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Christianity Timeline
Age of Persecution and Apostolic Fathers
125
150
Clement of Rome
Ignatius
Polycarp
190
Tertullian
Justin Martyr
Theophilus
Irenaeus
Tertullian
Origen
Clement
The Didache - Sunday worship was norm
Jerusalem
Council
3 to 5 BC
50
Birth
1. Salvation by Grace of Lord Jesus
of
2. Not by works, Judaism, not religion
Jesus
"Old Roman Creed"
150
First Form of Apostles' creed
Affirmation of Essential Beliefs
"Do you believe in God the Father..?
Do you believe in Jesus Christ..?
Do you believe in the Holy Ghost..?"
Salvation
X Good Works
XI Christ's Sacrifice
XII New Life in Christ
#1 False Worship
End Time Beliefs
XIX Return of Christ
XX Resurrestion
XXI Judgment
XXII Final Destiny
XVIII Kingdom of God
#3 The Lord's Day
1
Canon Crystalized
175
Books of New Testament
Agreed Upon.
1. Apostolicity.
2. Able to edify
7 Books still Disputed:
James, II Peter, II & III John,
Jude, Hebrews, Revelation
In 367 Athansius lists all 27.
Books as Canonical.
- Latter Councils agree.
Scriptures
V Sufficiency
VI Authority
VII New Testament
Liturgies Formalized
200
1. Elders Bcome"ordained"
to do liturgies
2. Sacraments of Baptism &
Communion Ritualized
a. Baptism by Immersion &
Pouring (didache)
b. Baptisms done at
Easter & Pentecost
c. Infant baptism accepted
by 400
XVII The Holy Sacraments
#6 War & Peace
Christianity Timeline
Roman Government Declines in Power -- As the Church Authority Increases
325 - Golden Age of "Scientific Bible Study" - Great Councils Decide Major Points of Theology
Jerome - Vulgate Version -- Augustine-- Chrystosome -- Athanasius
Persecution
Intensifies
250
Results of Persecution:
1. No church property
2. Martyrs - witness great growth
3. System of Elders
system of deacons
4. Lack of ability to
meet and correct
false teachings
250 - 350 Growth in Ascetism
Anthony
Toleration
311
Edict of Milan
Council of Nicea
Council of Constantinople
313
325
381
Constantine
Trinity
Nicene Creed
Freedom for All 1. Arius - Jesus was created by God - Divine but not Deity.
Religions
2. Athanasius - Christ was co-eternal, consubstantial, equal.
3. Eusebius - Compromise.
Christianity Becomes
the Official Religion
of the State
395
This council went with the compromise, but over the next
60 years saw it was not to be compromised.
Developed what we now call the Nicene Creed in 381,
in Constantinople.
GOD
I. The Holy Trinity
II. The Father
III. The Son
IV. The Holy Spirit
2
REFORM
MOVEMENT
Simeon Stylites
Ascetic who sat
on 60ft. Pillar
for 30 years
Christianity Timeline
Council of Ephesus
431
Man's Part is Salvation
1. Pelagius - human will
is invlolved - denied original
sin, or man's depravity.
2. Augustine - God did it all.
3. Cassianus - Compromise
Council went with a
modified Augustine view stated like our Article VIII
MAN
VIII. A Free Moral Person
Council of Chalcedon
451
Nature of Jesus
1. Antioch Theologians
stressed "two natures"
humanity - word - man
2. Alexandrian Theologians
stressed divinity word - flesh
The council did not
try to go either way,
but stressed the
Biblical view that
Jesus was fully God
AND fully man, yet
joined in one
individual - "one
person, one
substance"
Reform Movement
Monastic Order (Communal)
480 - 543
St. Benedict
1. Rejection of wealthy
"Government Church."
2. Rejection of the world's
ways.
3. Dedication to:
prayer and study.
4. Missionaries
#15 Simplicity of Life
#11 Stewardship of Possessions
By this time 22 Articles
of Religion were decided upon
3
Pope Gregory I
590
First "Pope"
Bishop among Bishops
1. By now the Petrine
theory accepted.
Islam Begins
622
Mohammed
570 - 632
2. Warship becomes
controlled and formalized
a. Sacredotalism
Priest is necessary to worship.
b. Gregorian Chant
3. Mary worship begins
"Mary never sinned"
Christianity Timeline
962
Donation of Popin
754
Begins
"Papal States"
Church now enters
the temporal
Political arena.
Roman Empire Ends
- Rise in Feudalism
Holy Roman
Empire Begins
Lasts 'til 1806 - Napoleon
Charlemagne
800
Last of the Great
Roman Emperors
(7 ft. tall - a man of war)
Otto Crowned
962
POPES
now crown
the Emperor
and hold control
1050
Rome excommunicates
Michael Cerularius, the
Patriarch of Constantinople
over affairs
of state.
Church begins to take hard
line on reformers
1050 Scholasticism Begins
"Doctors" of theology - an attempt to organize theology into a "system"-systematic theology
1. Anselm - "I believe in order that I may know"-FAITH IS PRIMARY
2. Abelard - "I know in order that I may believe" - REASON IS PRIMARY
3. Thomas Aquinas - synthesis of FAITH & Reason - Man is not totally depraved
4. Bacon - Scientific method
4
Reform
Movement
1054
Mysticism
Mysticism
Reacts t
Reacted Reacted
to by a maj
to
Christianity Timeline
EASTERN ORTHODOX CHURCH BEGINS
Eastern Orthodox
1. Doesn't accept Rome's Authority
2. Allows marriage of Clergy.
3. Wants Easter to be on the right date - not day (Sunday)
4. Holy Spirit proceeds from Son - not Father & Son
5. From now on church changes very little
PAPAL RULE
College of Cardinal
1059
Election of Pope
Pope Gregory VII
1073
Increased Papel
Power
Reform Movement
Peak of Papal
Power
Crusades
Begin
1075
First
Crusade
Took
Jerusalem
Waldenses
1184
Pete Waldo
(Also excommunicted)
1. Wanted new "life"
in worship
from Moslems
2. Bible in vernacular
Reacts to Scholasticism
by a major movement in mysticism
1. Catherine of Siena saw visions about evils of clergy
2. Meister Eckhart fusion of human essence with divine essience in ecstatic experience
3. Thomas a Kempis - imitation of Christ
5
2nd
Crusade
1187
3rd
Crusade
1192
Inocent III
1198
Prime
Example of
Papal Power
Philip & Ingeborg
of France
Interdict in 1200
closed churches
Refrom Movement
Friars
1210
Franciscans & Dominicans
Poor Clares
Franciscans begin Hospitals
Dominicans begin Universities
Stayed within the church
as a reaction to cold
reasonable scholasticism
Christianity Timeline
Eastern Orthodox
Decrease in Papal Power / Increase in "Nastions" States
--Strict celibate hierarchy causes decline
in clergy morale and morals
Children's
Crusade
1212
4th Lateran
Council
1215
Transubstantiation
Life - giving
sacrament
controlled by
Synod of Toulouse
and 6th Crusade
1229
1. Forbade
vernacular
scriptures
the church
2. Retook Jerusalem
leaving the
Mosque of Omar
Tremendous
power over
Kings and
commoners
Gregory IX
1223
Commissioned
the dominicans
to punish
heresy
Roots of
"Inquisition"
Pope
Boniface
1301
Make a last ditch
Proclamation
"Unam sanctum"
Pope at Roman Church
has spiritual and
Temporal power over
all, and submission
to the Pope is "necessary
for salvation."
Papacy Moved to
Avignon
1309
State
Controlled
Pope
Lollards
1382
John Wycliff
1. Christ is head of
Church.
Roots of the
Reformation
1401
Death penalty
for being a
Lollard
2. Bible in vernacular.
3. Opposed to
transubstantiation
4. Forced to retire, but
began "Lollard's"
travelling preachers
1350 -- 1350
Renaissance
-- Rena
6
Christianity Timeline
Eastern Orthodox
NATION STATES RULE
Nations Support Reformation
Nations Support Refor
No more Papal Temporal
No moreAuthority
Papal Tempora
THE REFORMATION
1415
John Huss,
Wycliff student,
burned at stake
by the
Reform Council
1431
Tried to change
the Church
Council of
Constance
Council of
Florence
1439
Pope responds
by increasing
sacradotal
sacraments.
7 Sacraments now
all demanding a
priest.
Pius II
1460
Decreed:
"No more
reforming
councils
can be
held."
Columbus
1492
Erasmus
1516
Prints N.T.
in Greek
Original
truths
Luther's
95 Theses
1517
1. Scripture as Authority
2. Faith as means of salvation,
not "transubstantiation"
3. Christ as Head of the Church
Luther is
Excommunicated
1520
now set free 4. Clean up the bribery and
immoral clergy
5. Stop selling indulgences
Until now refromation
Until was
now controlled
refromation
within
was -controlled
but now new
within
churches
- but now
begin!
new c
issance & Rebirth -- 1650
7
Christianity Timeline
Eastern Orthodox
mation
l Authority
Melanthon
1521
Reformation
Theologian
hurches begin!
Lutherans
1. Change in worship:
a. Preaching central - not mass.
b. Vernacular congregational singing.
2. New Church government system.
3. Elementary education for children (S.S.)
4. Bible as Authoity.
5. Faith brings salvation.
German
N.T.
1522
Luther
puts N.T.
in vernacular
Reform
Attempt
1523
Reformation
Result
1530 Augsburg Confession
29 Articles of Religion
ANABAPTISTS
Conrad Glebel
contested infant
baptism.
Rebaptism
required.
1526
Persecution
by
Drowning
The Church
XV The Church
XVI The Language of Worship
#8 Public Schools
8
1534
Henry VIII
Act of Supremacy
Act of Suprem
Christianity Timeline
Counter Reformation
Eastern Orthodox
ROMAN CATHOLICS
1540 Jesuits Ordained
Lutheran
Church of England -1. King is Head of Church
2. Roman theolgy
3. Bible in Engish
macy
1545 Council of Trent
1. Added Apocryphal Books to Bible
2. Church, Bible, equal in authority
3. Faith AND works necessary for salvation
4. 7 sacraments reaffirmed
5. Transubstantiation reaffirmed
6. Purgatory begins
7. Pope is head of the Church
Anglican -- American Episcopal
John Calvin's "Institutes"
1536 Total Depravity -- God does it all
Unconditional Election -- Double predestination
Limited Atonement -- God saves only those elected
Irresistable Grace -- If God chose you - you will be saved
Perseverance of the Saints -- will never fall away
Reformed Churches
1545
French Huguenots
Anabaptists
9
Christianity Timeline
Eastern Orthodox
Roman Catholic
Lutheran
English Presbyterian Remain Calvinistic
1606 American Congregational Churches
Religious
Reformation
1549
1. Clergy can marry
2. Communion up to laity
3. Book of Common Prayer
Veinacular Worship
Religious
Reformation
1563
39 Articles
1. Comunion, not transubstantiation
2. Bible as authority
3. Calvinian influence
Puritans-Congregation-Baptist-Remain Calvinist
1567
Anglican Becomes Arminian High Church
Arminius Not
1. Man is not totally depraved-He can respond to God
2. All can be saved-condition is out response
3. Atonement is universal
4. Grace can be resisted
5. Persons can fall away
1560 John Knox - Scottish Presbyterian
French Huguenots
Anabaptists - Mennonites
XIV Restoration
10
Christianity Timeline
Eastern Orthodox
Roman Catholic
Lutheran
1629 Mass Bay Congregatonalists
1616 Independent Baptists
English Presbyterian
American Congregational
Independent Baptists
REFORMER
1703 - 1791
John Wesley
1678
Quaker
1618 Reformed Churches
Scottish Presbyterian
United Presbyterian
Dutch Reformed
Mennonites
11
Christianity Timeline
Eastern Orthodox
1854
Immaculate
Conception
Roman Catholic
Lutheran
1870
Papal
Infallibility
English Presbyterian
American Congregational
Independent Baptists
Anglican/Episcopal
Anglican/Episcopal
United Methodist
1. Armenian
2. Societies
1860 3. Early Christian
1791
Methodist
1. Spiritual Revival
2. Small group "societies" - Methodists
3. Social Welfare.
4. Remained an Anglican priest, but forbidden a pulpit.
5. Emphasis on Holy Spirit's Sanctifying work
Quakers
Methodist
Scottish Presbyterian
United Presbyterian
Dutch Reformed
French Huguenots
Mennonites
IX Law of Life & Love
XII Entire Sanctification
#4 Human Rights
#2 Secret Societies
#17 Christian Citizenship #16 Employer/ Employee
#7 Cival Oaths
#9 Discipline of the Body #10 Misuse of drugs
12
Christianity Timeline
Eastern Orthodox
1961 Vatican II
Roman Catholic
Lutherans
English Presbyterian
American Congregational
Independent Baptist
Calvinian Congregational
Anglican/Episcopal
1878 Salvation Army
United Methodist
Salvation Army
Quakers
Reformer
B.T. Roberts
1. Injustice of Slavery
FREE METHODIST CHURCH
2. Equality of Women
3. Lay Participation
4. Simplicity
5. Holy Spirit's Sanctifying work
Scottish Presbyterian
United Presbyterian
Dutch Reformed
Huguenots
Mennonites
B.T. Roberts
kicked out of
the Methodist
Episcopal Church
#13 Entertainment #18 Marriage and Family
#14 Pornography #12 Gambling
#5 The Sanctity of Human Life #19 Homosexual Behavior
13