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Transcript
13.3 What was the purpose of the Gallipoli campaign? o The Dardanelles opened a gateway to the Ottoman capital, Constantinople (Istanbul) o By securing the Dardanelles, the Allies believed they could take Constantinople and establish a supply line to Russia What was the result of the Gallipoli campaign? o The war turned into a bloody stalemate o In December, after months of trench warfare, the Allies gave up and evacuated o 250,000 Allied casualties resulted 1. U.S.-British relations o The U.S. shared a bond with Great Britain due to its common language and ancestry 2. The Lusitania o May 1915: A German U-boat sinks the British passenger liner, the Lusitania because they suspected it carried ammunition o Over 1,000 people were killed, including 128 American citizens o In 1917 the Germans announce policy of unrestricted submarine warfare. The US cannot accept its ships being targeted. 3. The Zimmerman Note o British. officials intercept a telegram written by German foreign secretary Arthur Zimmerman . Britain informed the US about the telegram. o The telegram was meant for Mexico and promised to help Mexico “reconquer” it’s land from the U.S. if they sided with the Central Powers o Unrestricted submarine warfare and the Zimmerman note were the last straws for the U.S. o The U.S. declares war on Germany in 1917 Why did the czar’s government collapse? o Russian citizens were frustrated by o o o o lack of food and fuel Civil unrest led to the Czar stepping down By 1917, 5.5 million Russian soldiers had been wounded, killed or taken prisoner Vladimir Lenin led a Communist Revolution and overthrew the new government Signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, ending Russia’s involvement in World War I What was the significance of this battle? o After Russia’s withdrawal, Germany sends all of its troops to the Western front o Germans reached the Marne River, just 40 miles outside of Paris o The Allies, including 140,000 fresh U.S. troops launched a counterattack o The refreshed Allied powers used tanks to push back the exhausted German forces What events signaled the defeat of the Central Powers? o Kaiser Wilhelm steps down after soldiers mutiny o Germany declares itself a republic o On November 11th, 1918, Germany and France signed an armistice, effectively ending the war 1. Which of the following is NOT a reason that the U.S. joined the war? o A. Interception of the Zimmerman note o B. Germany’s use of unrestricted submarine warfare o C. Cultural and political ties to Great Britain o D. An alliance with Serbia 2. Which of the following best describes the end of World War I? o A. The opposing sides made an agreement to stop the war o B. The Central powers forced the Allied powers to surrender after the 2nd battle of the Marne o C. The Germans claimed victory after the Russians dropped out of the war o D. The Allied powers forced the Central powers to surrender after the Americans joined the war 3. What was the purpose of the Gallipoli campaign? o A. The Allied powers hoped to seek revenge for the sinking of the Lusitania o B. The Allied powers hoped to gain a supply line for Russia o C. The Allied powers hoped to weaken the Central powers by eliminating any threats from the Ottoman empire o D. The Allied powers hoped to gain a port on the Aegean Sea 4. Which of the following led to the signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk? o A. Russian citizens suffered a shortage of food and fuel o B. The Czar was forced to step down o C. Lenin led a communist revolution which instituted a new government in Russia o D. All of the above 5. What advantage did the Allied powers have over the Germans at the Second Battle of the Marne? o A. Germany was taken by surprise in the Allied attack o B. The Allies were aided by refreshed American troops o C. The Allies used airplanes to drop bombs on German troops o D. All of the above