationship between the Lord and Vassal
required military service in return.
(usually about 40 days per year)
KNIGHTS : armored Calvary who- did most of
the fighting for the lords
The peasants and serfs would work on the
land and pay rent in return for protection .
Sometimes a very complicated system - feudal
relationships were often unclear.
The Feudal Contract was a set of unwritten rules
concerning each party's responsibilities to each
other.
Example: Vassals could serve both Kings and
Lords above them…but what if they became
enemies?
These kings, lords and vassals formed the
aristocracy (nobles) in Europe
CHIVALRY was an ethical code of civilized
behavior that the knights were to uphold:
1) defend the Church and defenseless people
2) treat captives well and with dignity
3) treat women with respect
Women's roles varied at this time:
1) most were subservient to men
2) many noble women helped with running the
estates for their husbands
3) peasant women worked very hard in agriculture
and at home.
Can you guess what this cartoon is referring to?
The logic of the Middle Ages!