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The efficacy of communication is impacted by how much noise there is in the communication channel. LEARNING OBJECTIVE [ edit ] Understand the risk of distractions and noise reducing communication effectiveness KEY POINTS [ edit ] Communication involves a sender transmitting a message to a recipient, who then decodes and interprets that message. This means there are multiple points in the communication process where misinterpretation and distraction are possible. There are certain barriers to effective communication that everyorganization faces. These potential interruptions of the flow of information are referred to as "noise". Communicative problems (i.e., noise) can be categorized into three groups: technical, semantic, or efficacy-related. Examples of noise include environmental noise, physiological-impairment noise, semantic noise, syntactical noise, organizational noise, cultural noise, and psychological noise. TERMS [ edit ] semantic Related to meaning. noise Various sounds, usually unwanted. Syntactical Related to the set of rules that govern how words are combined into meaningful phrases and sentences. Give us feedback on this content: FULL TEXT [edit ] The Communicative Process Mathematicians Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver definedcommunication as comprising the following five general components: 1. An information source (i.e., sender). This produces a message; in an oral conversation, the information source is simply the speaker. 2. A transmitter. This encodes the Register for FREE to stop seeing ads message into signals. 3. A channel. Signals are adapted to this channel for transmission. 4. A receiver. This "decodes" (i.e., reconstructs) the message from the received signals. 5. A destination. This is where the message arrives; in an oral conversation, the destination is simply the listener. Shannon-Weaver model of communication This diagram shows the five steps of the communicative process identified by Shannon and Weaver. Distractions—i.e., noise—can disrupt the flow of information between any of these five stages. That is to say, issues in communication pertaining to distraction could affect the sender, the message itself, the channel it is being sent through, or the recipient of that message. Communicative Interference Every organization faces certain barriers to communication. Shannon and Weaver argue there are three particular layers of communication problems: Technical: How accurately can the message be transmitted? Semantic: How precisely can the meaning be conveyed? Efficacy-related: How effectively does the received meaning affect behavior? These layers relate to a variety of types of noise that can interfere with communication. Environmental Noise Environmental noise is noise that physically disrupts communication, such as very loud speakers at a party or the sounds from a construction site next to a classroom. Physiological-Impairment Noise Physical conditions such as deafness or blindness can impedeeffective communication and interfere with messages being clearly and accurately received. Semantic Noise Semantic noise refers to when a speaker and a listener have different interpretations of the meanings of certain words. For example, the word "weed" can be interpreted as an undesirable plant in a yard or as a euphemism for marijuana. Syntactical Noise Communication can be disrupted by mistakes in grammar, such as an abrupt change in verb tense during a sentence. Organizational Noise Poorly structured messages can also be a barrier. For example, a receiver who is given unclear, badly worded directions may be unable to figure out how to reach their destination. Cultural Noise Making stereotypical assumptions, such as unwittingly offending a non-Christian person by wishing them a "Merry Christmas," can also detract from communication. Because of this, it is important that each side of a conversation understands the culture of the other party. Psychological Noise Certain attitudes can also make communication difficult. For instance, significant anger or sadness may cause someone to lose focus on the present moment. By acknowledging and adjusting to noise, a communicator can make it more likely that their message will be received as intended.