Download Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Vocabulary File

Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration Vocabulary:
1) Energy = the ability to do work
2) ATP = (adenosine triphosphate); energy storing molecule
3) ADP = adenosine diphosphate
4) Photosynthesis = the process that provides energy for almost all life
5) Autotroph = organisms that make their own food
6) Chlorophyll = green pigment in chloroplasts that traps sunlight
7) Light Reactions = Light energy is converted to chemical energy; Energy is captured from sunlight in the
chlorophyll of the chloroplasts of plant cells.
8) Dark Reactions = (Calvin Cycle); Carbon dioxide (CO2) and the chemical energy stored in ATP and
NADPH powers the formation of carbohydrate molecules (sugars, starch and cellulose)
9) Stroma = specific location on a chloroplast where the dark reactions occur
10) Glycolysis = Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell
 Starting molecule: ONE molecule of glucose (C6H12O6)
 Produces: TWO pyruvic acids or pyruvates (C3H6O3); 2 ATP molecules
 Attaches H’s to NAD+ (electron carrier) and forms NADH (high energy molecule)
11) Aerobic = requires oxygen
12) Pyruvic Acid = (pyruvate) C3H6O3
13) Kreb Cycle = also called the citric acid cycle
 Aerobic process (requires oxygen)
 Occurs in the mitochondrion
 Starting molecules: 2 pyruvates and oxygen
 Produces: NADH and FADH2, CO2 and 2 ATP molecules
14) ETC = Electron Transport Chain
 Aerobic process (requires oxygen)
 Occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondria
 Starting molecules: NADH and FADH2 and oxygen
o Uses the NADH and FADH2 from the Kreb’s Cycle and another NADH from Glycolysis.
 Produces: Water and 32 ATP’s
o FADH2 and NADH, release H’s so they can attach to oxygen and produce water
15) NADH & FADH = high energy molecules
16) Anaerobic = no oxygen present
17) Alcoholic Fermentation = Occurs in plants
 Starting molecules: 2 pyruvates and NADH (from glycolysis)
 Produces: ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide.
 Bakers use alcoholic fermentation of YEAST to make bread.
 Used to make wine and beer
18) Lactic Acid Fermentation = Occurs in animals
 Starting molecules: 2 pyruvates and NADH (from glycolysis)
 Produces: lactic acid
 Lactic acid fermentation by microorganisms plays an essential role in the manufacturing of food
products such as yogurt and cheese.