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1 April 28, 2017 CURRICULUM VITAE NAME Thomas Charles Merigan, Jr., M.D. BUSINESS ADDRESS Division of Infectious Diseases Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, California 94305-5107 E-Mail: [email protected] EDUCATION B.A. (with honors), University of California, Berkeley, CA, 1955 M.D., University of California, San Francisco, California, 1958 EMPLOYMENT Summer student Cardiovascular Fellowship, University of California, 1956-1957 Intern and Assistant Resident in Medicine, Second and Fourth (Harvard) Medical Services, Boston City Hospital, Boston, MA, 1958-1960 Clinical Associate, Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, National Heart Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 1960-1962 Associate, Section on Chemical Genetics, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 1962-1963 Assistant Professor of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1963-1967 Associate Professor of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1967-1972 Professor of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1972-1980 Head, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1966-1992 George E.and Lucy Becker Professor of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1980-2004 George E and Lucy Becker Professor of Medicine, Emeritus (active) Stanford University School of Medicine, 2004-present Retired from Stanford University, 2007 SOCIETIES Alpha Omega Alpha Medical Honor Society, 1958 American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1970 (Fellow, 1996-present) (Council Delegate, Section on Medical Sciences, 2000-2003) American Association of Immunologists, 1969 American Federation for Clinical Research, 1962 American Medical Association, 1972 American Society for Clinical Investigation, 1969 (Member, Council, 1977-80) American Society for Microbiology, 1965 American Society for Virology, Founding Member, 1981 Association of American Physicians, 1977 California Academy of Medicine, 1970 California Medical Association, 1972 Drug Information Association, 1997 Infectious Diseases Society of America, 1967 (Fellow, 1975-present) International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research, 1983 (Member, International Council, 1983-1989) (Elected to Honorary Membership, 2001). International AIDS Society, 1990 National Academy of Medicine, National Academy of Science, 1980 Pan American Group for Rapid Viral Diagnosis, 1979 Royal Society of Medicine, 1970 Santa Clara County Medical Society, 1972 2 Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 1966 (Member, Publications Committee, 1985-1989) Western Association of Physicians, 1975 Western Society for Clinical Research, 1965 EDITORIAL RESPONSIBILITIES Member, Editorial Board, Archives of Internal Medicine, 1971-1981 Member, Editorial Board, Journal of General Virology, 1972-1977 Member, Editorial Board, Infection and Immunity, 1973-1981 Member, Editorial Board, Intervirology, 1973-1985 Associate Editor, Virology, 1975-1978 Co-Editor, Monograph Series, Current Topics in Infectious Diseases, Plenum Publishing Corp., 19751985 Member, Editorial Board, Proceedings of Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 1978 - 1987 Member, Editorial Board, Reviews of Infectious Diseases, 1979-1989 Member, Editorial Board, Antivirals Research, 1980-1987 Member, Editorial Board, Journal of Interferon Research, 1980-1988 Member, Editorial Board, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 1981-1991 Member, Editorial Board, Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, 1982-1989 Member, Editorial Board, AIDS Research & Human Retroviruses, 1983-present Member, Editorial Board, Journal of Virology, 1984 - 1990 Member, Editorial Board, Antimicrobial Agents Annual, 1985-1990 Member, Editorial Board, Journal of Biological Regulators and Homeostatic Agents, 1987-1990. Associate Editor, Cancer Research, 1987 - 1992 Member, Editorial Board, Biotechnology Therapeutics, 1988-1997. Member, Editorial Board, Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1989-1994. Member, Editorial Board, Clinical Drug Investigation, 1989-2007. Member, Editorial Board, AIDS Clinical Digest, 1989-1993 Chairman, Editorial Board, HIV: Advances in Research and Therapy, 1990-2000. Member, Editorial Board, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 1990-1998. Member, Editorial Board, The AIDS Reader, 1991-2007 Member, Editorial Board, AIDS, 1993-1996 Member, Editorial Board, BioDrugs, 1994-2007 Member, Editorial Board, Antiviral Therapy, 1996-1999 GOVERNMENT APPOINTMENTS Senior Surgeon, United States Public Health Service, stationed at National Heart Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, 1960-1963 Inactive Reserve, United States Public Health Service, Bethesda, Maryland, 1963-1980 Consultant, Veterans Administration Hospital, Palo Alto, California, 1966-present Member, Microbiology Research Training Grants Committee, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Institutes of Health, United States Public Health Service, Bethesda, MD,1969-73 Consultant, Antiviral Substances Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, United States Public Health Service, Bethesda, Maryland, 1970-1984 Member, Immunology-Epidemiology Work Group, Immunology Segment, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service, Bethesda, Maryland, 1973-1974 Member, Virology Study Section, Division of Research Grants, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service, Bethesda, Maryland, 1974-1978 Member, Virology Task Force, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service, Bethesda, Maryland, 1976-1978 Member, U.S. Hepatitis Panel, U.S.-Japan Cooperative Medical Science Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, United States Public Health Service, Bethesda, Maryland, 1979-1990 Member, Board of Scientific Counselors, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service, Bethesda, Maryland, 1980-1984 3 Member, Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee, Center for Drugs and Biologics, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, 1984-1988 Member, Viral and Rickettsia Peer Review Panel to the U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, American Institute of Biological Sciences, 1986-1988 Member, AIDS Clinical Drug Development Committee, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, 1986-1994. Chairman, Primary Infection Committee, AIDS Clinical Trials Group, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, 1986-1990. Member, AIDS Subcommittee, National Advisory Allergy and Infectious Diseases Council, NIAID, Bethesda, MD, 1988-1989. Member, National Committee to Review Current Procedures for Approval of New Drugs for Cancer and AIDS. President's Cancer Panel, National Cancer Institute. 1989-1990. Member, Executive Committee, AIDS Clinical Trials Group, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, 1991-1994. Member, Scientific Advisory Board, Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS(CPCRA), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 2000-2004. Member, Virology Immunology Working Group, Terry Berin County Program for Clinical Research and AIDS (CPCRA), National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, 2002 - 2004. STANFORD UNIVERSITY ACTIVITIES Director, Diagnostic Microbiology Laboratory, Stanford University Hospital, 1966-1972 Hospital Epidemiologist, Stanford University Hospital, 1966-1988 Director, Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, Stanford University Hospital, 1969-1999 Member, Search Committee, Chairman, Department of Pediatrics, 1975-1976 Chairman, Research Committee, Department of Medicine, 1976-1978 Member, Search Committee, Chairman, Department of Microbiology, 1977-1980. Chairman, Search Committee, Vice President for Medical Affairs, School of Medicine, 1979-1980 Member, Board, Institute of Biological and Clinical Investigation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 1981-1984 Principal Investigator, NIAID sponsored AIDS Clinical Trials Unit, 1986-2004 Director, Center for AIDS Research, 1988-2004. Member, General Clinical Research Center Advisory (GCRC) Committee. 2000-2004. . SCIENTIFIC AND OTHER BOARDS Member, Scientific Advisory Board, Cetus Corp., 1979-1991 Member, Medical Advisory Board, Saudi Arabian Hospital Division, Whittaker & Co., 1980-1985. Member, Scientific Advisory Board, Triton Pharmaceutical Corp., 1983-1985. Chair, Scientific Advisory Board, Exovir Corp., 1983-1991 Member, Board of Directors, Exovir Corp., 1989-1991 Chair, Immunology Advisory Board, Bristol-Myers Squibb Corp., 1989-1997 Member, Immunology Advisory Board, Bristol-Myers Squibb Corp. 1997-2001 Member, Scientific Advisory Board, IDEC Corp., 1990-1996 Member, Clinical Advisory Board, IDEC Corp., 1992-1996 Member, Scientific Advisory Board, Microprobe Corp., 1992-1994. Member, Scientific Advisory Board, SciClone Corp., 1992-1996 Chair, Scientific Advisory Board, Sequel Corp. [a Cytel Corp subsidiary], 1992-1996 Member, Board of Directors, Sequel Corp., 1993-1996 Member, Scientific Advisory Board, Scotgen Corp., 1993-1995 Member, Scientific Advisory Board, Calydon Corp., 1994-2001 Member, Board of Trustees, BIOSIS, 1995-1997 Member, Board of Directors, Hollis-Eden Corp., 1996-2010 Academic Associate, Quest Diagnostics, Inc., Nichols Institute, 1996-2010 4 Member, Board of Directors, Beacon Diagnostics, Inc. 1997-2000. Member, Scientific Advisory Board, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, 1998-2004 Member, Scientific Advisory Board, Research Institute for Genetic and Human Therapy (RIGHT), Georgetown and Pavia Universities, 1998-2004. Member, Board of Directors, Visible Genetics Inc., 1999 Chairman, Scientific Advisory Board, Nexol Biotech, 2000 - 2010 Member, Scientific Advisory Board, Virology Networks, BV, 2000 - 2001 Member, Scientific Advisory Board, GenStar Therapeutics Inc., 2001-2003 OTHER ACTIVITIES Visiting Worker with Dr. David Tyrrell at the Medical Research Council's Common Cold Unit, Salisbury, and Clinical Research Center, Northwick Park Hospital, London, England, 1972-1973 Clinical Assistant in Communicable Diseases, General Medical Council, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow and Harvard Hospital, Salisbury, England, 1972-1973. Co-Chairman, Interferon Evaluation Committee, American Cancer Society, New York, New York, 19781981 Guest Investigator with Dr. Charles Chany, Unite de Recherché Sur Les Virus-Inserum Unit 43, Hopital Saint Vincent-de-Paul Paris, Summer, 1978 Advisory Committee, John A. and George L. Hartford Fellowship Program, John A. Hartford Foundation, Inc., New York, New York, 1979-1984 Testified at Hearings, Subcommittee on Appropriations, Departments of Labor-Health and Welfare and Education: U.S. Senate and House of Representatives, Spring 1980, 1981, 1982, Human Resources and Intergovernmental Relations Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives, Spring 1988, and Subcommittee on Health and the Environment of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, Spring 1992. Member, Albert Lasker Awards Jury, Albert and Mary Lasker Foundation, New York, New York, 19811984 Member, Committee on Public-Private Sector Relations in Vaccine Innovation, Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., 1983-1985 Member, International Advisory Committee on Biologic Sciences, Science Council of Singapore, 19851988. Member, Medical and Scientific Advisory Council (MASAC), National Hemophilia Foundation, New York, 1987-1990. Member, Selection Committee for ICN International Prize in Virology, 1987-1998. Member, Committee for the Study of Resources for Clinical Investigation, Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, 1988. Member, Committee to Study the Use of Advisory Committees by the Food and Drug Administration, Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences, Washington D.C., 1991 - 1992. Member, Review Team, Quinquennial Review of National Center in HIV Virology Research, Melbourne Australia, 1997. Member, HIV/AIDS Clinical Bench working Committee, University Health Systems Consortium, Chicago,1998. HONORS John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Fellowship Award, 1972. Borden Award for Outstanding Research, American Association of Medical Colleges, 1973. Identified as one of “The One Thousand Most Cited Contemporary Scientists”, 19731982,Institute for Scientific Information. MERIT (Method to Extend Research in Time) Award, National Institutes of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, 5 1988. Maxwell Finland Lectureship Award, Infectious Diseases Society of America, 1988. Establishment of Annual Thomas C. Merigan, Jr. Endowed Lectureship in Infectious Diseases at Stanford University School of Medicine, Funded by friends and former fellows, 1994. Elected Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1996. Elected to Honorary Membership, International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research, 2001. “Making a Difference” Award, Hollis-Eden Corporation, San Diego, CA 2001. Identified as one of “The 250 Most Highly Cited Scientists in Clinical Medicine”. 1982-2001, Institute of Scientific Information.2004 Honored by the establishment of the Thomas C. and Joan M. .Merigan Chair in Medicine at Stanford University 2007 BOARDS Diplomate, California State Board of Medical Examiners, 1958-2010. Diplomate, American Board of Internal Medicine, 1965. SPECIAL LECTURESHIPS Lecturer, Seminars in Medicine of the Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 1967. Guest Lecturer, Soviet Academy of Science, Annual Symposium of the Institute for Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides, Moscow, USSR, 1968. Lecturer, Honors Program, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 1969. Sommer Memorial Lecturer, Portland, Oregon, 1973. Society of Fellows Lecturer, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA, 1974. State of the Art Lecturer, American College of Physicians Annual Meeting, San Francisco, California, 1975. Century Forum Lecturer, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 1976. Guest Speaker, 5th Scandinavian Virus Symposium, Marstrand, Sweden, 1977. Invited Lecturer, Deutsches Gessellschaft fur Hygiene and Mikrobiologie, Lubeck-Travemunde, West Germany, 1977. Carl Gayler Harford Visiting Professor of Infectious Diseases, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 1978. Werner Braun Memorial Lecturer, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 1979. Traveling Lecturer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking, China, 1979. Guest Speaker, Australian Society for Microbiology, Adelaide, Australia, 1979. Special University Lecturer, Univ. of London, London & Guest Lecturer, Society for General Microbiology, Manchester, England, 1979. Andrew Mark Lippard Memorial Lecturer, Columbia Univ., New York, 1979. Carole DeMille Lecturer, Association for Practitioners in Infection Control, San Francisco, California, 1980. ICAAC Annual Special Lecturer, Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, New Orleans, Louisiana, 1980. Meadow Brook Lecturer Series in Medicine and Surgery, Oakland Health Education Program, Rochester, Michigan, 1980. Louis Philippe Mousseau Lecturer, Edmonton General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, 1981. Donald E. Johnson Lecturer on Cancer Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 1981. James W. McLaughlin Visiting Professor, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 1981. Special Lecturer, X International Symposium for Comparative Research on Leukemia and Related Diseases, Los Angeles, California, 1981. Inaugural Lecturer, Danish Society for Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen, Denmark, 1981. Sir Henry Hallett Dale Memorial Lecturer, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore Maryland, 1982. Friday at Four Lecturer, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada, 1982. University Lecturer and External Referee, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 1983. 6 Invited Lecturer, 57th Congress of Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases, Osaka, Japan, 1983. William N. Creasy (Burroughs Welcome) Visiting Professorship of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 1983. Distinguished Visiting Lecturer, 25th Medical School Reunion, Alumni Faculty Association, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, 1983. Wellcome Foundation Lecturer, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 1984. Invited Speaker, Medical Grand Rounds, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 1984. Sandoz Foundation Lecturer, Institut Fur Klinsche Virologie, University of Erlanger-Nurnberg, Erlanger, Germany, 1984. Visiting Professor of Infectious Diseases, University of Singapore & Ministry of Health, Singapore, 1984. Special Lecturer, U.S.-India Science and Technology Initiative, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India, 1985. Foundation for Microbiology Lecturer, American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C., 1985-1986. Pan American Health Organization Lecturer, Second Cuban Interferon Seminar, Havana, Cuba, 1986. Special Invited Lecturer and External Referee, Third Kuwait International Medical Sciences Conference, Kuwait University, Kuwait, 1987. Basic Science Interdepartmental Seminar, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, 1987. Anne Yeager Lecturer, Good Samaritan Hospital, San Jose, California, 1988. Schering Lecturer, First Hellenic-British-Scandinavian Meeting on Antimicrobial Chemotherapy and Infectious Diseases, Reykjavik, Iceland, 1988. Maxwell Finland Lecturer, Infectious Diseases Society of America, Los Angeles, California, 1988. Roundtable Chairman, Conference on "Biomedical Research Strategy on AIDS" Institut de la Vie, Yvedon-les-Bains, Switzerland, 1989. Plenary Speaker, 4th National Forum on AIDS and Hepatitis B, National Foundation for Infectious Diseases, Washington DC, 1989. Invited Speaker, Recent Advances in Infectious Diseases Symposium, Joint Board for Postgraduate Medical Education, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 1990. Invited Participant, Satellite Symposium on Therapeutic Approaches to HIV Disease, Third German AIDS Conference, Hamburg, and Early Medical Intervention in HIV Infection, Royal College of Physicians of Ireland, Dublin, 1990. Invited Participant, International Workshop on Viral Quantitation in HIV Infection, Hopital Necker, Paris, France, 1991. Invited Participant, and Organizer, Second Conference on "Biomedical Research Strategy on AIDS", Institut de la Vie, Cranes Montana, Switzerland, 1991. Guest Speaker, 5th National Forum on AIDS, Hepatitis and other Blood Borne Diseases, National Foundation for Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia, 1992. Plenary Speaker, Second International Symposium on Combination Therapies, Catania, Sicily, 1992. Featured Speaker, VII Congresso Brasiliero de Infectiologia, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 1992. Invited Speaker, Therapeutic Management of HIV Patients: Clinical/Laboratory Trials, Satellite Meeting at VII International Conference on AIDS, Amsterdam, 1992. Plenary Speaker, International Symposium on Advances in Pathogenesis and Therapy of HIV Infection and AIDS, Ramon Areces Foundation, Madrid, Spain, 1992. Invited Speaker, International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, Scotland, 1992. Plenary Speaker, Australasian Society of HIV Medicine, Sydney, and Grand Rounds at Westmead Hospital, Sydney and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia, 1993. Invited Speaker "Strategies for the Use of Immunotherapeutic Vaccines" Satellite Symposium at ICAAC, New Orleans, Louisiana, 1993. Baxter Lecturer, Pathogenesis Affinity Group of the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, 1993. Keynote Speaker "Viral Response Driven Therapy", 2nd International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIVInfection, Glasgow, Scotland, 1994. Scotgen Lecture, Marshal Univ., Aberdeen, Scotland: "Control of HIV: A Goal for the Next Century", 1994. Co-Chairman, Surrogate HIV Markers: Strategies and Issues for Selection and Use. Arlington, VA, 1994. Invited Speaker, Ciba/Geigy Workshop on HIV Drugs, Basle, Switzerland, 1995. Guest Speaker, Project Inform Workshop on Immune Reconstruction, Oakland, California, 1995. Plenary Speaker, Burroughs Welcome Symposium on Combination Therapy, Berlin, Germany, 1995. 7 Guest Speaker, 4th International Workshop on HIV Drug Resistance, Sardinia, Italy, 1995. Invited Speaker, Overview & Status of HIV Disease Course: Prevention and/or Control, Pavia, Italy, 1995. Guest Speaker, Program Directors Scientific Session, GCRC Meeting, Arlington, VA, 1996. Session Chair, 5th International Workshop on HIV Drug Resistance, Whistler Mountain, Canada, 1996. Plenary Speaker, 1st Nippo-Brazilian Congress on Human Retroviruses: HTLV and HIV, San Paulo, 1996. Invited Speaker and Scientific Committee Member, 3rd International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Birmingham, England, 1996. Plenary Speaker, IX Symposium on HIV Infection, Toulon, France, 1997. Invited Speaker, 20th International Congress of Chemotherapy, Sydney, Australia, 1997. Guest Speaker, Institut Territorial de Recherches Medicales Louis Malarde, Associe a L’Institut Pasteur a Paris, Papeete, Tahiti, 1997. Guest Speaker, Use of PCR to Measure HIV Viral Changes in Drug Resistant Genes in Genital Fluids at The Workshop on HIV-1 and Gametes, Siena, Italy, October 14-17, 1997. Invited speaker, Cellular Factors: Targets for the Treatment of HIV Infection, Pavia, Italy, 1998. Scientific Committee Member, 2nd International Workshop on HIV Drug Resistance and Treatment Strategies, Lake Maggiorie, Italy, 1998. Member, Advisory Board, 4th International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, Scotland, 1998. Session Chair and Speaker, 1st German National Symposium on HIV Drug Resistance and implications For Clinical Care, Frankfurt, Germany, February 26-28, 1999. Speaker, Managing Drug Failure, Viral Resistance and Salvage Therapies, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, 1999. Invited Speaker, Targeting HIV Reservoirs and Reconstituting the Immune System, RIGHT, Washington D.C. 1999. Session Chair and Scientific Committee Member, 3rd International Workshop on HIV Drug Resistance and Treatment Strategies, San Diego, CA, 1999. Invited Speaker and Scientific Committee Member, The Rome State of the Art Meeting on HIV Treatment, Rome Italy, 1999. Scientific Committee Member, 1st International Workshop on Clinical Pharmacology of HIV Therapy, Noordwijk, the Netherlands, 2000. Member, Forum for Collaborative HIV Research: Meeting on Drug Interaction Research in HIV Disease, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, 2000. Co-Organizer and Speaker, From Laboratory to Patient: Course in HIV Resistance & Resistance Assays. Miami [May], San Diego [June] and New York City [October] 2000. Invited Lecturer, KonKuk University, Seoul, Korea, 2000, National Institute for Virology, Johannesburg, South Africa and Sydney University, Sydney Australia, 2000. Scientific Committee Member and Session Chair, 4th International Workshop on HIV Drug Resistance and Treatment Strategies, Sitges, Spain, 2000. Invited Speaker, Annual Meeting of the Institute of Human Virology, Baltimore, Maryland, 2000. Invited Speaker, DART 2000 Meeting, Puerto Rico, 2000. Invited Speaker, Medical Grand Rounds, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 2001.Scientific Committee Member, 2nd International Workshop on Clinical Pharmacology of HIV Therapy, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, 2001. Scientific Committee Member, 5th International Workshop on Drug Resistance and Treatment Strategies, Scottsdale, Arizona, 2001. Invited Speaker, Why is Stanford Excellent?, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea, 2001. Co-organizer, Session Chair and Workshop Participant, From Laboratory to Patient: Course on Drug Resistance and Resistance Assays, San Francisco, California, 2001. Hilleman Lectureship, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 2001. Co-organizer and Workshop Participant in “From Laboratory to Patient: Course on Clinical Management of HIV”. Stanford, CA, 2002. Keynote Speaker, 1st Artus Hamburg PCR Symposium, Hamburg, Germany, 2002. Scientific Committee Member, 6th International Workshop on Drug Resistance and Treatment Strategies, Seville, Spain, 2002. Scientific Committee Member, 7th International Workshop on Drug Resistance and Treatment 8 Strategies, Cabo San Lucas, 2003. BOOKS AND PUBLISHED SYMPOSIA Merigan, T.C. (Editor), Symposium on Interferon and Host Response to Viral Infection. In Archives of Internal Medicine, 126, American Medical Association, Chicago, 1970, 108 pp. Merigan, T.C. (Editor), Antivirals with Clinical Potential, University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London, 1976, 292 pp. William B. Greenough III and Thomas C. Merigan (Editors) Current Topics in Infectious Disease, The Atypical Mycobacteria and Human Mycobacteriosis, John S. Chapman. Plenum Medical Book Company, New York and London, (1977) 200 pp. Galasso, G.J., Merigan, T.C. and Buchanan, R.A. (Editors), Antiviral Agents & Viral Diseases of Man. Raven Press, New York,1979, 719 pp. William B. Greenough III and Thomas C. Merigan (Editors) Current Topics in Infectious Disease. Coccidioidomycosis, David A. Stevens, M.D. Plenum Medical Book Company, New York and London. (1980) 279 pp. William B. Greenough III and Thomas C. Merigan (Editors). Current Topics in Infectious Disease. Infections of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Microbiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Features, Herbert L. DuPont and Larry K. Pickering. Plenum Medical Book Company, New York and London. (1980) 273 pp. Vilcek, J., Gresser, I. and Merigan, T.C. (Editors), Regulatory Functions of Interferon. Annals of New York Academy of Sciences, Volume 350, New York Academy of Sciences, New York, 1980, 642 pp. Merigan, T.C. and Friedman, R.M. (Editors), Interferons. UCLA Symposia on Molecular & Cellular Biology, Volume XXV, Academic Press, New York, 1982, 481 pp. William B. Greenough III and Thomas C. Merigan (Editors). Current Topics in Infectious Disease. Cytomegalovirus: Biology and Infection, Monto Ho. Plenum Medical Book Company, New York and London. (1982). William B. Greenough III and Thomas C. Merigan (Editors) Current Topics in Infectious Disease. Infective Endocarditis and Other Intravascular Infections, Lawrence R. Freedman. Plenum Medical Book Company, New York and London. (1982) 243 pp. William S. Greenough III and Thomas C. Merigan (Editors) Current Topics in Infectious Disease. Plague and Other Yersinia Infections, Thomas Butler. Plenum Medical Book Company, New York and London, (1983) 200 pp. Galasso, G.J., Merigan, T.C. and Buchanan, R.A. (Editors), Antiviral Agents and Virus Diseases of Man. (Second Edition) Raven Press, New York, 1984 577 pp. Friedman, R.M., Merigan, T.C. and T. Sreevalson. (Editors), Interferons as Cell Growth Inhibitors and Antitumor Factors, UCLA Symposia on Molecular and Cellular Biology. Volume 50, Academic Press, New York, 1986, 541 pp. Merigan, T.C. & H.C. Lane (Editors) Cytomegalovirus Infection and Treatment With Ganciclovir in Reviews in Infectious Diseases. Volume 10. University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London, 1988, 115 pp. Galasso G, Whitley R and Merigan TC. (Editors) Antiviral Agents & Virus Diseases of Man (Third Edition), Raven Press, New York, 1990, 786 pp. Merigan, T.C. (Editor). Advances in AIDS Management: Focus on Didanosine (ddI) in Reviews in Infectious Diseases, University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London, 1990. 78 pp. Galasso, G.J., Whitley, R. and Merigan, T.C. (Editors). Practical Diagnosis of Viral Infections. Raven Press, New York. 1993, 325 pp. Broder, S., Merigan, T.C. and Bolognesi, D. Textbook of AIDS Medicine. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, 1994. 951 pp. Merigan, T.C. and Schooley, R. (Editors). Surrogate Markers for HIV Infection, Journal of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, 1995, 117 pp. Pinching, A.S., Merigan, T.C. (Editors). Translating Clinical Trials to Clinical Practice. Journal of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, 1996, 30 pp. 9 Galasso, G.J., Merigan, T.C. and Whitley R. (Editors) Antiviral Agents and Viral Diseases of Man(Fourth Edition), Raven Press, New York 1997, 854 pp. Merigan, T.C., Bartlett, J.G. and Bolognesi D. (Editors) Textbook of AIDS Medicine, Second Edition. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1999, 1,063 pp. Yu, V.L., Merigan, T.C., and Barriere, S.L.. (Editors) Antimicrobial Therapy and Vaccines. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1999, 1,460 pp. PATENTS GRANTED Merigan, T.C., Eckstein, F. and DeClercq, E.D.A.: Synthetic Polynucleotides. United States Patent Office #3,687,808 (Awarded August 29, 1972). See also Chemical Abstracts 75: (1971) P36574c. Gerin, J.L., Levy, H.B., Merigan, T.C., Purcell, R.H. and Robinson, W.S.: Modification of hepatitis B virus infection in chronic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen. United States Patent Office #4,140,761 (Awarded February 20, 1979). Rasmussen, L.E. and Merigan, T.C. Purified Human Cytomegalovirus Protein. United States Patent Office #4,743,562 (Awarded May 10, 1988). Ho, R., Merigan, T.C., Burke, R.L., Dina, D. Composition and Treatment for Herpes Simplex. United States Patent Office, 5,149,529 (Awarded, September 22, 1992). Rasmussen, L.E. and Merigan, T.C. Purified Cytomegalovirus Protein. United States Patent Office, 5,194,256 (Awarded March 16, 1993). Rasmussen, L.E. and Merigan, T.C. Purified Cytomegalovirus Protein. United States Patent Office, 5,314,800 (Awarded on May 24, 1994). Merigan, T.C. and Kozal, M. Polymerase Chain Reaction Assays for Monitoring Antiviral Therapy and Making Therapeutic Decisions in the Treatment of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. United States Patent Office, 5,631,128 (Awarded May 20, 1997). Kozal, MJ and Merigan, TC. Polymerase Chain Reaction Assays for Monitoring Antiviral Therapy and Making Therapeutic Decisions in the Treatment of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. United States Patent Office, 5,650,268 (Awarded July 22, 1997). Kozal, MJ and Merigan, TC. Polymerase Chain Reaction Assays for the Monitoring Antiviral Therapy and Making Therapeutic Decisions in the Treatment of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. United States Patent Office, 5,856,086 (Awarded January 5, 1999). Merigan, T.C., Katzenstein, D.A. and Holodniy, M. Polymerase Chain Reaction Assays for Monitoring Antiviral Therapy and Making Therapeutic Decisions in the Treatment of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. United States Patent Office, 5,968,730 (Awarded October 19, 1999) Merigan, T.C., Katzenstein, D.A. and Holodniy, M. Polymerase Chain Reaction Assays for Monitoring Antiviral Therapy and Making Therapeutic Decisions in the Treatment of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. United States Patent Office,6,503,705 B2 (Awarded February 13, 2001) 10 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Merigan, T.C., Farquhar, J.W., Williams, J.H. and Sokolow, M.: Effect of chylomicrons on the fibrinolytic activity of normal human plasma in vitro. Circulation Research 7:205-209, 1959. 2. Covey, M.C., Merigan, T.C., Petrakis, N.L. and Lucia, S.P.: Thalassemia major, thirty-five year survival, with obliterative pulmonary endarteritis and atypical bone changes. American Journal of Medicine 28:482-486, 1960. 3. Merigan, T.C., Hollister, R.M., Gryska, P.F., Starkey, G.W.B. and Davidson, C.S.: Gastrointestinal bleeding with cirrhosis. New England Journal of Medicine 263:579-585, 1960. 4. Zimmerman, A. and Merigan, T.C.: Retrobulbar hemorrhage in a hemophiliac with irreversible loss of vision. Archives of Ophthalmology 64:949-950, 1960. 5. Farquhar, J.W., Merigan, T.C. and Sokolow, M.: Plasma fibrinolysis in man: The effect of chylomicrons derived from different dietary fats. Journal of Experimental Medicine 113:587-597, 1961. 6. Merigan, T.C. and Hayes, R.E.: Treatment of hypercalcemia in multiple myeloma. Archives of Internal Medicine 107:389-394, 1961. 7. Merigan, T.C., Dreyer, W.J. and Berger, A.: A technique for the specific cleavage of arginyl bonds by trypsin. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 62:122-131, 1962. 8. Merigan, T.C., Plotkin, G.R. and Davidson, C.S.: The effect of intravenous pituitrin on hemorrhage from bleeding esophageal varices. New England Journal of Medicine 266:134-135, 1962. 9. Merigan, T.C. and Dreyer, W.J.: Studies on the antigenic combining sites in bacteriophage lysozyme. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 103:765-772, 1963. 10. Merigan, T.C.: Purified interferons: Physical properties and species specificity. Science 145:811813, 1964. 11. Merigan, T.C. and Kleinschmidt, W.J.: Different molecular species of mouse interferon induced by Statolon. Nature 208:667-669, 1965. 12. Merigan, T.C., Winget, C.A. and Dixon, C.B.: Purification and characterization of vertebrate interferons. Journal of Molecular Biology 13:679-691, 1965. 13. Petralli, J.K., Merigan, T.C. and Wilbur, J.R.: Action of endogenous interferon against vaccinia infection in children. Lancet 401-405, 1965. 14. Petralli, J.K., Merigan, T.C. and Wilbur, J.R.: Circulating interferon after measles vaccination. New England Journal of Medicine 273:198-201, 1965. 15. Merigan, T.C. and Potts, J.T.: The essential role of specific conformation in the antigenicity of ribonuclease. Biochemistry 5:910-916, 1966. 16. Baron, S., Merigan, T.C. and McKerlie, M.L.: Effect of crude and purified interferons on the growth of uninfected cells in culture. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 121:50-52, 1966. 17. Levy, H.B. and Merigan, T.C.: Interferon and uninfected cells. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 121:53-55, 1966. 11 18. Goldman, S.H., Walker, S.R., Merigan, T.C., Gardner, K.D. and Bull, J.M.C.: Hereditary occurrence of cystic disease of the renal medulla. New England Journal of Medicine 274:984992, 1966. 19. Merigan, T.C. and Hanna, L.: Characteristics of interferon induced in vitro and in vivo by a TRIC agent. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 122:421-424, 1966. 20. Hanna, L., Merigan, T.C. and Jawetz, E.: Inhibition of TRIC agents by virus-induced interferon. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 122:417-421, 1966. 21. Ke, Y.H., Ho, M. and Merigan, T.C.: Heterogeneity of rabbit serum interferons. Nature 211: 541542, 1966. 22. Merigan, T.C., Gregory, D.F. and Petralli, J.K.: Physical properties of human interferon prepared in vitro and in vivo. Virology 29:515-522, 1966. 23. Merigan, T.C. and Kleinschmidt, W.J.: A second molecular species of mouse interferon in mice injected with Statolon. Nature 212:1383-1384, 1966. 24. Joklik, W.J. and Merigan, T.C.: Concerning the mechanism of action of interferon. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (U.S.A.) 56:558-565, 1966. 25. Freshman, M.M., Merigan, T.C., Remington, J.S. and Brownlee, I.E.: In vitro and in vivo antiviral action of an interferon-like substance induced by toxoplasma gondii. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 123:862-866, 1966. 26. Merigan, T.C.: Various molecular species of interferon induced by viral and nonviral agents. Bacteriological Reviews 31:138-144, 1967. 27. Cohen, H.I., Merigan, T.C., Kosek, J.C. and Eldridge, F.: Sequoiosis: A granulomatous pneumonitis associated with redwood sawdust inhalation. American Journal of Medicine 43:785794, 1967. 28. Harrison, D.C., Kleiger, R.E. and Merigan, T.C.: Action of isoproterenol on heart cells in tissue culture. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 124:122-126, 1967. 29. Merigan, T.C.: Interferons of mice and men. New England Journal of Medicine 276:913-920, 1967. Also in Seminars in Medicine of the Beth Israel Hospital (Eds. D. Feingold and H. Hiatt, Little, Brown and Company, Boston, MA) pp. 187-212, 1969. 30. Hanna, L., Merigan, T.C. and Jawetz, E.: Effect of interferon on TRIC agents and induction of interferon by TRIC agents. American Journal of Ophthalmology 63:1115-1119, 1967. 31. Glasgow, L.A., Hanshaw, J.B., Merigan, T.C. and Petralli, J.K.: Interferon and cytomegalovirus in vivo and in vitro. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 125:843849, 1967. 32. Merigan, T.C.: Induction of circulating interferon by synthetic anionic polymers of known composition. Nature 214:416-417, 1967. 33. Merigan, T.C.: Interferon's promise in clinical medicine: Fact or fancy? (Editorial) American Journal of Medicine 43:817-821, 1967. 34. Merigan, T.C. and Regelson, W.: Interferon induction in man by a synthetic polyanion of defined 12 composition. New England Journal of Medicine 277:1283-1287, 1967. 35. Solomon, G.F., Merigan, T.C. and Levine, S.: Variation in adrenal cortical hormones within physiologic ranges, stress and interferon production in mice. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 126:74-79, 1967. 36. Merigan, T.C.: Chemical and biologic characteristics of vertebrate interferons. In Medical and Applied Virology (Eds. M. Sanders and E.H. Lennette, Warren Green, Inc., St. Louis, MO) pp. 199-209, 1968. 37. Merigan, T.C.: Interferon induction in mouse and man with viral and non-viral stimuli. In Ciba Foundation Symposium on Interferon (Eds. G.E.W. Wolstenholme and M. O'Connor, J. and A. Churchill Ltd., London) pp. 50-60, 1968. 38. Waddell, D.J., Wilbur, J.R. and Merigan, T.C.: Interferon production in human mumps infections. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 127:320-324, 1968. 39. Merigan, T.C., Waddell, D., Grossman, M., Ritchie, J.H. and Mo, G.: Modified skin lesions during concurrent varicella and measles infections. Journal of the American Medical Association 204:333-335, 1968. 40. Hallum, J.V., Youngner, J.S. and Merigan, T.C.: Molecular species of circulating interferon in mice injected with Newcastle disease virus. Virology 34:802-804, 1968. 41. Merigan, T.C.: Various nonviral and viral inducers of interferon in mouse and man. In The Interferons. An International Symposium (Ed. G. Rita, Academic Press, New York and London) pp. 1-8, 1968. 42. Merigan, T.C. and Finkelstein, M.S.: Interferon-stimulating and in vivo antiviral effects of various synthetic anionic polymers. Virology 35:363-374, 1968. 43. Finkelstein, M.S., Bausek, G.H. and Merigan, T.C.: Interferon inducers in vitro: Difference in sensitivity to inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis. Science 161:465-468, 1968. 44. Finkelstein, M.S. and Merigan, T.C.: Interferon - 1968, How much do we understand? California Medicine 109:24-34, 1968. 45. Remington, J.S. and Merigan, T.C.: Interferon: Protection of cells infected with an intracellular protozoan (toxoplasma gondii). Science 161:804-806, 1968. 46. Walker, S.R., Shumway, N.E. and Merigan, T.C.: Management of infected cardiac valve prostheses. Journal of the American Medical Association 208:531-533, 1969. 47. Merigan, T.C.: Protein analysis with molecular sieve chromatography. In Fundamental Techniques in Virology (Eds. K. Habel and N. Salzman, Academic Press, New York) pp. 363-370, 1969. 48. Merigan, T.C.: Interferon and interferon inducers: The clinical outlook. Hospital Practice 4:4249, 1969. Also in Immunobiology (Eds. R.A. Good and D.W. Fisher, Sinauer, Stamford, CN) pp. 258-265, 1971. 49. Swenson, R.S., Kountz, S.L., Blank, N. and Merigan, T.C.: Successful renal allograft in a patient with pulmonary Cryptococcus. Archives of Internal Medicine 124:502-506, 1969. 50. DeClercq, E. and Merigan, T.C.: Local and systemic protection by synthetic polyanionic 13 interferon inducers in mice against intranasal vesicular stomatitis virus. Journal of General Virology 5:359-368, 1969. 51. DeClercq, E. and Merigan, T.C.: Requirement of a stable secondary structure for the antiviral activity of polynucleotides. Nature 222:1148-1152, 1969. 52. DeClercq, E., Eckstein, F. and Merigan, T.C.: Interferon induction increased through chemical modification of a synthetic polyribonucleotide. Science 165: 1137-1139, 1969. 53. Merigan, T.C.: Herpes Keratitis: Possible role of interferon and its inducers in Herpes Keratitis. (Editorial) Annals of Opthalmology 1:199-203, 1969. 54. DeClercq, E. and Merigan, T.C.: An active interferon inducer obtained from Hemophilus Influenza Type B. Journal of Immunology 103:899-906, 1969. 55. Remington, J.S. and Merigan, T.C.: Resistance to virus challenge in mice infected with protozoa or bacteria. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 131:1184-1188, 1969. 56. Wong, K.T., Robinson, W.S. and Merigan, T.C.: Synthesis of viral-specific ribonucleic acid in rubella virus-infected cells. Journal of Virology 4:901-903, 1969. 57. Guttman, P.H., Davis, W.C., Fudenberg, H.H. and Merigan, T.C.: Effect of interferon on the course of spontaneous and radiation-induced renal lesions in the RF/Un mouse. Vox Sanguinis 17:279-288, 1969. 58. Bausek, G.H. and Merigan, T.C.: Cell interaction with a synthetic polynucleotide and interferon production in vitro. Virology 39:491-498, 1969. 59. DeClercq, E., Eckstein, F., Sternbach, H. and Merigan, T.C.: Interferon induction by and ribonuclease sensitivity of thiophosphate-substituted polyribonucleotides. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 187-191, 1970. 60. Merigan, T.C. and DeClercq, E.: A useful "in vitro" interferon inducer assay. In International Symposium on Standardization of Interferon and Interferon Inducers. Symposium Series Immunobiologic Standardization, Vol. 14 (Karger, Basel/New York) pp. 189-194, 1970. 61. DeClercq, E., Eckstein, F. and Merigan, T.C.: Structural requirements for synthetic polyanions to act as interferon inducers. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 173:444-461, 1970. 62. Merigan, T.C., DeClercq, E., Finkelstein, M.S., Clever, L., Walker, S. and Waddell, D.J.: Clinical studies employing interferon inducers in man and animals. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 173:746-759, 1970. 63. Merigan, T.C., DeClercq, E. and Bausek, G.: Non-viral inducers of interferon and interference with non-viruses. In "L'Interferon", Colloque de l'Institute National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, No. 6 (Eds. C. Chany and P. De Somer, Institute National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, Paris) pp. 343-352, 1969. 64. Merigan, T.C.: Medicine: Infectious Diseases. In Britannica Yearbook of Science and the Future (Encyclopedia Britannica, Chicago, IL) pp. 268-273, 1970. 65. Remington, J.S. and Merigan, T.C.: Synthetic polyanions protect mice against intracellular bacterial infection. Nature 226:361-363, 1970. 66. Bausek, G.H. and Merigan, T.C.: Simultaneous viral and non-viral interferon production in human 14 cell cultures. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 133:982-985, 1970. 67. DeClercq, E., Wells, R.D. and Merigan, T.C.: Increase in antiviral activity of polynucleotides by thermal activation. Nature 226:364-366, 1970. 68. Merigan, T.C., Audy, J.R., Holde, C. and Chatton, M.J.: Chapter 23, Infection. In Current Medical References, 6th ed. (Eds. M.H. Chatton and P.J. Sanazaro, Lange Medical Publications, Los Altos, CA) pp. 439-499, 1970. 69. DeClercq, E. and Merigan, T.C.: Current concepts of interferon and interferon induction. Annual Review of Medicine 21:17-46, 1970. 70. Merigan, T.C., DeClercq, E. and Bausek, G.H.: In vitro studies with polyanionic interferon inducers. In U.S. - Japan Cooperative Seminar on Interferon (Eds. Y. Nagano and H.B. Levy, I. Shoin Ltd., Tokyo) pp. 127-139, 1970. 71. Merigan, T.C., DeClercq, E. and Bausek, G.H.: Nonviral interferon inducers. In New York Heart Association Symposium on Interferon (Ed. J. Vilcek, Little Brown and Co., Boston, MA) pp. 57-75, 1970. Also in Journal of General Physiology 56:57S-75S, 1970. 72. Bausek, G.H. and Merigan, T.C.: Two mechanisms of cell resistance to repeated stimulation of interferon. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 134:672-676, 1970. 73. Levy, L. and Merigan, T.C.: Failure of an interferon inducer to inhibit multiplication of Mycobacterium Leprae. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 134:87-89, 1970. 74. Merigan, T.C.: Introduction to Symposium on interferon and host response to virus infection. Archives of Internal Medicine 126:49-50, 1970. 75. DeClercq, E. and Merigan, T.C.: Induction of interferon by nonviral agents. Archives of Internal Medicine 126:94-108, 1970. 76. DeClercq, E., Nuwer, M.R. and Merigan, T.C.: The role of interferon in the protective effect of a synthetic double-stranded polyribonucleotide against intranasal vesicular stomatitis virus challenge in mice. Journal of Clinical Investigation 49:1565-1577, 1970. 77. DeClercq, E., Nuwer, M.R. and Merigan, T.C.: Potentiating effect of Freund's adjuvant on interferon production by endotoxin or poly rI-poly rC. Infection and Immunity 2:69-76, 1970. 78. Petralli, J., Russel, E., Kataoka, A. and Merigan, T.C.: On-line computer quality control of antibiotic-sensitivity testing. New England Journal of Medicine 283: 735-738, 1970. 79. Merigan, T.C.: Interferon stimulated by double stranded RNA. Nature 228:219-222, 1970. 80. Richman, D.D., Wong, K.T., Robinson, W.S. and Merigan, T.C.: Effect of interferon on the replication of Sendai virus. Journal of General Virology 9:141-150, 1970. 81. DeClercq, E., Eckstein, F., Sternbach, H. and Merigan, T.C.: The antiviral activity of thiophosphate-substituted polyribo- nucleotides in vitro and in vivo. Virology 42:421-428, 1970. 82. Armstrong, R.W., Gurwith, M.J., Waddell, D. and Merigan, T.C.: Cutaneous interferon production in patients with Hodgkin's disease and other cancers infected with varicella or vaccinia. New England Journal of Medicine 283:1182-1187, 1970. 15 83. DeClercq, E. and Merigan, T.C.: Stimulation or inhibition of interferon production depending on time of cycloheximide administration. Virology 42:799-802, 1970. 84. Merigan, T.C.: Boosting the body's interferon. New Scientist 48:496-497, 1970. 85. Marlon, A., Gentry, L. and Merigan, T.C.: Septicemia with Pasteurella pseudotuberculosis and liver disease. Archives of Internal Medicine 127:947-949, 1971. 86. Merigan, T.C.: A plaque inhibition assay for human interferon employing human neonate skin fibroblast monolayers and bovine vesicular stomatitis virus. Chapter 32. In In Vitro Methods in Cell-Mediated Immunity (Eds. B.R. Bloom and P.R. Glade, Academic Press, New York) pp. 489499, 1971. 87. DeClercq, E., Wells, R.D., Grant, R.C. and Merigan, T.C.: Thermal activation of the antiviral activity of synthetic double-stranded polyribonucleotides. Journal of Molecular Biology 56:83100, 1971. 88. Wong, K.T., Robinson, W.S. and Merigan, T.C.: Inhibition of rubella virus-specific RNA synthesis by interferon. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 136:615-618, 1971. 89. DeClercq, E. and Merigan, T.C.: Bis-DEAE-Fluorenone: Mechanism of antiviral protection and stimulation of interferon production in the mouse. Journal of Infectious Diseases 123:190-199, 1971. 90. DeClercq, E. and Merigan, T.C.: Thermal activation of the antiviral activity of synthetic polyribonucleotides: Influence of DEAE-dextran in various cell cultures. Journal of General Virology 10:125-130, 1971. 91. Stevens, D.A. and Merigan, T.C.: Approaches to the control of viral infections in man. Rational Drug Therapy 5:1-6, 1971. 92. Epstein, L.B., Cline, M.J. and Merigan, T.C.: The interaction of human macrophages and lymphocytes in the phytohemagglutinin- stimulated production of interferon. Journal of Clinical Investigation 50:744-753, 1971. 93. Nuwer, M.R., DeClercq, E. and Merigan, T.C.: Interferon clearance rate decreased after repeated injections. Journal of General Virology 12:191-194, 1971. 94. DeClercq, E. and Merigan, T.C.: Maloney sarcoma virus-induced tumors in mice: Inhibition or stimulation by (Poly rI) --(Poly rC). Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 137:590-594, 1971. 95. Armstrong, R.W. and Merigan, T.C.: Varicella zoster virus: Interferon production and comparative interferon sensitivity in human cell cultures. Journal of General Virology 12:53-54, 1971. 96. Chester, T.J., DeClercq, E. and Merigan, T.C.: Effect of separate and combined injections of Poly rI: Poly rC and endotoxin on reticuloendothelial activity, interferon, and antibody production in the mouse. Infection and Immunity 3:516-520, 1971. 97. Epstein, L.B., Cline, M.J. and Merigan, T.C.: Macrophage- lymphocyte interaction in the PHAstimulated production of interferon in vitro. In Proceedings of the Fifth Leukocyte Culture Conference (Ed. J.H. Harris, Academic Press, New York) pp. 501-513, 1970. 98. 16 Leavitt, T.J., Merigan, T.C. and Freeman, J.M.: Hemolytic -uremic-like syndrome following polycarboxylate interferon induction: Treatment of Dawson's inclusion-body encephalitis. American Journal of Diseases of Children 121:43-47, 1971. 99. Merigan, T.C., DeClercq, E., Eckstein, F. and Wells, R.D.: Molecular requirements for synthetic RNA to act in interferon stimulation. In Biological Effects of Polynucleotides (Eds. R. Beers and W. Braun, Academic Press, New York) pp. 67-78, 1971. 100. Merigan, T.C. and DeClercq, E.: Chemically defined nonviral interferon inducers: Structural requirements and mechanisms. In Drugs and Cell Regulation (Ed. E. Mihich, Academic Press, New York) pp. 295-307, 1971. 101. Gurwith, M.J., Harman, C.E. and Merigan, T.C.: Approach to diagnosis and treatment of herpes simplex encephalitis: A report of two cases. California Medicine 115:63-71, 1971. 102. Lieberman, M., Merigan, T.C. and Kaplan, H.S.: Inhibition of radiogenic lymphoma development in mice by interferon. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 138:575-578, 1971. 103. Epstein, L.B., Cline, M.J. and Merigan, T.C.: PPD-stimulated interferon: In vitro macrophagelymphocyte interaction in the production of a mediator of cellular immunity. Cellular Immunology 2:602-613, 1971. 104. Portnoy, J. and Merigan, T.C.: The effect of interferon and interferon inducers on avian influenza. Journal of Infectious Diseases 124:545-552, 1971. 105. Merigan, T.C. and Stevens, D.A.: Viral infections in man associated with acquired immunological deficiency states. Symposium on Effect of Immunosuppression on Viral Infections. (Ed. N. Nathanson). Federation Proceedings 30:1858-1864, 1971. 106. Merigan, T.C. and Wheelock, E.F.: Virus-lymphocyte interactions. In Progress in Immunology (Ed. D. Amos, Academic Press, New York) pp. 1351-1353, 1971. 107. Merigan, T.C.: Non-viral interferon inducers and interference with non-viruses. In Proceedings of the Institute for Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitis (U.S.S.R.), Vol. 16 (Ed. V.A. Zeitlenok, Institute for Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitis, Moscow) pp. 13-22, 1971 (Russian). 108. Levy, H.B. and Merigan, T.C.: Preparation and mode of action of interferon. In Methods in Molecular Biology. Volume 2, Protein Synthesis in Non-Bacterial Systems. (Eds. J.A. Last and A.I. Laskin, M. Dekkar, Inc., New York) pp. 295-321, 1972. 109. DeClercq, E., Wells, R.D. and Merigan, T.C.: Studies on the antiviral activity and cell interaction of synthetic double-stranded polyribo- and polydeoxyribonucleotides. Virology 47:405-415, 1972. 110. Goffinet, D.R., Glatstein, E.J. and Merigan, T.C.: Herpes zoster-varicella infections and lymphoma. Annals of Internal Medicine 76:235-240, 1972. 111. Chester, T.J., DeClercq, E., Nuwer, M.R. and Merigan, T.C.: In vivo release of previously cleared interferon by cycloheximide. Infection and Immunity 5:383-388, 1972. 112. Stevens, D.A. and Merigan, T.C.: Interferon, antibody and other host factors in herpes zoster. Journal of Clinical Investigation 51:1170-1178, 1972. 113. Rodgers, R. and Merigan, T.C.: Interferon and its inducers: Antiviral and other effects. CRC Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences 131-162, June, 1972. 114. 17 Rodgers, R., Merigan, T.C., Hardy, W.D., Old, L.J. and Kassel, R.: Cat interferon inhibits feline leukaemia virus infection in cell culture. Nature New Biology 237:270-271, 1972. 115. Merigan, T.C.: News and Views: How does interferon act? (Editorial) Nature 238:369-370, 1972. 116. Stevens, D.A. and Merigan, T.C.: Uncertain role of cytosine arabinoside in varicella infection of compromised hosts. Journal of Pediatrics 81:562-565, 1972. 117. Epstein, L.B., Stevens, D.A. and Merigan, T.C.: Selective increase in lymphocyte interferon response to vaccinia antigen after revaccination. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (U.S.A) 69:2632-2636, 1972. 118. Epstein, L.B., Cline, M.J. and Merigan, T.C.: The in vitro interaction of immune macrophages and lymphocytes in the antigen (PPD)-induced production of interferon. In Proceedings of the Sixth Leucocyte Culture Conference. (Ed. M.R. Schwarz, Academic Press, New York) pp. 265-282, 1972. 119. Black, D.R., Eckstein, F., Hobbs, J.B., Sternbach, H. and Merigan, T.C.: The antiviral activity of certain thiophosphate and 2' -chloro substituted polynucleotide homopolymer duplexes. Virology 48:537-545, 1972. 120. Black, D.R., Eckstein, F., DeClercq, E. and Merigan, T.C.: Studies on the toxicity and antiviral activity of various polynucleotides. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 3:198-206, 1973. 121. Merigan, T.C., Reed, S.E., Hall, T.S. and Tyrrell, D.A.J.: Inhibition of respiratory virus infection by locally applied interferon. Lancet I:563-567, 1973. 122. Rager-Zisman, B. and Merigan, T.C.: A useful quantitative semimicromethod for viral plaque assay. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 142:1174-1179, 1973. 123. Merigan, T.C.: Non-viral substances which induce interferons. In Interferons and Interferon Inducers, Frontiers of Biology, Volume 2, Chapter 4 (Ed. N.B. Finter, American Elsevier Publishing Company, Inc., New York) pp. 45-72, 1973. 124. Merigan, T.C.: The actions of interferon and inducers in infections caused by agents other than viruses and in some other conditions. In Interferons and Interferon Inducers, Frontiers of Biology, Volume 2, Chapter 11 (Ed. N.B. Finter, American Elsevier Publishing Company, Inc., New York) pp. 251-262, 1973. 125. Stevens, D.A. and Merigan, T.C.: Herpes Zoster: Recent studies. In International Symposium on Hodgkin's Disease. National Cancer Institute Monograph 36 (Ed. H.S. Kaplan, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland) pp. 465-468, 1973. 126. Jordan, W.S., Hopps, H.E. and Merigan, T.C.: Influenza and interferon research in the Soviet Union - January, 1973. Journal of Infectious Diseases 128:261-264, 1973. 127. Portnoy, J., Bloom, K. and Merigan, T.C.: The effect of bursectomy and thymectomy on the course of avian influenza virus infection. Cellular Immunology 9:251-262, 1973. 128. Shortliffe, E.H., Axline, S.G., Buchanan, B.G., Merigan, T.C. and Cohen, S.N.: An artificial intelligence program to advise physicians regarding antimicrobial therapy. Computers and Biomedical Research 6:544-560, 1973. 129. Stevens, D.A., Jordan, G.W., Waddell, T.F. and Merigan, T.C.: Adverse effect of cytosine arabinoside on disseminated zoster in a controlled trial. New England Journal of Medicine 18 289:873-878, 1973. 130. Black, D.R., Connell, C.J. and Merigan, T.C.: Structure and infectivity of picornaviral RNA encapsidated by cowpea chlorotic mottle virus protein. Journal of Virology 12:1209-1215, 1973. 131. Chester, T.J., Paucker, K. and Merigan, T.C.: Suppression of mouse antibody producing spleen cells by various interferon preparations. Nature 246:92-94, 1973. 132. Merigan, T.C., Stevens, D.A., Rasmussen, L.E. and Epstein, L.B.: Interferon: An immunespecific or a non-specific host defense? In Non-specific Factors Influencing Host Resistance. (Eds. W. Braun and J. Ungar, S. Karger, Basel, Switzerland) pp. 430-437, 1973. 133. Denman, A.M., Rager-Zisman, B., Merigan, T.C. and Tyrrell, D.A.J.: Replication or inactivation of different viruses by human lymphocyte preparations. Infection and Immunity 9:373-376, 1974. 134. Merigan, T.C.: Host defenses against viral disease. New England Journal of Medicine 290:323329, 1974. 135. Rodgers, R. and Merigan, T.C.: Interferon production by individual cells. Virology 57:467-474, 1974. 136. Merigan, T.C. and Rottman, F.: Influence of increasing 2'-O-methylation on the interferon stimulating capacity of poly(rI) poly(rC). Virology 60:297-301, 1974. 137. Merigan, T.C.: Interferon, its inducers and some aspects of host resistance in malignancy. Cancer Chemotherapy Reports 58:571-578, 1974. 138. Rasmussen, L.E., Jordan, G.W., Stevens, D.A. and Merigan, T.C.: Lymphocyte interferon production and transformation after herpes simplex infections in humans. Journal of Immunology 112:728-736, 1974. 139. Merigan, T.C.: Clinical testing of human interferon in infectious diseases. In The Production and Use of Interferon for the Treatment and Prevention of Human Virus Infections, Proceedings of a Tissue Culture Association Workshop, Monograph No. 3 (Ed. C. Waymouth, Tissue Culture Association, Rockville, MD) pp. 57-62, 1974. 140. Jordan, G.W., Fried, R.P. and Merigan, T.C.: Administration of human leukocyte interferon in herpes zoster. I. Safety, circulating antiviral activity, and host responses to infection. Journal of Infectious Diseases 130:56-62, 1974. 141. Jordan, G.W. and Merigan, T.C.: Cell-mediated immunity to varicella-zoster virus: In vitro lymphocyte responses. Journal of Infectious Diseases 130:495-501, 1974. 142. Merigan, T.C.: Interferon inducers revisited. (Editorial) New England Journal of Medicine 291:95-96, 1974. 143. Brodeur, B.R. and Merigan, T.C.: Suppressive effect of interferon on the humoral immune response to sheep red blood cells in mice. Journal of Immunology 113:1319-1325, 1974. 144. Valle, M.J., Bobrove, A.M., Strober, S. and Merigan, T.C.: Immune specific production of interferon by human T cells in combined macrophage-lymphocyte cultures in response to herpes simplex antigen. Journal of Immunology 114:435-441, 1975. 145. Merigan, T.C., Jordan, G.W. and Fried, R.P.: Clinical utilization of exogenous human interferon. In Antiviral Mechanisms, Perspectives in Virology IX (Ed. M. Pollard, Academic Press, New York) pp. 249-264, 1975. 19 146. Jordan, G.W. and Merigan, T.C.: Enhancement of host defense mechanisms by pharmacological agents. Annual Review of Pharmacology 15:157-175, 1975. 147. Boston Interhospital Virus Study Group and the NIAID-Sponsored Cooperative Antiviral Clinical Study. Failure of high dose 5-iodo-deoxyuridine in the therapy of herpes simplex virus encephalitis. Evidence of Unacceptable Toxicity. New England Journal of Medicine 292:600603, 1975. 148. Krim, M., Levine, A.S., Merigan, T.C., and Vilcek J.: Interfering with cancer. (Editorial) Nature 255:372-373, 1975. 149. Merigan, T.C.: 'Non-specific' mediators in host defense against respiratory viruses: Assay method and results. In International Symposium on Immunity to Infections of the Respiratory System in Man and Animals. Developments in Biological Standarization (Eds. F.T. Perkins and R.H. Regamey, S. Karger, Basel) pp. 211-223, 1975. 150. Stevens, D.A., Ferrington, R.A., Jordan, G.W., and Merigan, T.C.: Cellular events in zoster vesicles: Relation to clinical course and immune parameters. Journal of Infectious Diseases 131:509-515, 1975. 151. Brodeur, B.R. and Merigan, T.C.: Mechanism of the suppressive effect of interferon on antibody synthesis in vivo. Journal of Immunology 114:1323-1328, 1975. 152. Hutchinson, D.W. and Merigan, T.C.: The lack of antiviral effect of (polyinosinic acid): (polycytidylic acid) when attached to insoluble supports. Journal of General Virology 27:403-407, 1975. 153. Merigan, T.C., Chester, T.J. and Paucker, K.: Suppression of antibody producing spleen cells in mice by various interferon preparations versus enhancement by double-stranded RNA. In Effects of Interferon on Cells, Viruses and the Immune System, Proceedings of a meeting held at the Gulbenkian Institute of Science, Oeiras, Portugal on September 19-21, 1973 (Ed. A. Geraldes, Academic Press, London) pp. 347-354, 1975. 154. Valle, M.J., Jordan, G.W., Haahr, S. and Merigan, T.C.: Characteristics of immune interferon produced by human lymphocyte cultures compared to other human interferons. Journal of Immunology 115:230-233, 1975. 155. Stevens, D.A., Ferrington, R.A., Merigan, T.C. and Marinkovich, V.A.: Randomized trial of transfer factor treatment of human warts. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 21:520-524, 1975. 156. Stevens, D.A. and Merigan, T.C.: Virus infections. International Journal of Radiation, Oncology, Biology and Physics 1:317-320, 1976. 157. Haahr, S., Rasmussen, L. and Merigan, T.C.: Lymphocyte transformation and interferon production in human mononuclear cell microcultures for assay of cellular immunity to herpes simplex virus. Infection and Immunity 14:47-54, 1976. 158. Rasmussen, L., Haahr, S. and Merigan, T.C.: Cellular immunity to herpes simplex infection in humans. Survey of Ophthalmology 21:191-193, 1976. 159. Rand, K.H., Emmons, R.W. and Merigan, T.C.: Measles in adults: An unforeseen consequence of immunization? Journal of the American Medical Association 236:1028-1031, 1976. 160. Abdallah, P.S., Mark, J.B.D. and Merigan, T.C.: Diagnosis of cytomegalovirus pneumonia in 20 compromised hosts. American Journal of Medicine 61:326-332, 1976. 161. Merigan, T.C.: Introduction and Dedication, Symposium on Antivirals with Clinical Potential. Journal of Infectious Diseases 133, (Supplement):A1-A2, 1976. 162. Wiktor, T.J., Koprowski, H., Mitchell, J.R. and Merigan, T.C.: Role of interferon in prophylaxis of rabies after exposure. Journal of Infectious Diseases 133, (Supplement):A260-A265, 1976. 163. Arvin, A.M., Yeager, A.S. and Merigan, T.C.: Effect of leukocyte interferon on urinary excretion of cytomegalovirus in infants. Journal of Infectious Diseases 133, (Supplement):A205-A210, 1976. 164. Johnson, R.H., Krupp, J.R., Hoffman, A.R., Koplan, J.P., Nakano, J.H. and Merigan, T.C.: Nosocomial vaccinia infection. Western Journal of Medicine 125:266-270, 1976. 165. Merigan, T.C.: Efficacy of adenine arabinoside in herpes zoster (Editorial) New England Journal of Medicine 294:1233-1234, 1976. 166. Greenberg, H.B., Pollard, R.B., Lutwick, L.I., Gregory, P.B., Robinson, W.S. and Merigan, T.C.: Effect of human leukocyte interferon on hepatitis B virus infection in patients with chronic active hepatitis. New England Journal of Medicine 295:517-522, 1976. 167. Rasmussen, L., Holmes, A.R., Hofmeister, B. and Merigan, T.C.: Multiplicity-dependent replication of varicella-zoster virus in interferon-treated cells. Journal of General Virology 35:361-368, 1977. 168. Weinstein, Y., Brodeur, B.R., Melmon, K.L. and Merigan, T.C.: Interferon inhibition of lymphocyte mitogenesis. Immunology 33:313-319, 1977. 169. Levy, L. and Merigan, T.C.: Inhibition of multiplication of Mycobacterium leprae by polyinosinicpolycytidylic acid. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 11: 122-125, 1977. 170. Brodeur, B.R., Weinstein, Y., Melmon, K.L. and Merigan, T.C.: Reciprocal changes in interferon production and immune responses of mouse spleen cells fractionated over columns of insolubilized conjugates of histamine. Cellular Immunology 29:373-372, 1977. 171. Rand, K.H., Johnson, K.P., Rubinstein, L.J., Wolinsky, J.S., Penny, J.B., Walker, D.L., Padgett, B.L. and Merigan, T.C.: Adenine arabinoside in the treatment of progressive leukoencephalopathy: Use of virus-containing cells in the urine to assess response to therapy. Annals of Neurology 1:458-462, 1977. 172. Rand, K.H. and Merigan, T.C.: Can immunization eradicate viral diseases? (Editorial) Archives of Internal Medicine 137:723-724, 1977. 173. Merigan, T.C., Oldstone, M.B.A. and Welsh, R.A.: Interferon production during lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection of nude and normal mice. Nature 268:67-68, 1977. 174. Rand, K.H., Rasmussen, L.E., Pollard, R.B., Arvin, A. and Merigan, T.C.: Cellular immunity and herpesvirus infections in cardiac-transplant patients. New England Journal of Medicine 296:1372-1377, 1977. 175. Whitley, R.J., Soong, S.J., Dolin, R., Galasso, G.J., Ch'ien, L.T., Alford, C.A. and the Collaborative Study Group: Adenine arabinoside therapy of biopsy-proved herpes simplex encephalitis: NIAID Collaborative Study Group. New England Journal of Medicine 297:289-294, 1977. 176. Brodeur, B.R., Weinstein, Y., Melmon, K.L. and Merigan, T.C.: Inhibition de la blastogenese par 21 L'Interferon. Annals of Immunology (Institut Pasteur) 128C:53-56, 1977 (French). 177. Sonnenfeld, G., Mandel, A.D. and Merigan, T.C.: The immunosuppressive effect of type II mouse interferon preparations on antibody production. Cellular Immunology 34:193-206, 1977. 178. Merigan, T.C.: Pharmacokinetics and side effects of interferon in man. In the Interferon System: A Current Review. Texas Reports on Biology and Medicine. (Eds. S. Baron and F. Dianzani) 35:541-547, 1977. 179. Holmes, A.R., Rasmussen, L. and Merigan, T.C.: Factors affecting the interferon sensitivity of human cytomegalovirus. Intervirology 9:48-55, 1978. 180. Arvin, A.M., Pollard, R.B., Rasmussen, L.E., Rand, K.H. and Merigan, T.C.: Lymphocyte transformation and interferon production as measures of cellular immunity in lymphoma patients. In Oncogenesis and Herpesviruses III (Eds. G.B. de The, W. Henle and F. Rapp, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon) Part II, pp. 745-751, 1978. 181. Merigan, T.C. and Rand, K.H.: Prospects for control of herpesvirus-related diseases: A Review. In Oncogensis and Herpesviruses III (Eds. G.B. de The, W. Henle and F. Rapp, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon) Part II, pp. 947-963, 1978. 182. Pollard, R.B., Rand, K.H., Arvin, A.M. and Merigan, T.C.: Cell-mediated immunity to cytomegalovirus infection in normal subjects and cardiac transplant patients. Journal of Infectious Diseases 137:541-549, 1978. 183. Pollard, R.B. and Merigan, T.C.: Perspectives for the control of cytomegalovirus infection in bone marrow transplant recipients. Transplantation Proceedings 10:241-245, 1978. 184. Rand, K.H., Pollard, R.B. and Merigan, T.C.: Increased pulmonary superinfections in cardiactransplant patients undergoing primary cytomegalovirus infection. New England Journal of Medicine 298:951-953, 1978. 185. Pollard, R.B., Smith, J.L., Neal, E.A., Gregory, P.B., Merigan, T.C. and Robinson, W.S.: Effect of vidarabine on chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Journal of the American Medical Association 239:1648-1650, 1978. 186. Arvin, A.M., Feldman, S. and Merigan, T.C.: Human leukocyte interferon in the treatment of varicella in children with cancer: A preliminary controlled trial. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 13:605-607, 1978. 187. Merigan, T.C., Rand, K.H., Pollard, R.B., Abdallah, P.S., Jordan, G.W. and Fried, R.P.: Human leukocyte interferon for the treatment of herpes zoster in patients with cancer. New England Journal of Medicine 298:981-987, 1978. 188. Pollard, R.B. and Merigan, T.C.: Experience with clinical applications of interferon and interferon inducers. Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2:783-811, 1978. 189. Rasmussen, L. and Merigan, T.C.: Role of T lymphocytes in cellular immune responses during herpes simplex virus infection in humans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (U.S.A.) 75:3957-3961, 1978. 190. Merigan, T.C.: Sections on viral infectious diseases, including: XXV Respiratory viruses of adults; XXVI Primary, latent and recurrent herpesvirus infections; XXVII Acute viral central nervous system diseases; XXVIII Symptomatic and asymptomatic viral enteric infections; XXIX Mumps; XXX Cutaneous viral diseases; XXXI Viral Zoonoses; XXXII Slow virus infections; XXXIII Viral vaccines, immunoglobulins and antiviral drugs. In SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN Medicine (Ed. 22 E. Rubenstein and D. Federman, New York), Scientific American, New York, 1978. 191. Sonnenfeld, G., Mandel, A.D. and Merigan, T.C.: Time and dosage dependence of immunoenhancement by murine Type II interferon preparations. Cellular Immunology 40:285293, 1978. 192. Assaad, F. and Consulting Group: Interferon and other antiviral agents, with special reference to influenza: A Memorandum. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 56 (2):229-250, 1978. 193. Merigan, T.C. and Robinson, W.S.: Antiviral therapy in HBV infection. In Viral Hepatitis A contemporary assessment of etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis and prevention. (Ed. G.N. Vyas, S.N. Cohen and R. Schmid, Franklin Institute Press, Philadelphia) pp. 575-579, 1978. 194. Rand, K.H. and Merigan, T.C.: Cytomegalovirus: A not so innocent bystander. (Editorial) Journal of the American Medical Association 240:2470-2471, 1978. 195. Merigan, T.C., Sikora K, Breeden, J.H., Levy, R. and Rosenberg, S.A. Preliminary observations on the effect of human leukocyte interferon in non-hodgkin's lymphoma. New England Journal of Medicine 299:1449-1453, 1978. 196. Arvin, A.M., Pollard, R.B., Rasmussen, L.E. and Merigan, T.C.: Selective impairment of lymphocyte reactivity to varicella-zoster virus antigen among untreated patients with lymphoma. Journal of Infectious Diseases 137:531-540, 1978. 197. Merigan, T.C.: Successful antiviral therapy requires the cooperation of immune responses. In Immune Mechanism and Disease (Eds. D.B. Amos, R.S. Schwartz and B.W. Janicki, Academic Press, New York) pp. 311-320, 1979. 198. Sonnenfeld, G., Mandel, A.D. and Merigan, T.C.: In vitro production and cellular origin of murine type II interferon. Immunology 36:883-890, 1979. 199. Yu, V.L., Oakes, C.A., Axnick, K.J. and Merigan, T.C.: Patient factors contributing to the emergence of gentamicin-resistant Serratia marcescens. American Journal of Medicine 66:468472, 1979. 200. Ortega, J.A., Ma, A., Shore, N.A., Dukes, P.P. and Merigan, T.C.: Suppressive effect of interferon on erythroid cell proliferation. Experimental Hematology 7:145-150, 1979. 201. Myers, J.D., MacQuarrie, M.B., Merigan, T.C. and Jennison, M.H.: Noscomial varicella - Part I: Outbreak in oncology patients at a Children's Hospital. Western Journal of Medicine 130:196199, 1979. 202. Greenberg, H.B., Robinson, W.S. and Merigan, T.C.: Management of chronic hepatitis B: The use of antiviral agents. In Problems in Liver Diseases (Ed. C.S. Davidson, Stratton Corporation, New York) pp. 232-239, 1979. 203. Merigan, T.C.: Human interferon as a therapeutic agent. (Editorial) New England Journal of Medicine 300:42-43, 1979. 204. Sonnenfeld, G. and Merigan, T.C.: Role of interferon in viral infections. Springer Seminars in Immunopathology 2:311-338, 1979. 205. Sonnenfeld, G. and Merigan, T.C.: A regulatory role for interferon in immunity. New York Academy of Science Conference on "Subcellular Factors in Immunity," Annals of the New York Academy of Science 332:345-355, 1979. 206. 23 Buchanan, R.A., Galasso, G..J. and Merigan, T.C.: Antiviral therapy today. In Antiviral Agents and Viral Diseases of Man. (Eds. G.J. Galasso, T.C. Merigan and R.A. Buchanan, Raven Press, New York) pp. 681-703, 1979. 207. Merigan, T.C.: The elusive promise of interferon. In Science Year-The World Book Science Annual (Ed. B. Merz, World Book-Childcraft International Inc., Chicago) pp. 115-125, 1979. 208. Merigan, T.C. and Renis, H.E.: Success of antiviral therapy involves cooperative immune responses. In Chemistry, Biology and Clinical Applications of Nucleoside Analogues. (Ed. R.T. Walker, F. Eckstein and E. DeClercq, Plenum Corporation, New York) pp. 395-407, 1979. 209. Sacks, S.L., Smith, J.L., Pollard, R.B., Sawhney, V., Mahal, A., Gregory, P., Merigan, T.C. and Robinson, W.S.: Toxicity of vidarabine. (Letter) Journal of the American Medical Association 241:28-29, 1979. 210. Gallagher, J.G. and Merigan, T.C.: Prolonged herpes-zoster infection associated with immunosuppressive therapy. Annals of Internal Medicine 91:842-846, 1979. 211. Huddlestone, J.R., Merigan, T.C. and Oldstone, M.B.A.: Induction and kinetics of natural killer cells in humans following interferon therapy. Nature 282:417-419, 1979. 212. Seaman, W.E., Merigan, T.C. and Talal, N.: Natural killing in estrogen-treated mice responds poorly to poly I.C. despite normal stimulation of circulating interferon. Journal of Immunology 123:2903-2905, 1979. 213. Merigan, T.C.: Summary and considerations for the future. In Cell Substrates. Their use in the production of vaccines and other biologicals. (Ed. J.C. Petricciani, H.E. Hopps and P.J. Chapple, Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York) pg. 185, 1979. 214. Hafkin, B., Pollard, R.B., Tiku, M.L., Robinson, W.S. and Merigan, T.C.: Effects of interferon and adenine arabinoside treatment of hepatitis B virus infection on cellular immune responses. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 16:781-787, 1979. 215. Stevens, D.A. and Merigan, T.C.: Zoster immune globulin prophylaxis of disseminated zoster in compromised hosts. Archives of Internal Medicine 140:52-54, 1980. 216. Creasey, A.A., Bartholomew, J.C. and Merigan, T.C.: Role of G0/G1 arrest in the inhibition of tumor cell growth by interferon. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) 77:1471-1475, 1980. 217. Bourgeade, M.F., Chany, C. and Merigan, T.C.: Type I and Type II interferons: Differential antiviral actions in transformed cells. Journal of General Virology 46:449-454, 1980. 218. Creasey, A.A. and Merigan, T.C.: Does human leukocyte interferon influence the restriction point control in cultured cells? In Regulatory Function of Interferon New York Academy of Science, (Eds. J. Vilcek, I. Gresser and T.C. Merigan) pp. 208-210, 1980. 219. Merigan, T.C.: Closing remarks at Conference on Regulatory Functions of Interferons New York Academy of Sciences, (Eds. J. Vilcek, I. Gresser and T.C. Merigan) pp. 566-567, 1980. 220. Merigan, T.C.: Clinical virology, interferon and infectious diseases in the People's Republic of China in 1979. Journal of Infectious Diseases 141:265-270, 1980. 221. Arvin, A.M., Pollard, R.B., Rasmussen, L.E. and Merigan, T.C.: Cellular and humoral immunity in the pathogenesis of recurrent herpes viral infections in patients with lymphoma. Journal of Clinical Investigation 65:869-878, 1980. 24 222. Pollard, R.B., Egbert, P.R., Gallagher, J.G. and Merigan, T.C.: Cytomegalovirus chorioretinitis: Resolution of lesions associated with administration of adenine arabinoside. Current Chemotherapy and Infectious Diseases. (Eds. J.D. Nelson and C. Grassi, American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.) pp. 1303-1304, 1980. 223. Gallagher, J.G. and Merigan, T.C.: Chronic cutaneous zoster in immunocompromised hosts. Current Chemotherapy and Infectious Diseases. (Eds. J.D. Nelson and C. Grassi, American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.) pp. 1070-1072, 1980. 224. Rasmussen, L. and Merigan, T.C.: Effect of interferon therapy on circulating lymphocytes in humans. Journal of Interferon Research 1:101-110, 1980. 225. Pollard, R.B., Egbert, P.R., Gallagher, J.G. and Merigan, T.C.: Cytomegalovirus retinitis in immunosuppressed hosts. I. Natural history and effects of treatment with adenine arabinoside. Annals of Internal Medicine 93:655-664, 1980. 226. Egbert, P.R., Pollard, R.B., Gallagher, J.G. and Merigan, T.C.: Cytomegalovirus retinitis in immunosuppressed hosts. II. Ocular manifestations. Annals of Internal Medicine 93:664-670, 1980. 227. Merigan, T.C.: Immunosuppression and herpesviruses. In The Human Herpesviruses, An Interdisciplinary Perspective (Eds. A. Nahmias, W. Dowdle and R.F. Schinazi, Elsevier, New York) pp. 309-315, 1980. 228. Merigan, T.C.: Antiviral prevention and therapy in Infections in the Immunocompromised Host (Eds. J. Verholf, P. Peterson and P. Quie, Elsevier/North Holland, Amsterdam) pp. 245-258, 1980. 229. Sikora, K., Basham, T., Dilley, J., Levy, R. and Merigan, T.: Inhibition of lymphoma hybrids by human interferon. Lancet i:891-893, 1980. 230. Sonnenfeld, G., Meruelo, D., McDevitt, H.O. and Merigan, T.C.: Effect of Type I and Type II interferons on murine thymocyte surface antigen expression. Induction or selection? Cellular Immunology 57:427-439, 1981. 231. Andres, L.L., Sawhney, V.K., Scullard, G.H., Smith, J.L., Merigan, T.C., Robinson, W.S. and Gregory, P.B.: Dane particle DNA polymerase and HBeAg: Impact on clinical, laboratory, and histologic findings in hepatitis B-associated chronic liver disease. Hepatology 1:583-585, 1981. 232. Merigan, T.C.: Chemotherapy for viral diseases. In Perspectives in Virology XI (Eds. M. Pollard, Alan R. Liss Inc., New York) pp. 249-261, 1981. 233. Merigan, T.C.: Virology and immune mechanisms. Cancer 47:1091-1094, 1981. 234. Louie, A.C., Gallagher, J.G., Sikora, K., Levy, R., Rosenberg, S.A. and Merigan, T.C.: Follow-up observations on the effect of human leukocyte interferon in non-Hodgkins lymphoma. Blood 58:712-718, 1981. 235. Merigan, T.C., Gallagher, J.G., Pollard, R.B. and Arvin, A.M.: Short-course human leukocyte interferon in treatment of herpes zoster in patients with cancer. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 19:193-195, 1981. 236. Creasey, A.A., Bartholomew, J.C. and Merigan, T.C.: The importance of G0 in interferon's site of action in the cell cycle. Experimental Cell Research 134:158-160, 1981. 237. 25 Stewart, G.J., Kelsall, B.L., Charron, D.J., Grumet, F.C. and Merigan, T.C.: The role of HLA-DR determinants in monocyte-macrophage presentation of herpes simplex virus antigen to human T cells. Cellular Immunology 61:11-21, 1981. 238. Rand, K.H., Rosenbloom, A.L., Maclaren, N.K., Silverstein, J.H., Riley, W.J., Butterworth, B.E., Yoon, J.W., Rubenstein, A.H. and Merigan, T.C.: Human leukocyte interferon treatment of two children with insulin dependent diabetes. Diabetologia 21:116-119, 1981. 239. Dunnick, J.K., Merigan, T.C. and Galasso, G.J.: Report of a workshop on DNA recombinant technology in interferon cloning. Journal of Infectious Diseases 143:297-300, 1981. 240. Pollard, R.B., Egbert, P.R., Gallagher, J.G. and Merigan, T.C.: Infections with cytomegalovirus in adults and the natural history and treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. In Herpetische Augenerkrankungen (Ed. J.F. Bergmann, Verlag, Munchen) pp. 481-493, 1981. 241. Engleman, E.G., Sonnenfeld, G., Dauphinee, M., Greenspan, J.S., Talal, N., McDevitt, H.O. and Merigan, T.C.: Treatment of NZB/NZW F1 hybrid mice with mycobacterium bovis strain BCG or type II interferon preparations accelerates autoimmune disease. Arthritis and Rheumatism 24:1396-1402, 1981. 242. Merigan, T.C.: Present appraisal of and future hopes for the clinical utilization of human interferons. Interferon III (Ed. I. Gresser, Academic Press, New York) pp. 135-154, 1981. 243. Merigan, T.C.: Interferon as an antiviral agent in man. In The Biology of the Interferon System (Eds. E. DeMaeyer, G. Galasso & H. Schellekens, Elsevier/North Holland, Amsterdam) pp. 323330, 1981. 244. Merigan, T.C.: Possible approaches to immunotherapy of viral diseases. In Munich Symposia on Microbiology: Biological Products for Viral Diseases (Ed. P.A. Bachmann, Taylor and Francis Limited, London) pp. 157-166, 1981. 245. Chou, S., Gallagher, J.G. and Merigan, T.C.: Controlled clinical trial of intravenous acyclovir in heart-transplant patients with mucocutaneous herpes simplex infections. Lancet 1:1392-1394, 1981. 246. Scullard, G.H., Smith, C.I., Merigan, T.C., Robinson, W.S. and Gregory, P.B.: Effects of immunosuppressive therapy on viral markers in chronic active hepatitis B. Gastroenterology 81:987-991, 1981. 247. Harfast, B., Huddlestone, J.R., Casali, P., Merigan, T.C. and Oldstone, M.B.A.: Interferon acts directly on human B lymphocytes to modulate immunoglobulin synthesis. Journal of Immunology 127:2146-2150, 1981. 248. Scullard, G.H., Pollard, R.B., Smith, J.L., Sacks, S.L., Gregory, P.B., Robinson, W.S. and Merigan, T.C.: Antiviral treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. I. Changes in viral markers with interferon combined with adenine arabinoside. Journal of Infectious Diseases 143:772-783, 1981. 249. Scullard, G.H., Andres, L.L., Greenberg, H.B., Smith, J.L., Sawhney, V.K., Neal, E.A., Mahal, A.S., Popper, H., Merigan, T.C., Robinson, W.S. and Gregory, P.B.: Antiviral treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection: Improvement in liver disease with interferon and adenine arabinoside. Hepatology 1:228-232, 1981. 250. Scullard, G.H., Greenberg, H.B., Smith, J.L., Gregory, P.B., Merigan, T.C. and Robinson, W.S.: Antiviral treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection: Infectious virus cannot be detected in patient serum after permanent responses to treatment. Hepatology 2:39-49, 1982. 26 251. Sacks, S.L., Scullard, G.H., Pollard, R.B., Gregory, P.B., Robinson, W.S. and Merigan, T.C.: Antiviral treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection: Pharmacokinetics and side effects of interferon and adenine arabinoside alone and in combination. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 21:93-100, 1982. 252. Pollard, R.B., Arvin, A.M., Gamberg, P., Rand, K.H., Gallagher, J.G. and Merigan, T.C.: Specific cell mediated immunity and infections with herpes viruses in cardiac transplant recipients. American Journal of Medicine, 73:679-689, 1982. 253. Gallagher, J.G., Louie, A., Sikora, K., Levy, R., Merigan, T. and Rosenberg, S.A.: The evaluation of human leukocyte interferon in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease. In Immunotherapy of Human Cancer (Eds. Terry W. and S. Rosenberg, Elsevier/North Holland, Amsterdam) pp. 393-396, 1982. 254. Merigan, T.C.: Chemotherapy of hepatitis B virus infection. In Viral Hepatitis (Eds. W. Szmuness, J. Maynard and H. Alter, Franklin Institute Press, Philadephia, PA) pp. 537-544, 1982. 255. Creasey, A.A. and Merigan, T.C.: Advances in Interferon Research -- Medical School Staff Conference, University of California, San Francisco. Western Journal of Medicine 136:227-235, 1982. 256. Sacks, S.L., Merigan, T.C., Kaminska, J. and Fox, I.H.: Inactivation of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase during adenine arabinoside therapy. Journal of Clinical Investigation 69:226-230, 1982. 257. Arvin, A.M., Schmidt, N.J., Cantell, K. and Merigan, T.C.: Alpha interferon administration to infants with congenital rubella. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 21:259-261, 1982. 258. Smith, C.I. and Merigan, T.C.: Therapeutic approaches to chronic hepatitis B. In Progress in Liver Disease, Volume VII (Eds. H. Popper and F. Schaffer, Grune and Stratton, New York) pp. 481-494, 1982. 259. Rasmussen, L., Kelsall, D., Nelson, R., Carney, W., Hirsch, M., Winston, D., Preiksaitis, J. and Merigan, T.C.: Virus-specific IgG and IgM antibodies in normal and immunocompromised subjects infected with cytomegalovirus. Journal of Infectious Diseases 145:191-199, 1982. 260. Arvin, A.M., Kushner, J.H., Feldman, S., Baehner, R.L., Hammond, D. and Merigan, T.C.: Human leukocyte interferon for the treatment of varicella in children with cancer. New England Journal of Medicine 306:761-765, 1982. 261. Friedman, R.M., Epstein, L.B. and Merigan, T.C.: Interferon redux. (Editorial) Nature 296: 704705, 1982. 262. Horning, S.J., Levine, J.F., Miller, R.A., Rosenberg, S.A. and Merigan, T.C.: Clinical and immunologic effects of recombinant leukocyte A interferon in eight patients with advanced cancer. Journal of the American Medical Assocation 247: 1718-1722, 1982. 263. Smith, C.I., Kitchen, L.W., Scullard, G.H., Robinson, W.S., Gregory, P.B. and Merigan, T.C.: Vidarabine monophosphate and human leukocyte interferon in chronic hepatitis B infection. Journal of the American Medical Association 247:2261-2265, 1982 264. Preiksaitis, J.K., Rosno, S., Rasmussen, L. and Merigan, T.C.: Cytomegalovirus infection in heart transplant recipients: Preliminary results of a controlled trial of intravenous gamma globulin. Journal of Clinical Immunology, 2:36S-41S, 1982. 27 265. Winston, D.J., Ho, W.G., M.D., Rasmussen, L.E., Lin, C.H., Chu, C.L., Merigan, T.C. and Gale, R.P.: Use of intravenous immune globulin in patients receiving bone marrow transplants. Journal of Clinical Immunology. 2:42S-47S, 1982. 266. Merigan, T.C.: Interferon therapy in viral infections and malignant disease. In The Clinical Potential of Interferons (Eds. R. Kono and J. Vilcek, University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo) pp. 103110, 1982. 267. Merigan, T.C.: Systemic antivirals for therapy of herpesviral diseases. In Herpes Virus of Man and Animals: Standardization of Immunologic Procedures, Developments in Biologic Standardization. (Eds. M. Bonneau and W. Henessen, S. Karger, Basel) pp. 527-533, 1982. 268. Gutterman, J.U., Fine, S., Quesada, J., Horning, S.J., Levine, J.F., Alexanian, R., Bernhardt, L., Kramer, M., Spiegel, H., Colburn, W., Trown, P., Merigan, T. and Dziewanowski, Z.: Recombinant leukocyte A interferon: Pharmacokinetics, single-dose tolerance, and biologic effects in cancer patients. Annals of Internal Medicine. 96:549-556, 1982. 269. Stiehm, E.R., Kronenberg, L.H., Rosenblatt, H.M., Bryson, Y. and Merigan, T.C.: Interferon: Immunobiology and clinical significance. Annals of Internal Medicine 96:80-93, 1982. 270. Basham, T.Y., Bourgeade, M.F., Creasey, A.A. and Merigan, T.C.: Interferon increases HLA synthesis in melanoma cells: Studies in interferon resistant and sensitive cell lines. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) 79:3265-3269, 1982. 271. Winston, D.J., Pollard, R.B., Ho, W.G., Gallagher, J.G., Rasmussen, L.E., Huang, S.N., Lin, C.H., Gossett, T.G., Merigan, T.C. and Gale, R.P.: Cytomegalovirus immune plasma in bone marrow transplant recipients. Annals of Internal Medicine. 97:11-17, 1982. 272. Smith, C.I., Scullard, G.H., Gregory, P.B., Robinson, W.S. and Merigan, T.C.: Preliminary studies of acyclovir in chronic hepatitis B. In Proceedings of Symposium on Acyclovir (Eds. D. King and G. Galasso) American Journal of Medicine. 73 (Supplement) pp. 267-270, 1982. 273. Abb, J., Deinhardt, F., Zander, H., Tenser, R.B., Rapp, F., Goust, J-M, Fudenberg, H.H., Vilcek, J., Ho, M., Merigan, T.C., Oldstone, M.B.A. and Jackson, G.G.: Treatment of multiple sclerosis with interferon. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 146:109-115, 1982. 274. Arvin, A.M., Martin, D.P., Gard, E., Merigan, T.C., Feldman, S., Kushner, J.H. and the Principal Investigators of the Children's Cancer Study Group: Alpha-interferon in simian and human varicella. In Interferons. (Eds. T.C. Merigan and R.M. Friedman, Academic Press, New York). pp. 393-397, 1982. 275. Merigan, T.C., Galasso, G.J. and Kelsey, D.: In remembrance of Lowell Glasgow, M.D. In Interferons. (Eds. T.C. Merigan and R.M. Friedman, Academic Press, New York). pp. 327-328, 1982. 276. Merigan, T.C.: Interferon as an antiviral in man. In Interferon 25 Years On. (Eds. D. Tyrrell and D.C. Burke) Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. 299:109-113, 1982. 277. Pazin, G.J., Ho., M., Haverkos, H.W., Armstrong, J.A., Breinig, M.C., Wechsler, H.J., Arvin, A., Merigan, T.C. and Cantell, K.: Effects of interferon alpha on human warts. Journal of Interferon Research 2:235-243, 1982. 278. Merigan, T.C.: Interferon - The First Quarter Century. Journal of the American Medical Association. 248:2513-2516, 1982. 279. 28 Basham, T and Merigan, T.C. Immunoregulation by gamma- interferon? (Editorial) Nature. 299:778, 1982. 280. Arvin, A.M., Martin, D.P., Gard, E.A. and Merigan, T.C.: Interferon prophylaxis for simian varicella infection in Erythrocebus Patas Monkeys. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 147:149-154, 1983. 281. Merigan, T.C. and Chou, S.: Anti DNA Virus Drugs - Acyclovir and Ara A In Beecham Colloquium on Problems of Antiviral Therapy (Edited by C. Stuart-Harris and J. Oxford Academic Press, New York). pp. 277-289, 1983. 282. Horning, S.J., Levine, J.F., Meyers, M., Merigan, T.C. and Rosenberg, S.A.: Phase I study of human leucocyte interferon in patients with advanced cancer. Journal of Biologic Response Modifiers. 2:46-56, 1983. 283. Basham, T. and Merigan, T.C.: Recombinant interferon gamma increases HLA-DR synthesis and expression. Journal of Immunology. 130:1492-1494, 1983. 284. Smith, C.I., Weissberg, J., Bernhardt, L., Gregory, P.B., Robinson, W.S. and Merigan, T.C.: Acute Dane particle suppression with recombinant leukocyte A interferon in chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 148:907-913, 1983. 285. Chou, S. and Merigan, T.C.: Rapid Detection and Quantitation of Human Cytomegalovirus in urine via DNA Hybridization. New England Journal of Medicine. 308:921-925, 1983. 286. Cunningham, A.L. and Merigan, T.C.: Gamma interferon production appears to predict time of recurrence of herpes labialis. Journal of Immunology. 130:2397-2400, 1983. 287. Creasey, A.A., Eppstein, D.A., Marsh, Y.V., Khan, Z. and Merigan, T.C.: Growth regulation of melanoma cells by interferon and (2' -5') oligoadenylate synthetase. Molecular and Cellular Biology. 3:780-786, 1983. 288. Smith, C.I. and Merigan, T.C.: Treatment of viral hepatitis. In Viral Hepatitis: Laboratory and Clinical Science (Eds. F. Deinhardt and J. Deinhardt, M. Dekker, New York) pp. 491-512, 1983. 289. Merigan, T.C.: A brief autobiography with memories of the Boston City Hospital. In The Harvard Medical Unit at Boston City Hospital, Volume II, Part 2: (Ed. M. Finland and W. Castle, Countway Library of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston) pp. 989-994, 1983. 290. Preiksaitis, J.K., Rosno, S., Grumet, C. and Merigan, T.C.: Herpesvirus infection in cardiac transplant recipients: Role of the donor heart and immunosuppressive therapy. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 147:974-981, 1983. 291. Rice, P. A., Casali, P., Merigan, T.C. and Oldstone, M.B.A.: Natural killer cell activity in patients with multiple sclerosis given alpha interferon. Annals of Neurology. 14:333-338, 1983. 292. Merigan, T.C.: Human Interferon as a Therapeutic Agent - Current Status (Editorial) New England Journal of Medicine. 308:1530-1531, 1983. 293. Seto, W.H., Choo, Y.C., Hsu, C. Merigan, T.C., Tan, Y.H., Matt, K. and Ng, M.H.: Local treatment of intraepitheial neoplasis of the cervix with IFN-alpha and IFN-beta. In The Biology of the Interferon System, 1983. (Eds. E. De Maeyer, and H. Schellekens, Elsevier, Amsterdam) pp. 505-510, 1983. 294. Hsu, C., Choo, Y.C., Seto, W.H., Pang, S.W., Tan, Y.H., Merigan, T.C. and Ng, M.H.: Exfoliative cytology in the evaluation of interferon treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Acta 29 Cytologica. 28:111-117, 1984. 295. Merigan, T.C. Clinical Applications of Antiviral Agents. In Control of Virus Diseases. (Eds. E. Kurstak and R.G. Marusyk, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York and Basel) pp.431-442, 1984. 296. Buchanan, R.A., Galasso, G.J. and Merigan, T.C. Antiviral Therapy Today. In Antiviral Agents and Virus Diseases of Man, (Second Edition). (Eds. G.J. Galasso, T.C. Merigan, and R.A. Buchanan, Raven Press, New York) pp. 537-577, 1984. 297. Cunningham, A.L. and Merigan, T.C.: The Use of Interferons in the Control of Viral Diseases. In Concepts in Viral Pathogenesis. (Eds. M.B.A. Oldstone and A.L. Notkins, Springer Verlag, New York) pp. 389-397, 1984. 298. Merigan, T.C.: Interferons. In Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, Second Edition (Eds. Mandell, G.L., Douglas, R.G. and J.E. Bennett, J.Wiley and Sons, New York) Chapter 8, pp. 93-96, 1984. 299. Garcia, G. and Merigan, T.C.: Treatment of chronic hepatitis B. In Advances in Hepatitis Research. (Eds. F.V. Chisari, Masson Publishing USA, New York) 251-257, 1984. 300. Cunningham, A.L. and Merigan, T.C.: Leu 3 positive T cells produce gamma interferon in patients with recurrent herpes labialis. Journal of Immunology. 132:197-202, 1984. 301. Rasmussen, L.E., Nelson, R.M., Kelsall, D.C. and Merigan, T.C.: Murine Monoclonal antibody to a single protein neutralizes the infectivity of human cytomegalovirus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science (US). 81:876-880, 1984. 302. Chou, S.W., Dylewski, J.S., Gaynon, M.W., Egbert, P.R. and Merigan, T.C.: Alpha-interferon administration in cytomegalovirus retinitis. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 25:25-28, 1984. 303. Dylewski, J.S., Rasmussen, L.E., Mills, J. and Merigan, T.C.: Large scale serologic screening for CMV antibody in homosexual males using ELISA technique. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 19:200-203, 1984. 304. Merigan, T.C. What are we going to do about AIDS and HTLV-III/LAV virus? (Editorial) New England Journal of Medicine, 311:1311-1313, 1984. 305. Merigan, T.C.: Summary. In Interferons. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Interferons (Eds. T. Kishida, Published by International Symposium on Interferons, Kyoto) pp. 458-460, 1984. 306. Basham, T., Smith, W., Lanier, L, Morhenn, V. and Merigan, T.: Regulation of expression of class II major histocompatibility on human peripheral blood monocytes and Langerhans cells by interferon. Human Immunology, 10:83-93, 1984. 307. Merigan, T.C., Baer, G.M., Winkler, W.G., Bernard, K.W., Gibert, C.G., Chany, C., Veronesi, R. and the Collaborative Group. Human leukocyte interferon administration to symptomatic rabies and suspect rabies patients. Annals of Neurology. 16:82-87, 1984. 308. Smith, G.A., Giacomini K.M., Smith C.I., Gregory P.B., Robinson, W.S., Merigan, T.C., and Blaschke, T.F.: High performance liquid chromatography analysis of hypoxanthine arabinoside in plasma. Journal of Chromatography, 307:410-415, 1984. 309. Basham, T.Y., Nickoloff, B.J., Merigan, T.C. and Morhenn, V.B. Recombinant gamma interferon induces HLA-DR expression on cultured human keratinocytes. Journal of Investigative 30 Dermatology. 83:88-90, 1984. 310. Quesada, J.R., Hawkins, M., Horning, S., Alexanian, R., Borden, E., Merigan, T.C., Adams, F., and Gutterman, J.U. A collaborative phase I-II study of recombinant DNA-produced leukocyte interferon (Clone A) in metastatic breast cancer, malignant lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. American Journal of Medicine. 77:427-432, 1984. 311. Chou, S., Roark, L. and Merigan, T.C. DNA of 21 clinical cytomegalovirus strains detected by hybridization to cloned DNA fragments of laboratory strain AD-169. Journal of Medical Virology, 14:263-268, 1984. 312. Basham, T.Y., Smith, W.K. and Merigan, T.C. Interferon enhances human ADCC when suboptimal concentrations of antibody are used. Cellular Immunology, 88:393-400, 1984. 313. Kamin-Lewis, R.M., Panitch, H.S., Merigan, T.C. and Johnson, K.P. Decreased interferon synthesis and responsiveness to interferon by leukocytes from multiple sclerosis patients given natural alpha-interferon. Journal of Interferon Research, 4:423-432, 1984. 314. Knobler, R.L., Panitch, H.S., Braheny, S.L., Sipe, J.C., Rice, G.P.A., Huddlestone, J.R., Francis, G.S., Hooper, C.J., Kamin-Lewis, R.M., Johnson, K.P., Oldstone, M.B.A., and Merigan, T.C. Systemic alpha interferon in multiple sclerosis. Neurology, (Cleveland). 34:1273-1279, 1984. 315. Weissberg, J.I., Andres, L.L., Smith, C.I., Wick, S., Nichols, J.E., Garcia, G., Robinson, W.S., Merigan, T.C. and Gregory, P.B. Survival in chronic hepatitis B: Analysis of 379 patients. Annals of Internal Medicine, 101:613-616, 1984. 316. Rasmussen, L.E., Chen, P.T. and Merigan, T.C. Comparison of antiviral activities of cloned and native human interferons against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 and human cytomegalovirus. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 26:599-600, 1984. 317. Rasmussen, L. C., Chen, P.T., Mullenax, J.G. and Merigan, T.C. Inhibition of human cytomegalovirus replication by 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxy methyl)guanine, alone and in combination with human interferons. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 26:441-445, 1984. 318. Eisenberg, M. and Merigan, T.C. Clinical experience with antivirals. In Proceedings of the IX International Congress of Pharmacology (eds. Mitchell, J.F., Paton, W., Turner, P. MacMillan Press, Ltd., London). Vol. 1, pp.323-330, 1984. 319. Nickoloff, BJ, Basham, TY, Merigan, TC and Morhenn, VB. Antiproliferative Effects of Recombinant Alpha and Gamma Interferons on Cultured Human Keratinocytes. Laboratory Investigation. 51:697-701, 1985. 320. Chou, S. and Merigan, T.C.: Antiviral Chemotherapy. Chapter 17 in Virology, (Eds. Fields, B.N., Melnick, J.L., Chanock, R., Shope, R.I. and B. Roizman. Raven Press, New York) pp. 323-348, 1985. 321. Cunningham, A.L., Nelson, P.A., Fathman, C.G. and Merigan, T.C. Interferon gamma production by herpes simplex antigen specific T cell clones from patients with recurrent herpes labialis. Journal of General Virology. 66:249-258, 1985. 322. Basham, T.Y., Nickoloff, B.J., Merigan, T.C., and Morehenn, V.B. Recombinant gamma interferon differentially regulates class II antigen expression and biosynthesis on cultured normal human keratinocytes. Journal of Interferon Research, 5:23-32, 1985. 323. 31 Knobler, R.L., Panitch, H.S., Braheny, S.L., Sipe, J.C., Rice, G.P.A., Johnson, Huddlestone, J.R., Francis, G.S., Hooper, C.J., Kamin-Lewis, R.M., K.P., Oldstone, M.B.A. and Merigan, T.C.: A clinical trial of natural alpha interferon in multiple sclerosis. In Multiple Sclerosis: Experimental and Clinical Aspects, (Eds. L. Scheinberg and C.S. Raine.) Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 436: 382-388, 1985. 324. Cunningham, A.L., Turner, R.R., Miller A.C., Para, M.F. and Merigan, T.C. Evolution of recurrent herpes simplex lesions: An immunohistologic study. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 75:226233, 1985. 325. Merigan, T.C. and Horning, S. Clinical experiences with interferons in human malignancy at Stanford University in The Biology of the Interferon System, 1984. (edited by H.K. Kirchner and H.Schellekens, Elsevier, Amsterdam) pp. 495-501, 1985. 326. Hawkins, M, Horning, S., Konrad, M., Anderson, S., Schiesel, J., Sielaff, K., Rosno, S., Demets, D., Merigan, T.C., and Borden, E. Interferon Beta-ser: Interim analysis of a phase I clinical trial In The Biology of the Interferon System, 1984. (edited by H. K. Kirchner and H. Schellekens, Elsevier Amsterdam), pp. 503-508, 1985. 327. Garcia, G., Scullard, G., Smith, C., Weissberg, J., Alexander, J., Robinson, W., Gregory P and Merigan, T.C. Preliminary observations of hepatitis B associated membranous glomerulonephritis treated with leukocyte interferon. Hepatology, 5:317-320, 1985. 328. Merigan, T.C. Clinical Effects of Interferons. In Cellular and Molecular Biology of Lymphokines (edited by C.Sorg and A. Schimpl, Academic Press, New York), pp. 699-709, 1985. 329. Horning, S.J., Merigan, T.C., Krown, S.E., Gutterman, J.U., Louie, A., Gallagher, J., McCravey, J., Abramson, J., Cabanillas, F., Oettgen, H., and Rosenberg, S. Human interferon alpha in malignant lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease. Results of the American Cancer Society Trial. Cancer, 56:1305-1310, 1985. 330. Preiksaitis, J.K., Grumet, F.C., Smith, W.K. and Merigan, T.C. Transfusion-acquired cytomegalovirus infection in cardiac surgery patients. Journal of Medical Virology. 15:283-290, 1985. 331. Connors, J.M., Andiman, W.A., Howarth, C.B., Liu, E., Merigan, TC., Savage, M.E., and Jacobs, C. Treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with human leukocyte interferon. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 6:813-817, 1985. 332. Cunningham, A.L., Basham, T.Y., Para, M.F. and Merigan, T.C. Role of macrophage D region antigens and T lymphocyte differentiation antigens in induction of gamma interferon. Journal of Interferon Research. 5:477-491, 1985. 333. Rasmussen, L., Mullenax, J., Nelson, R. and Merigan, T.C. Viral polypeptides detected by a complement dependent neutralizing murine monoclonal antibody to human cytomegalovirus. Journal of Virology. 55:274-280, 1985. 334. Rasmussen, L., Mullenax, J., Nelson, M., and Merigan, T.C. Human cytomegalovirus polypeptides stimulate neutralizing antibody in vivo. Virology, 145:186-190, 1985. 335. Drew, L.W., Mills, J., Levy J, Dylewski, J., Cassavant C, Ammann, A.J., Brodie, H., and Merigan, T.C. Cytomegalovirus infection and abnormal T lymphocyte subset ratios in homosexual men. Annals of Internal Medicine. 103:61-63, 1985. 336. Cantell, K. and Merigan, T.C. Clinical Virology in Overview of Scientific Sessions, International Society for Interferon Research, Journal of Interferon Research, 5:678, 1985. 32 337. Nickoloff, B.J., Basham, T. Y., Merigan, T. C., and Morhenn, V.B. Immunomodulating and Antiproliferative Effects of Recombinant Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Interferons on Cultured Human Malignant Squamous Cell Lines, SCL-1 and SW-1271. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 84:487-490, 1985. 338. Merigan, T.C. Interferon as a Model for Biotechnology Transfer in Man. In Biotech 85 Asia The World Biotech Report 1985, Volume 3:Asia, (Edited by G. Green) Online Press, London, pp. 9199, 1985. 339. Hawkins, M., Horning, S., Konrad, M., Anderson, S., Sielaff, K., Rosno, S., Schiesel, J., Davis, T., DeMets, D., Merigan, T.C. and Borden, E. Phase I Evaluation of a Synthetic Mutant of Interferon Beta. Cancer Research. 45:5914-5920, 1985. 340. Rice, G.P.A., Woelfel, E.L., Talbot, P.J., Braheny, S.L., Sipe, J.C., Knobler, R.L., Merigan, T.C. and Oldstone, M.B.A. Immunological Complications in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Receiving Interferon. Annals of Neurology. 18:439-442, 1985. 341. Panitch, H.S., Francis, G.S., Hooper, C.J., Merigan, T.C., and Johnson, K.P. Serial Immunological Studies in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated Systemically with Human Alpha Interferon. Annals of Neurology. 18:434-438, 1985. 342. Choo, Y.C., Hsu, C., Seto, W.H., Miller, D.G., Merigan, T.C., Ng, M.H., Ma, H.K. Intravaginal application of leukocyte interferon gel in the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Archives of Gynecology. 237:51-54, 1985. 343. Sanford, J.P. and others. Vaccine Supply and Innovation. A Report from the Institute of Medicine. (Published by National Academy Press, Washington D.C.) 1985, 202 pages. 344. Joklik, W.K. and others. Research Briefing Panel on Prevention and Treatment of Viral Disease. In Research Briefing, 1986 (Published by the National Academy Press, Washington D.C.), pp. 49-621, 1986. 345. Eisenberg, M., Rosno, S., Garcia, G., Gregory, P.B., Robinson, W.S., and Merigan, T.C. Preliminary Trial of Recombinant Fibroblast Interferon (Beta ) in Chronic Hepatitis B virus ser Infection. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 29:122-126, 1986. 346. Collaborative DHPG Treatment Study Group (T. C. Merigan, Chairman). Treatment of Serious Cytomegalovirus Infections Using 9-(1,3-Dihydroxy-2-Propoxymethyl) Guanine in Patients with AIDS and Other Immunodeficiencies. New England Journal of Medicine, 314:801-805, 1986. 347. Weinberg, A., Rasmussen, L., and Merigan, T.C. Acute Genital Infection in Guinea Pigs: Effect of Recombinant Interleukin 2 on Acute Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 54:134-140, 1986. 348. Weinberg A., Basham T.Y., and Merigan T.C. Regulation of guinea-pig immune functions by interleukin-2: Critical role of natural killer activity in acute HSV-2 genital infection. Journal of Immunology. 137:3310-3317, 1986. 349. Basham, T.Y., Kaminski, M.S., Levy, R., and Merigan, T.C. In Vivo Therapy of Interferon and Monoclonal Antibody for Murine Lymphoma. In The Biology of the Interferon System, 1985 (Edited by H. Schellekens, and W. Stewart, Elsevier Press, Amsterdam) 1986, pp. 389-395. 350. Choo, Y.C., Seto, W.H., Hsu, C., Merigan, T.C., Tan, Y.J., Ma H.K., and Ng, M.N. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia treated by perilesional injection of interferon. British Journal of Obstetrics 33 and Gynaecology. 93:372-379, 1986. 351. Torseth, J.W. and Merigan, T.C. Significance of Local Gamma Interferon in Recurrent Herpes Simplex Interferon. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 153:979-984, 1986. 352. Nickoloff, B.J., Basham, T.Y., Merigan, T.C., and Morhenn, V.B. Human keratinocyte-lymphocyte reactions in vitro. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 87(1):11-18, 1986. 353. Basham, T.Y., Kaminski, M.S., Kitamura, K., Levy, R., and Merigan, T.C. Synergistic antitumor effect of interferon and anti-idiotype monoclonal antibody in murine lymphoma. Journal of Immunology, 137:3019-3024, 1986. 354. Eisenberg, M. and T. C. Merigan. Viral Diseases. Chapter XXVIII. In Drug Treatment Principles and Practices of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, (Edited by G.S. Avery, Adis Press, Sydney and New York), pp. 1236-1251, 1987. 355. Torseth, J.W., Nickoloff, B.J., Basham, T.Y. and Merigan, T.C. Beta Interferon Produced by Keratinocytes in Human Cutaneous Infection with Herpes Simplex Virus. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 155:641-648, 1987. 356. Garcia G., Smith C.I., Weissberg J.I., Eisenberg M., Bissett J., Nair P.V., Rosno S., Roskamp D., Waterman K., Pollard R.B., Tong M.J., Brown B.W., Robinson W.S., Gregory P.B. and Merigan T.C. Adenine arabinoside monophosphate in combination with human leukocyte interferon in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Annals of Internal Medicine, 107:278-285, 1987. 357. Torseth, J.W., Cohen, G.H., Eisenberg, R.J., Berman, P.W., Lasky, L.A., Cerini, C.P., Heilman, C.J., Kerwar, S., and Merigan, T.C. Native and Recombinant Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Envelope Proteins Induce Human Immune T-Lymphocyte Responses. Journal of Virology. 61:1532-1539, 1987. 358. Weinberg, A, Konrad, M, and Merigan, T.C. Regulation by Recombinant Interleukin-2 of Protective Immunity Against Recurrent HSV-2 Genital Infection in Guinea Pigs. Journal of Virology. 61:2120-2127, 1987. 359. Weinberg, A. and Merigan, T.C. Recombinant Interleukin-2 as an Adjuvant for Vaccine Induced Protection: Immunization of Guinea Pigs with Subunit HSV Vaccines. Journal of Immunology. 140:294-299, 1987. 360. Konrad, M.W., Childs, A.L., Merigan, T.C. and Borden, E.C. Assessment of Antigenic Response in Man to Recombinant Mutant Interferon-Beta. Journal of Clinical Immunology. 7:365-375, 1987. 361. Keay, S., Bissett, J.D. and Merigan, T.C. Ganciclovir Treatment of CMV Infection in Iatrogenically Immunocompromised Patients. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 156:1016-1021. 1987. 362. Merigan, T.C. Is Recombinant Interleukin-2 the Best Way to Deliver Gamma Interferon in Human Diseases? Journal of Interferon Research. 7:635-639, 1987. 363. Merigan, T.C. Viral Infections in Developing Countries. Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Immunologica Scandinavia (Suppl) 3:26-29, 1988. 364. Marks, P.A., Bennett, J.C., Hanft, R.S., Kelley, W.N., Larson, E.L., Lasagna, L., Laubach, G.D., Martin, D., Jr., Merigan, T.C., Jr., Nathan, D.G., Rabkin, M.T., Rose, R., Stolley, P., Wells, S.A., Jr., and Wennberg, J. Resources for Clinical Investigation: Report of a Study By a Committee of the Institute of Medicine, Division of Health Sciences Policy. (National Academy Press, 34 Washington D.C.) 1988, pp. 1-87. 365. Keay, S., Rasmussen, L.E., and Merigan, T.C. Syngeneic Monoclonal Anti-Idiotype Antibodies Which Bear the Internal Image of a Human Cytomegalovirus Neutralization Epitope. Journal of Immunology. 140:944-948, 1988. 366. Torseth, J.W., Berman, P.W., and Merigan, T.C. Recombinant HIV Structural Proteins Detect Specific Cellular Immunity In Vivo in Infected Individuals. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses. 4:23-30, 1988. 367. Rasmussen, L., Nelson, M., Neff, M., and Merigan, T.C. Characterization of Two Different Human Cytomegalovirus Glycoproteins Which are Targets for Virus Neutralizing Antibody. Virology. 163:308-318, 1988. 368. Merigan, T.C. Introduction. In Cytomegalovirus Infection and Treatment With Ganciclovir (Edited by T.C. Merigan and H. C. Lane), Reviews in Infectious Diseases, (Supplement). 103:S457S459, 1988. 369. Keay, S., Petersen, E., Zeluff, H.J., Samo, T., Busch, D., Polk, F., Buhles, W. and Merigan, T.C. Ganciclovir Treatment of Serious CMV Infection in Heart and Heart-Lung Transplant Recipients. Reviews of Infectious Diseases (Supplement) 10:S563-S572, 1988. 370. Bissett, J.D., Eisenberg, M, Gregory, P., Robinson, W.S. and Merigan, T.C. Recombinant Fibroblast and Immune Interferons for Treating Chronic Hepatitis B Infection: Patient's Tolerance and the Effect on Viral Markers. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 157(5):1076-1080, 1988. 371. Basham, T.C., Palladino, M.A., Badger, C.C., Bernstein, I.D., Levy, R., and Merigan, T.C. Comparison of Combinations of Interferons with Tumor Specific and Non-specific Monoclonal Antibodies as Therapy for Murine B and T Cell Lymphomas. Cancer Research. 48:4196-4200, 1988. 372. Merigan, T.C. Human Interferon as a Therapeutic Agent - A Decade Passes. (Editorial) New England Journal of Medicine, 318:1458-1460, 1988. 373. Keay, S., Teng, N., Eisenberg, M., Story, B., Sellers, P. and Merigan, T.C. Topical Interferon in the Treatment of Condyloma Acuminata in Women. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 158:934939, 1988. 374. Basham, T.Y., Race, E.R., Campbell, M.J., Reid, T.R., Levy R., and Merigan, T.C. Synergistic Antitumor Activity with Interferon and Monoclonal Anti-Idiotype for Murine B Cell Lymphoma: Mechanism of Action. Journal of Immunology, 141:2855-2860, 1988. 375. Merigan, T.C. Opportunistic Infections in Hemophilia Patients: An Overview. In Complications of Hemophilia Therapy: New Strategies for Risk Reduction. (Edited by S.Ng, Audio-Visual Medical Marketing, Inc., New York) 1988, pgs. 34-35. 376. Spaete, R.R., Thayer, R.M., Probert, W.S., Masiary, F.R., Chamberlain, S.H., Rasmussen, L.E., Merigan, T.C. and Pachl, C. Human Cytomegalovirus Strain Towne Glycoprotein B is Processed by Proteolytic Cleavage. Virology, 167:207-225, 1988. 377. Skowron, G. and Merigan, T.C. Chapter 15, Chemotherapy and Chemoprophylaxis. In The Epidemiology of AIDS: Origin, Expression and Control of Human Immuno-deficiency Virus Infection. (Ed. by R. Kaslow, D. Francis, Oxford University Press, New York), 1989, pp 282-308. 378. Merigan, T.C., Skowron, G., Bozzette, S., Richman, D., Uttamchandani, R., Fischl, M., Hirsch, M., Soo, W., Pettinelli, C., Schaumberg, H., and the ddC Study Group of the AIDS Clinical Trials 35 Group. Circulating p24 Antigen Levels and Responses to Dideoxycytidine in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infections. A Phase I-II Study. Annals of Internal Medicine, 110:186-195, 1989. 379. Merigan, T.C. A Personal View of Efforts in Treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection. The 17th Maxwell Finland Lecture. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 159:390-399, 1989. 380. Skinner, M.H., Hsieh, M., Torseth, J.W., Pauloin, D., Bhatia, G., Harkonen, S., Merigan, T.C. and Blaschke, T.F. Pharmacokinetics of Rifabutin. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 33:1237-1241, 1989. 381. Brown, S.L., Miller R.A., Horning, S.J., Czerwinski D, Hart, S.M., McElderry R., Basham T.Y., Wamke, R.A., Merigan, T.C. and Levy, R. Treatment of B Cell Lymphoma With Anti-Idiotype Antibodies Alone and in Combination with Alpha Interferon. Blood. 73:651-661, 1989. 382. Torseth, J.W., Bhatia, G., Harkonen, S., Child, C., Skinner, M., Robinson, W.S., Blaschke, T.F., and Merigan, T.C. Evaluation of the Antiviral Effect of Rifabutin in AIDS-Related Complex. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 159:1115-1118, 1989. 383. Pachl, C., Robert, W.S., Hansen, K.M., Masiatz, F.R., Rasmussen, L.E., Merigan, T.C. and R.R. Spaete. Human Cytomegalovirus Strain Towne Glycoprotein H Gene Encodes Glycoprotein p86. Virology, 169:418-426, 1989. 384. Ho, R.J.Y., Burke, R.L., and Merigan, T.C. Antigen Presenting Liposomes are Effective in Treatment of Recurrent Herpes Simplex Genitalis in Guinea Pigs. Journal of Virology. 63:29512958, 1989. 385. Reid, T.R., Race, E.R., Wolff, B.H., Friedman, R.M., Merigan, T.C., and Basham, T.Y. Enhanced In Vivo Therapeutic Response to Interferon with an In Vitro Interferon Resistant B-cell Lymphoma. Cancer Research, 49:4163-4169, 1989. 386. Keay, S.F., Merigan, T.C. and Rasmussen, L.E. Identification of Cell Surface Receptors for the 86kDa Glycoprotein of Human Cytomegalovirus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA. 86:10100-10103, 1989. 387. Schooley, R.T., Merigan, T.C. Gaut, P, Hirsch, M.S., Holodniy, M., Flynn, T., Liu, S., Byington, R.E., Henochowicz, S., Gubish, E., Spriggs, D., Kufe, D., Schindler, J., Dawson, A., Thomas, D., Hanson, D.G., Letwin, B., Liu, T., Gulinello, J., Kennedy, S., Fisher, R., Ho, D.D. A Phase I/II Escalating Dose Trial of Recombinant Soluble CD4 Therapy in Patients with AIDS or AIDS Related Complex. Annals of Internal Medicine. 112:247-253, 1990. 388. Merigan, T.C. and Resta, S. CMV, Where Have We Been and Where Are We Going? Reviews in Infectious Diseases. 12:S693-S700, 1990. 389. Portnoi, D., Stall, A.M., Schwartz, D., Merigan, T.C., Herzenberg, L.A. and Basham, T.Y. Zidovudine (AZT) Inhibits Characteristic Early Alterations Of Lymphoid Cell Populations In Retrovirus-Induced Murine Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (MAIDS). Journal of Immunology. 144:1705-1710, 1990. 390. Basham, T.Y., Rios, C.D., Holdener, T. and Merigan, T.C. Zidovudine (AZT) Reduces Virus Titer, Retards Immune Dysfunction and Prolongs Survival in the LP-BM5 Murine Induced Immunodeficiency Model. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 161:1006-1009, 1990. 391. Merigan, T.C. Introduction and Summary. Advances in AIDS Management: Focus on Didanosine (ddI) in Reviews in Infectious Diseases. (Edited by T.C. Merigan). pp S499, S576, 36 1990. 392. Ho, R.J.Y., Burke, R.L. and Merigan, T.C. Physical and Biological Characterization of Antigen Presenting Liposome Formulations: Relative Efficacy for the Treatment of Recurrent genital HSV-2 in Guinea Pigs. Antiviral Research. 13:187-199, 1990. 393. Garcia, G., Smedile, A., Bergmann, K.F., Gerin, J.L., Gregory, P.B., Merigan, T.C., and Robinson, W.S. Acute Delta Hepatitis During Treatment with Ara-AMP with Resolution of the HBsAg Carrier State: A Detailed Clinical and Virologic Study. Western Journal of Medicine. 153:80-82, 1990. 394. Merigan, T. C. and Skowron, G. Safety and Tolerance of Dideoxycytidine as a Single Agent: Results of Early Phase Studies in Patients with AIDS or Advanced ARC. ddC Symposium, San Francisco. In: American Journal of Medicine (Edited by S. Broder). 88:(Suppl 5B) 10S-15S, 1990. 395. Skowron, G. and Merigan, T.C. Alternating and Intermittent Regimes in the Treatment of Patients with AIDS and AIDS-Complex. ddC Symposium, San Francisco. In: American Journal of Medicine (Edited by S. Broder). 88:(Suppl 5B) 20S-23S, 1990. 396. Volberding, P.A., Lagakos, S.W., Koch, M.A., Pettinelli, C., Myers, M.W., Booth, D. K., Balfour H.H, Reichman, R.C., Bartlett, J.A., Hirsch, M.S., Murphy, R.L., Harday, W.D., Soeiro, R., Fischl, M.A., Bartlett, J.G., Merigan, T.C., Hyslop, N.E., Richman, D.D., Valentine, F.T., Corey, L., and the AIDS Clinical Trials Group of the National Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Zidovudine in Asymptomatic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. A Controlled Trial in Persons with Fewer than 500 CD4-Postive Cells per Cubic Millimeter. New England Journal of Medicine. 322:941-949, 1990. 397. Schwartz, D.A. and Merigan, T.C. Interleukin-2 in the Treatment of HIV Disease. Biotherapy 2:119-136, 1990. 398. Merigan, T.C. You Can Teach an Old Dog New Tricks: How AIDS Trials Are Pioneering New Strategies. New England Journal of Medicine, 323:1341-1343, 1990. 399. Resta, S. Wolitz, R. and Merigan, T.C. CMV Retinitis in the AIDS Patient in AIDS Update, Volume 3: Supplement to AIDS Etiology, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention. (Edited by DeVita, V.T., Hellman, S. and Rosenberg, S.A.) J.B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia, 1-12, May/June, 1990. 400. Fischl, M.A., Richman, D.D., Hansen, N., Collier, A.C., Carey, J.T., Para, M.F., Hardy, W.D., Dolin, R., Powderly, W.G., Allan, J.D., Wong, B., Merigan, T.C., McAuliffe, V.J., Hyslop, N.E., Rhame, F.S., Balfour, H.H., Volberding, P., Pettinelli, C., Anderson, J., and the AIDS Clinical Trials Group. The Safety and Efficacy of Zidovudine (AZT) in the treatment of Patients with Mildly Symptomatic HIV Infection: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Annals of Internal Medicine, 112:727-737, 1990. 401. Fischl, M.A., Parker, C.B., Pettinelli, C., Wulfsohn, M., Hirsch, M.S., Collier, A.C., Causey, D., Ho, M., Richman, D.D., Fuchs, E., Merigan, T.C., Reichman, R.C., Gold, J., Steigbigel, N., Leoung, G.S., Rasheed, S., Tsiatis, A., and the AIDS Clinical Trials Group. The Efficacy and Safety of a Lower Daily Dose of Zidovudine in the Treatment of Patients with AIDS: A Randomized Controlled trial. New England Journal of Medicine, 323:1009-1014, 1990. 402. Merigan, T.C. Expanded Access to Investigational Therapy and The Effect on Controlled Trials in Proceedings of the Sixth Meeting of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Program Advisory Committee. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda 41-42, June 12, 1990. 403. Merigan, T.C. How AIDS is Changing the Face of Clinical Trials. Stanford Medicine, 8:932, 37 404. Winter, 1990. Ho, R.J.Y. and Merigan, T.C. Interleukin-2: A Potentially Useful Vaccine Adjuvant Chapter 6 in Topics in Vaccine Adjuvant Research. (Edited by D. Spriggs, and W. Koff Chemical Rubber Co. Press, Boca Raton.) pp 69-76, 1991. 405. Schwartz, D.H., Skowron, G. and Merigan, T.C. Safety and Effects of Interleukin-2 Plus Zidovudine in Asymptomatic Individuals Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. 4:11-23, 1991. 406. Merigan, T.C. and Katzenstein, D.A. Pathogenesis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Related to Various Strategies in Its Control. Reviews in Infectious Disease, 13:292-302, 1991. 407. Merigan, T.C. Treatment of AIDS with Combination of Antiretroviral Agents. American Journal of Medicine, 90(suppl 4A):8S-17S, 1991. 408. Holodniy, M., Katzenstein, D.A., Sengupat, S., Wang, A.M., Casipit, C., Schwartz, D.H., Konrad, M., Groves, E., and Merigan, T.C. Detection and Quantification of HIV-1 RNA in Patient Serum Using the Polymerase Chain Reaction. Journal of Infectious Diseases 163:862-866, 1991. 409. Merigan, T.C. Issues in the Development of More Effective Anti-Viral Therapies for HIV Infection. In: Current Issues in the Management of Patients with HIV Infections. Volume 5 In: Therapeutic Strategies in Oncology. (Edited by S. Krown Mediscript, London.) pp 3-19, 1991. 410. Merigan, T.C. Treatment of Cytomegalovirus Infection in the AIDS Patients. In Transplantation Proceedings (Edited by J. Zia) 23:122-125, 1991. 411. Basham, T.Y., Holdener, T. and Merigan, T.C. Intermittent, Alternating and Concurrent Regimens of Zidovudine and 2'3' dideoxycytidine in the LP-B415 Murine Induced Immunodeficiency Model. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 163:869-872, 1991. 412. McGowan, J., Merigan T.C. and Sherwin, S. Clinical Trials of Combination Therapy in Methodological Issues in AIDS Clinical Trials. Edited by S. Ellenberg and J. Kahn, in Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (Supplement 7) 3 S108-S119, 1991. 413. Holodniy, M., Kim, S., Katzenstein, D.K., Konrad, M., Groves, E. and Merigan, T.C. Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Gene Amplification by Heparin. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 89:676-679, 1991. 414. Davis, B.R., Marx, J.C., Johnson, C.E., Berry, J.M., Lyding, J., Zander, A., Merigan, T.C. and Schwartz, D.H. Absent or Rare Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection of Bone Marrow Stem/Progenitor Cells In Vivo. Journal of Virology, 65:1985-1990, 1991. 415. Mermin, J.H., Holodniy, M., Katzenstein, D.A., and Merigan, T.C. Detection of HIV DNA and RNA in Semen by the Polymerase Chain Reaction. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 164:769-772, 1991. 416. Rasmussen, L.E., Matkin, C, Spaete, R., Pachl, C., and Merigan, T.C. The Antibody Response to Human Cytomegalovirus Glycoprotein gB and gH After Natural Infection of Humans. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 164:835-842, 1991. 417. Merigan, T.C., Amato, D.A., Balsley, J., Power, M., Price, W.A., Benoit, S., Perez-Michael, A., Brownstein, A., Simon-Kramer, A., Brettler, D., Aledort, L., Ragni, M.V., Anders, W.A., Gill, J.C., Goldsmith, J., Stabler, S., Sanders, N., Gjerset, G., Lusher, J., and the NHF-ACTG 036 Study Group. Placebo-Controlled Trial to Evaluate Zidovudine in Treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Asymptomatic Patients with Hemophilia. Blood, 78:900-906, 1991. 38 418. Kundu, S.K. and Merigan, T.C. Inverse Relationship of CD8+ CD11+ Suppressor T Cells with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Specific Cellular Cytotoxicity and Natural Killer Cell Activity in HIV Infection. Immunology, 74:567-571, 1991. 419. Ho, R.J.Y, Chong, K.T., and Merigan, T.C. Antiviral Activity and Dose Optimum of Recombinant Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor on Herpes Simplex Genitalis in Guinea Pigs. Journal of Immunology, 146:3578-3582, 1991. 420. Rasmussen, L., Resta, S., and Merigan, T.C. Human Cytomegalovirus Glycoprotein-receptor Interactions. Transplantation Proceedings, 23:60-63, 1991. 421. Van Tiel, F., Rasmussen, L., and Merigan, T.C. Cytomegalovirus Specific Cell Mediated Immune Responses in Heart and Heart-Lung Transplant Recipients Are Not Predictive for Occurrence of Symptomatic CMV Disease or Tissue Rejection. Journal of Interferon Research, 11:221-229, 1991. 422. Holodniy, M., Katzenstein, D.A., Israelski, D.M., and Merigan, T.C. Reduction in Plasma Human Immunodeficiency Virus Ribonucleic Acid Following Dideoxynucleoside Therapy as Determined by the Polymerase Chain Reaction. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 88:1755-1759, 1991. 423. Merigan, T.C., Clark, G., Katzenstein, D.A., and Holodniy, M. Correlation Between Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Load, Stage of Disease and Dideoxy Drug Administration Using Quantitative RNA and DNA Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Viremia Measurements. In Viral Quantitation in HIV Infection, (Edited by J-M Andrieu, John Libbey Eurotext, Paris). 147152, 1991. 424. Clark, A.G.B., Holodniy, M., Schwartz, D.H., Katzenstein, D.A. and Merigan, T.C. Decrease in HIV Provirus in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells During Zidovudine and Human rIL-2 Administration. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, 5:52-59, 1992. 425. Katzenstein, D.A., Holodniy, M., Israelski, D.M., Sengupta, S., Mole, L.A., Bubp, J.L., and Merigan, T.C. Plasma Viremia in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: Relationship to Stage of Disease and Anti-viral Treatment. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, 5:107-112, 1992. 426. Holodniy, M., Winters, M.A., and Merigan, T.C. Detection and Quantification of Gene Amplification Products by a Nonisotopic Automated System. Biotechnology, 12:36, 38-39, 1992. 427. Kundu, S.K. and Merigan, T.C. CD8+ CD11+ Suppressor Cells in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Infected Asymptomatic Patients: Effect on HIV-Specific Cytotoxicity. Viral Immunology, 5:15-25, 1992. 428. Ho, R.J.Y., Burke R.L., and Merigan, T.C. Liposome-Formulated Interleukin-2 As An Adjuvant Of Recombinant HSV Glycoprotein gD For The Treatment Of Recurrent Genital HSV-2 In Guinea Pigs. Vaccines, 10:209-213, 1992. 429. -Interferon In a Mouse B-cell Lymphoma Involves DNA Methylation. Journal of Interferon Research, 12(2):131-137, 1992. 430. Winters, M.A., Holodniy, M., Katzenstein, D.A. and Merigan, T.C. Quantitative RNA and DNA Gene Amplification Can Rapidly Monitor HIV Infection and Antiviral Activity in Cell Cultures. PCR Methods and Applications, 1:257-262, 1992. 431. Merigan, T.C., Renlund, D.G., Keay, S., Bristow, M.R., Starnes, V., O'Connell, J.B., Resta, S., Dunn, D., Gamberg, P., Ratkovec, R.M., Richenbacher, W.E., Millar, R.C., DuMond, C., 39 DeAmond, B., Sullivan, V., Cheney, T., Buhles, W., and Stinson, E.B. A Randomized DoubleBlind Placebo Controlled Trial of Ganciclovir to Prevent Cytomegalovirus Illness in Heart Transplant Recipients. New England Journal of Medicine, 326:1182-1186, 1992. 432. Hollinger, F.B., Bremer, J.W., Myers, L.E., Gold, J.W.M., McQuay, L. and the NIH/NIAID/DAIDS/ACTG Virology Laboratories (Merigan, T.C. and Winter, M.A.). Standardization of sensitive Human Immunodeficiency Virus Coculture Procedures and Establishment of a Multicenter Quality Assurance Program for the AIDS Clinical Trials Group. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 30:1787-1704. 1992. 433. Kundu, S.K., and Merigan, T.C. Equivalent Recognition of HIV Proteins, Env, Gag and Pol, by CD4+ and CD8+ Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. AIDS, 6:643-649, 1992. 434. Kahn, J.O., Lagakos, S.W., Richman, D.D., Cross, A., Pettinelli, C., Liou, S.H., Brown, M., Volberding, P.A., Crumpacker C.S., Beall, G., Sacks, H.S., Merigan, T.C., Beltangady, M., Smaldone, L., Dolin, R., and the NIAID AIDS Clinical Trials Group. A Controlled Trial Comparing Continued Zidovudine with Didanosine in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. New England Journal of Medicine, 327:581-587, 1992. 435. Kundu, S., Katzenstein, D., Moses, L.E. and Merigan, T.C. Enhancement of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Specific CD4+ and CD8+ Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Activities in HIV-Infected Asymptomatic Patients Given Recombinant gp160 VAccine. Proceedings of National Academy Science (USA), 89:11204-11208, 1992. 436. Rettig, R.A., Earley L., and R.A. Merrill, (Editors) and IOM Committee. Food and Drug Administration Advisory Committees, National Academy Press, Washington D.C. 1992, pp. 1226. 437. Berger, A.R., Arezzo, J.C., Schaumburg, H.H., Skowron, G., Merigan, T.C., Bozzette, S., Richman, D., and Soo, W.J. 2',3'-Dideoxycytidine (ddC) Toxic Neuropathy: A Study of 52 Patients. Neurology, 43:358-362, 1993. 438. Mole, L., Israelski, D., Bubp, J., O'Hanley, P.D., Merigan, T.C. and Blaschke, T. Pharmacokinetics of Zidovudine Alone and In Combination with Oxazepam in the HIV Infected Patient. Journal of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, 6:56-60, 1993. 439. Kozal, M.J., Shafer, R.W., Winters, M.A., Katzenstein, D.A. and Merigan, T.C. A Mutation in HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Decline in CD4 Lymphocyte Numbers in Long Term Zidovudine Recipients. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 167:526-532, 1993. 440. Shafer, R.W., Kozal, M.J., Katzenstein, D.A., Lipil, W.H., Johnstone, I.F. and Merigan, T.C. Zidovudine Susceptibility Testing of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV) Clinical Isolates. Journal of Virologic Methods, 41:297-310, 1993. 441. Wood, R., Montoya, J.G., Kundu, S.K., Schwartz, D.H. and Merigan T.C. Safety and Efficacy of Polyethylene Glycol Modified Interleukin 2 and Zidovudine in HIV-1 Infection. A Phase I/II Study. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 167:519-525, 1993. 442. Wood, R., Dong, H., Katzenstein, D.A., and Merigan, T.C. Quantification and Comparison of HIV1 Proviral Load in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Isolated CD4+ T Lymphocytes. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 6:237-240, 1993. 443. Holodniy, M., Katzenstein, Winters, M., Montoya, J., Shafer, R., Kozal, M., Ragni, M., and Merigan, T.C. Measurement of HIV Virus Load and Genotypic Resistance by Gene Amplification in Asymptomatic Subjects Treated with Combination Therapy. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 6:366-369, 1993. 40 444. Hamed, K.A., Winters, M.A., Holodniy, M., Katzenstein, D.A. and Merigan, T.C. Detection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in Semen: Effects of Disease Stage and Nucleoside Therapy. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 167:798-802, 1993. 445. Skowron, G., Bozzette, S.A., Lim, L., Pettinelli, C.B., Schaumburg, H.H., Areaao, J., Fischl, M.A., Powderly, W.G., Gocke, D.J., Richman, D.D., Pottage, J.C., Antoniskis, D., McKinely, G.F., Hyslop, N.E., Ray, G., Simon, G., Reed, N., LoFaro, M.L., Uttamchandani, R.B., Gelb, L.D., Sperber, S.J., Murphy, R.L. Leedom, J.M., Grieco, M.H., Zachary, J., Hirsch, M.S., Spector, S.A., Bigley, J., Soo, W., and Merigan, T.C. Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial of Alternating and Intermittent Regimens of Zidovudine and Dideoxycytidine in Patients with AIDS or AIDS-Related Complex. Annals of Internal Medicine, 118:321-330, 1993. 446. Kozal, M.J. and Merigan, T.C. HIV Resistance to Dideoxynucleoside Inhibitors. Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice, 3:247-254, 1993. 447. Montoya, J., Wood, R., Katzenstein, D.A., Holodniy, M., and Merigan, T.C. Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell DNA Quantification for Diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Adults. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 31:2692-2696, 1993. 448. Winters, M. and Merigan, T.C. Continuous Presence of CD4-PE40 is Required for Antiviral Activity Against Single-Passage HIV Isolates and Infected Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 9:1091-1096, 1993. 449. Winters, M.A., Tan, L.B., Katzenstein, D.A. and Merigan, T.C. Biological Variation and Quality Control of Plasma RNA Quantitation by RT PCR. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 31:2960-2966, 1993. 450. Merigan, T.C. Refining Markers of Disease Progression. HIV: Advances in Research and Therapy. 3:11-14, 1993. 451. Merigan, T.C. Combination Anti-HIV Therapy: Questions and Answers. In: Combination Therapies 2. A.L. Goldstein and E. Garaci (eds). Plenum Press, New York, 1993. Pp.225-228. 452. Katzenstein, D.A., Winters, M., Bubp, J., Israelski, D., Winger, E., and Merigan, T.C. Quantitation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus by Culture and the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in Response to 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (ddI) After Long-Term 3'-azido-3'-Deoxythymidine (AZT) Therapy. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 169:416-419, 1994. 453. Holodniy, M., Mole, L., Winters, M., and Merigan, T.C. Diurnal and Short Term Stability of HIV Virus Load as Measured by Gene Amplification. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 7:363-368, 1994. 454. Kozal, M. and Merigan, T.C. Therapy of HIV-1 Infections. Current Science, 7:72-81, 1994. 455. Shafer, R.W., Kozal, M.J., Winters, M.A., Iversen, A.K.N., Katzenstein, D.A., Ragni, M.V., Meyer, III, W.A., Gupta, P., Rasheed, S., Coombs, R., Katzman, M., Fiscus, S., and Merigan, T.C. Combination Therapy with Zidovudine and Didanosine Selects for Drug-Resistant HIV-1 Strains with Unique Patterns of Pol Gene Mutations. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 169:722-729, 1994. 456. Kozal, M.J., Shafer, R.W., Winters, M.A., Katzenstein, D.A., Aguniga, E., Halpern, J., and Merigan, T.C. HIV-Syncytium-inducing Phenotype, Virus Burden, Codon 215 Reverse transcriptase Mutation and CD4 Cell Decline in Zidovudine Treated Patients. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. 7:832-838, 1994. 457. 41 Merigan, T.C. and Kundu, S.K. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Envelope Glycoproteins. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 7:S14-S20, 1994. 458. Kozal, M.J., Kroodsma, K., Winters, M.A., Shafer, R.W., Efron, B., Katzenstein, D.A. and Merigan, T.C. Didanosine Resistance in HIV-Infected Patients Switched From Zidovudine to Didanosine Monotherapy. Annals of Internal Medicine, 121:263-268, 1994. 459. Weber, J. and Merigan, T.C. Clinical Treatment: Overview and Introduction. AIDS.8:S237-S238 1994. 460. Ho, R.J., Burk, R.L., Merigan, T.C. Disposition of Antigen Presenting Liposomes in vivo: Effect on prsentiation of Herpes Simplex Virus Antigen rgD. Vaccine, 12:235-242, 1994. 461. Ramachandran, R.V., Katzenstein, D.A., Wood, R., Batts, D.H. and Merigan, T.C. Failure of Short Term CD4-PE40 Infusions to Reduce Viral Load in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infected Individuals. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 170:1009-1013, 1994. 462. Ramachandran, R.V., Katzenstein, D.A., and Merigan, T.C. Long Term Effects on CD4 Count in HIV Infected Patients treated with IL-2 Plus Zidovudine (Letter). Journal of Infectious Diseases, 170:1044-1045, 1994. 463. Rasmussen, L.E., Morris, S., Wolitz, R., Dowling, A., Fessell, J., Holodniy, M. and Merigan, T.C. Deficiency In Antibody Response To Human Cytomegalovirus gpUL75 (gH) In Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infected Patients At Risk For Cytomegalovirus Retinitis. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 170:673-677, 1994. 464. Liu, M., Fahey, J.L., Aziz, N., Cumberland W., Skowron, G., Merigan, T.C. and the ACTG 047 Research Group. Zidovudine and Dideoxycytidine Differ in Their Effects on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Induced Pathologic Activation of the Immune System. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 170:1165-1171, 1994. 465. Kroodsma, K., Kozal, M.J., Hamed, K.A., Winters, M.A. and Merigan, T.C. Detection of Drugresistant Mutations in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) pol gene: Differences in Semen and Blood HIV-1 RNA and Proviral DNA. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 170:1292-1295, 1994. 466. Kundu, S.K. and Merigan, T.C. Relationship of HIV-1 Provirus Load, CD8+ CD11+ T Cells and HIV-1 Envelope-Specific Cytotoxic T lymphocytes in HIV-Infected Asymptomatic Patients. Immunology. 83:81-85, 1994. 467. Rasmussen, L., Morris, S., Zipeto, D., Fessel, J., Wolitz, R., Dowling, A., and Merigan, T.C. Quantitation of Human Cytomeglaovirus DNA from Peripheral Blood Cells of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infected Patients Could Predict Cytomegalovirus Retinitis. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 171:177-182, 1995. 468. Rasmussen, L., Morris, S., Hamed, K., and Merigan, T.C. Human Cytomegalovirus DNA is Present in CD45+ Cells in Semen from Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infected Patients. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 171:432-436, 1995. 469. Shafer, R.W., Aquiniga, E., and Merigan, T.C. Quantitative Analysis of Syncytium-Inducing and Non-Syncytium-Inducing Virus in Patients Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1). Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 33:211-214, 1995. 470. Ragni, MV, Amato, D.A., LoFaro, M.L., DeGruttola, V., van der Horst, C., Eyster, M.E., Kessler, C.M., Gjerset, G.F., Ho, M., Parenti, D.M., Dafni, U., Rasheed, S., Korvick, J.A., Merigan, T.C. 42 and the AIDS Clinical Trials group. Randomized Study of Didanosine Monotherapy and Combination Therapy with Zidovudine in Hemophilic and Non-Hemophilic Subjects with Asymptomatic HIV-1 Infection. Blood. 85:2337-2346, 1995. 471. Shafer, R.W. and Merigan, T.C. Editorial: New Virologic Tools for the Design and Analysis of Clinical Trials. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 171:1325-1328, 1995. 472. Shafer, R.W., Merigan, T.C. HIV Virology for Clinical Trials. AIDS 1995: A Year in Review. AIDS, 90:S193-S202, 1995. 473. Weber, J. and Merigan, T.C. Clinical Treatment: Overview and Introduction. AIDS, 9:S181S182, 1995. 474. Shafer R.W., Iverson A.K.N., Winters M.A., Aguiniga, E., Katzenstein D.A., Merigan, T.C. and the ACTG 143 Virology Team. Drug Resistance and Heterogeneous Long-term Virologic Responses of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Subjects to Zidovudine and Didanosine Combination Therapy. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 172:70-78, 1995. 475. Merigan, T.C. Individualization of Therapy Using Viral Markers. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology, 10:[Suppl]: 541-546, 1995. 476. Dupuis, M., Kundu, S.K. and Merigan, T.C. Characterization of Conserved HLA-A*0201restricted Cytotoxic T Cell Epitopes in Conserved Regions of the human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gp160 Protein. Journal of Immunology, 155:2232-2239, 1995. 477. Kozal, M.J., Shafer, R.W., Winters, M.W., Katzenstein, D.A. and Merigan, T.C. Clarification of Methods Reverse Transcriptase Immunodeficiency Virus RNA (Letter). Journal of Infectious Diseases, 171:1072, 1995. 478. Iversen, A.K.N., Shpaer, E.G., Rodrigo, A.G., Hirsch, M.S., Walker, B.D., Sheppard, H.W., Merigan, T.C and Mullins, J.I. Persistence of Attenuated Rev Genes in an HIV-1 Infected Asymptomatic Individual. Journal of Virology, 69:5743-5753, 1995. 479. Zipeto, D., Morris, S., Hong, C., Dowling, A., Wolitz, R., Merigan, T.C., and Rasmussen, L. Human Cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA in Plasma Reflects Quanity of CMV DNA Present in White Blood Cells. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 33:2607-2611, 1995 480. Merigan, T.C and R.T. Schooley. Introduction and Consensus Statement for Symposium on Surrogate Markers of HIV. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology, 10(Suppl.2) pgs V and S114-117, 1995. 481. Wagner, J.A., Ross, H., Hunt, S., Gamberg, P., Valentine, H., Merigan, T.C and Stinson, E.B. Prophylactic Ganciclovir Treatment Reduces Fungal as well as Cytomegalovirus Infections After Heart Transplantation. Transplantation, 60:1475-1477, 1995. 482. Tierney, M, Pottage, J., Kessler, H., Fischl, M., Richman, D., Merigan, T.C., Powderly, W., Pettinnelli, C., Smith, S., Karim, A., Sherman, J., Hirsch, M. The Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of N Butyl Deoxynojirimycin in Patients with Advanced HIV Disease. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology, 10:549-553, 1995. 483. Collier, A.C., Coombs, R.W., Katzenstein, D.A., Holodniy, M., Gibson, J., Mordenti, J., Izu, A.E., Duliege, A.M., Ammann, A.J., Merigan, T.C. and Corey, L. Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Antiviral Response of CD4-Immunoglobulin G by Intravenous Bolus in AIDS and AIDS-Related Complex. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology, 10:150-156, 1995. 43 484. Merigan, T.C. A Quarter Century of Systemic Antivirals. (Editorial) New England Journal of Medicine, 333:1704-1705, 1995. 485. Demeter, L.M., Shafer, R.W., Para, M., Morse, G., Freimuth, W., Merigan, T.C., Reichman, R.C. Delavirdine susceptibility of HIV-1 isolates obtained from patients receiving delavirdine monotherapy. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology, 10:S11, 1995. 486. Dwyer, D.E., Cunningham, A.L., Adelstein, S. and Merigan, T.C. The Role of the Laboratory in Guiding Antiretroviral Therapy. Medical Journal of Australia, 164:301-303, 1996. 487. Merigan, T.C., Hirsch, R.L., Fisher, A.C., Meyerson, L.A., Goldstein, G., and Winters, M.A. The Prognostic Significance of Serum Viral Load, Codon 215 Reverse Transcriptase Mutation and CD4+ T-Cells on Progression of HIV Disease in a Double-Blind Study of Thymopentin in Asymptomatic HIV Infected Subjects. AIDS, 10:159-166, 1996. 488. Iversen, A.K.N, Shafer, S., Wehrly, K., Winters, M.A., Mullins, J.I., Chesebro, B., and Merigan, T.C. Multidrug-Resistant HIV-1 Strains Resulting from Combination Antiretroviral Therapy. Journal of Virology, 70:1086-90, 1996. 489. Ramachandran, R., Katzenstein, D.A., Winters, M.A., Kundu, S.K. and Merigan, T.C. Polyethylene Glycol-Modified Interleukin-2 and Thymosin Alpha I in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type I Infection. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 173:1005-1008, 1996. 490. Karp, B.I., Yang, J.C., Khorsand, M., Wood, R., and Merigan, T.C. Multiple Cerebral Lesions Complicating Therapy with Interleukin-2. Neurology, 47(2):417-424, 1996. 491. Kundu, S.K. and Merigan, T.C. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: Potential Therapies for Immunologic Reconstitution. In: Current Therapy in Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Fifth Edition. (Edited by L.M. Lichtenstein and A.S. Fauci) Mosby, St. Louis, MO. 1996, pp 369372. 492. Shafer, R.W, Winters, M.A., Jellinger, R.H. and Merigan, T.C. Zidovudine Resistance Reverse Transcriptase Mutation During Didanosine Monotherapy. (Letter) Journal of Infectious Diseases, 174:448-449, 1996. 493. Shafer, R.W. and Merigan, T.C. Combination Therapy of HIV-1 Infection with Nucleoside Analog Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors. chapter 5 In: Anti-HIV Nucleosides: Past, Present and Future. Hiroaki Mitsuya, (Editor). R.G. Landes Company, Austin, Texas, 1996. pp. 119-155. 494. Cooper, D. and Merigan. T.C. Clinical Treatment: Overview and Introduction. AIDS, 10:S133S134, 1996. 495. Valentine, F., Kundu, S., Haslett, P.A.J., Katzenstein, D., Beckett, L., Spino, C., Borucki, M., Vasquez, M., Smith, G., Korvick, J., Kagan, J. and Merigan, T.C. Randomized, PlaceboControlled Study at the Immunogenicity of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Individuals with > 400 CD4 T Lymphocytes/mm3 [ACTG 137]. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 173:13361346, 1996. 496. Schapiro, J.M., Winters, M.A., Stewart, F., Efron, B., Norris, J., Kozal, M.J. and Merigan, T.C. The Effect of High Dose Saquinavir on Viral Load and CD4+ T-Cell Counts in HIV-Infected Patients. Annals of Internal Medicine, 124:1039-1050, 1996. 497. Collier, A.C., Coombs, R.W., Schoenfeld, D.A., Bassett, R.L., Timpone, J., Baruch, A., Jones, M., Facey, K., Whitacre, C., McAuliffe, V.J., Friedman, H.M., Merigan, T.C., Reichman, R.C., Hooper, 44 C., Corey, L., and the AIDS Clinical Trials Group. Combination Therapy with Saquinavir, Zidovudine, and Zalcitabine. New England Journal of Medicine, 334:1011-1017, 1996. 498. Kozal, M.J., Shah, N., Shen, N., Yang, R., Fucini, R., Merigan, T.C., Richman, D.D., Morris, D., Hubbell, E., Chee, M., and Gingeras, T.R. Extensive Polymorphisms Observed in HIV-1 Clade B Protease Gene Using High Density Oligonucleotide Arrays: Implications for Therapy. Nature Medicine, 2:753-9, 1996. 499. Holodniy, M., Katzenstein, D., Mole, L., Winters, M. and Merigan, T.C. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reverse Transcription Codon 215 Mutations Diminish Virologic Response to DidanosineZidovudine Therapy in Subjects with Non-Syncytium-Inducing Phenotype. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 174: 854-857, 1996. 500. Hammer, S.M., Katzenstein, D.A., Hughes, M., Gundacker, H., Blaschke, T., Schooley, R.T., Simpson, D., Haubrich, R., Henry, W.J., Lederman, M., Phair, J.P., McLaren, C., Rooney, J., Salgo, M., Nui, M., Hirsch, M.S., and Merigan, T.C. Nucleoside Monotherapy vs. Combination Therapy in HIV Infected Adults: A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial in Persons with CD4 Cell Counts Between 200 and 500 Per Cubic Millimeter. New England Journal of Medicine, 335:1081-1089, 1996. 501. Katzenstein, D.A., Hammer, S.M., Hughes, M., Gundacker, H., Jackson, B., Fiscus, S., Rasheed, S., Elbeik, T., Reichman, R., Japour, A., Merigan, T.C., and Hirsch, M.S. Virologic and Immunologic Markers and Clinical Outcomes After Nucleoside Therapy in Adults With 200 to 500 CD4 Cells Per Cubic Millimeter. NIAID Sponsored AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study 175, A Virology Substudy. New England Journal of Medicine, 335:1091-1098 1996. 502. Pinching, A.J., and Merigan, T.C. Introduction, Translating Clinical Trials to Clinical Practice. AIDS, 10:(Supplement 4):S1, 1996. 503. Shafer, R.W., Winters, M.A., Iversen, A.K.N. and Merigan, T.C. Genotypic and Phenotypic Changes During Culture of a Multinucleoside-Resistant Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Strain in the Presence and Absence of Additional Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 40(12):2887-2890, 1996. 504. Vanhove, G.F., Schapiro, J.M., Winters, M.A., Merigan, T.C. and Blaschke, T.F. Compliance and Drug Failure in Protease Inhibitor Monotherapy. (Letter) Journal of the American Medical Association, 276:1955-1956, 1996. 505. Rasmussen, L., Hong, C., Zipeto, D., Morris, S., Sherman, D., Chou, S., Miner, R., Drew. W.A., Wolitz, R., Dowling, A., Warford, A., and Merigan, T.C. Cytomegalovirus gB Genotype Distribution Differs in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infected Patients and Immunocompromised Allograft Recipients. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 175:179-184, 1996. 506. Winters, M.A., Shafer, R.W., Jellinger, R.A., Mamtora, G., Gingeras, T., Merigan, T.C., and the AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 143 Virology Group. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase Genotype and Drug Susceptibility Changes in Infected Individuals Receiving Dideoxyinosine Monotherapy for 1 to 2 Years. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 41:757-762, 1997. 507 Shafer, R.W., Levee, D.J., Winters, M.A., Richmond, K.L., Huang, D. and Merigan, T.C. Comparison of !Iamp HCV Kit Spin Columns, Silica Beads, and Phenol-Chloroform for Recovering Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ! RNA from Plasma. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 35:520-522, 1997. 508. Dupuis, M., Peshwa, M.V., Benike, C., Kundu, SK., Engleman, E.G., van Schooten, W., and Merigan, T.C. Allogeneic Dendritic Cell Induction of HIV Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte 45 Responses From T Cells of HIV-1 Infected and Uninfected Individuals. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses. 13:33-39, 1997. 509.. Jellinger, R.M., Shafer, R.W. and Merigan, T.C. A Novel Approach to Assessing the Drug Susceptibility and Replication of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolates. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 171:561-566, 1997. 510. Shafer, R.W., Levee, D.J., Winters, M.A., Richmond, K.L., Huang, D. and Merigan, T.C. Comparison of QIAamp HCV Kit Spin Columns, Silica Beads, and Phenol-Chloroform for Recovering Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA from Plasma. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 35:520-522, 1997. 511. Shafer, R.W., Eisen, J., Merigan, T.C. and Katzenstein, D.A. Sequence and Drug Susceptibility of Subtype C Reverse Transcriptase from Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Seroconverters in Zimbabwe. Journal of Virology, 71:5441-5448, 1997. 512. Rasmussen, L., Zipeto, D., Wolitz, R.A., Dowling, A., Efron, B., and Merigan, T.C. Risk for Retinitis in Patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Can Be Assessed by Quantitation of Threshold Levels of Cytomegalovirus DNA Burden in Blood. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 176:1146-1155, 1997. 513. Kundu, S.K., Katzenstein, D., Valentine, F.T., Spino C., Efron, B., and Merigan, T.C. Effect of Therapeutic Immunization with r-gp 160 HIV-1 Vaccine on HIV-1 Proviral DNA and Plasma RNA: Relationship to Cellular Immune Response. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, 15:269-274, 1997. 514. Kundu, S.K. and Merigan, T.C. Heterogenicity of Cytokines in HIV Infection. Immunology, 91:234-239, 1997. 515. Schapiro, J.M., Winters, M.A., Vierra, M., Crawford, S. and Merigan, T.C. Lymph Node Human Immunodeficiency Virus RNA Levels and Resistance Mutations in Patients Receiving High-Dose Saquinavir. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 177:477-480, 1998. 516. Rey, D., Hughes, M., Pi, J-T., Winters, M., Merigan, T.C., and Katzenstein, D.A. for the AIDS Clinical trials Group Study 175 Virology Team. HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Codon 215 Mutation in Plasma RNA: Immunologic and Virologic Responses to Zidovudine. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology, 17:203-208, 1998. 517. Peshwa, M.V., Benike, C., Dupuis, M., Kundu, S.K., Engleman, E.G., Merigan, T.C. and van Schooten. W.C.A. Generation of Primary Peptide-Specific CD8+ Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes In Vitro Using Allogeneic Dendritic Cells. Cell Transplantation, 7:1-9, 1998. 518. Zipeto, D., Hong, C., Gerna, G., Zavattoni, M., Katzenstein, D.A., Merigan, T.C. and Rasmussen, L. Demographic and Geographic Differences in the Frequency of Human Cytomaegalovirus gB Genotypes 1-4 in AIDS Patients. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 14:533-536, 1998. 519. Kundu, S.K., Engleman, E., Benike, C., Shaperd, M.H., Dupuis, M., van Schooten, W.C.A., Eibl, M., and Merigan, T.C. A Pilot clinical Trial of HIV Antigen Pulsed Allogeneic and Autologous Dendritic Cell Therapy in HIV-Infected Patients. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 14:551-560, 1998 . 520. 521. Gray, C.M., Schapiro, J.M., Winters, M.A. and Merigan, T.C. Changes in CD4+ and CD8+ T Cell Subsets in Response to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV Type 1-Infected patients with Prior Protease Inhibitor Experience. AIDS Research and human Retroviruses, 14:561-569, 1998. Winters, M.A., Schapiro, J.M., Lawrence, J., and Merigan, T.C. Human Immunodeficiency Virus 46 Type 1 Protease Genotypes and In Vitro Protease Inhibitor Susceptibilities of Isolates from Individuals Who Were Switched to Other Protease Inhibitors after Long-Term Saquinavir Treatment. Journal of Virology, 72:5303-5306, 1998. 522. Shafer, R.W., Winters, M.A., Palmer, S. and Merigan, T.C. Mulltiple Concurrent Reverse Transcriptase and Protease Mutations and Multidrug Resistance of HIV-1 Isolates from Heavily Treated Patients. Annals of Internal Medicine, 128:906-910, 1998. 523. Winters, M.A., Coolley, K.L., Girard, Y.A., Levee, D.J., Hamdan, H., Shafer, R.W., Katzenstein, D.A. and Merigan, T.C. A 6-basepair Insert in the Reverse Transcriptase Gene of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Confers Resistance to Multiple Nucleoside Inhibitors. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 102:1769-1775, 1998. 524. Kundu, S.K., Dupuis, M., Sette, A., Celis, E., Dorner, F., Eibl, M., and Merigan, T.C. Role of Preimmunization Virus Sequences in Cellular Immunity in HIV-infected Patients During HIV-1 MN rgp 160 Immunization. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 41:1669-1678, 1998. 525. Merigan, T.C. Use of PCR to Measure HIV Viral Changes in Drug Resistance Genes in Genital Fluids. In: Journal of Reproductive Immunology (Edited by Dr. Baccio Baccetti), 41:177-185, 1998.. 526. Gray, C.M, Lawrence, J., Schapiro, J.M., Altman, J.D., Winters, M.A., Crompton, M., Loi, M., Kundu, S.K., Davis, M.M., and Merigan, T.C. Frequency of Class I HLA-Restricted Anti-HIV CD8+ T Cells in Individuals Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART). Journal of Immunology, 162:1780-1789, 1999. 527. Schapiro, J.M., Winters, M.A., Lawrence, J. and Merigan, T.C. Clinical Cross Resistance Between the HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Saquinavir and Indinavir and Correlations with Genotypic Mutations. AIDS, 13:359-365, 1999. 528. Schapiro, J.D., Lawrence, J., Speck, R., Winters, M.A., Efron, B., Coombs, R.W., Collier, A.C. and Merigan, T.C. Resistance Mutations to Zidovudine and Saquinavir in Patients Receiving Zidovudine Plus Saquinavir or Zidovudine and Zalcitabine Plus Saquinavir in ACTG 229. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 179:249-253, 1999. 529. Kleim, J.P., Winters, M., Dunkler, A., Suarez, J.R., Rieb, G., Winkler, I., Balzarini, J., Oette, D., Merigan, T.C. and the HBY 097-2001 Study Group. Antiviral Activity of the human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Specific Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor HBY 097 Alone and in Combination with Zidovudine in a Phase II Study. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 179:709-713,, 1999. 530. Palmer, S., Shafer, R.W., and Merigan, T.C. Highly Drug-Resistant Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Clinical Isolates are Cross-Resistant to Many Antiretroviral Compounds in Current Clinical Development. AIDS, 13:661-667, 1999. 531. Lawrence, J, Schapiro, J, Winters, M, Montoya, J, Zolopa, A, Montoya, J, Zolopa, A, Pesano, R, Efron, B, Winslow, D, and Merigan, T.C. Clinical Resistance Patterns and Responses to Two sequential Protease Inhibitor Regimens in Saquinavir and Reverse Transcriptase InhibitorExperienced Persons. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 179:1256-1264, 1999. 532. HIV Trial Lists’ Collaborative Group [Merigan, T.C. Member]. Zidovudine, Didanosine, and Zalcitabine in the Treatment of HIV Infection: Meta-Analyses of the Randomised Evidence. The Lancet, 353:2014-2025, 1999. 533. Valantine, H.A., Gao, S-Z, Menon S.G., Renlund, D.G., Hunt, S.A., Oyer, P., Stinson, E.B., Brown B.W., Merigan, T.C. and Schroeder, J.S. Impact of Prophylactic Immediate Postransplant 47 Ganciclovir on Development of Transplant Atherosclerosis. A Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study. Circulation., 100:61-66, 1999. 534. Palmer, S., Shafer, R.W., Merigan, T.C. Hydroxyurea Potentiates the Antiviral Activity of Didanosine and Adefovir Against both Wildtype and Drug-Resistant HIV-1 Isolates. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 43:2046-2050, 1999. 535. Katzenstein, D.A., Kundu, S, Spritzler, J, Smoller, B.R., Haszlett, P, Valentine, F, Merigan, T.C. Delayed-Type-Hypersensitivity (DTH) to Recombinant human Immunodeficiency Virus Envelope Glycoprotein (rgp160) After Immunization with Homologous Antigen. Jounral of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology, 22:341-347, 1999. 536. Zolopa, A.R., Shafer, R.W., Warford, A., Montoya J.G., Hsu, P., Katzenstein, D., Merigan, T.C. and Efron, B. HIV-1 Genotypic Resistance Patterns Predict Response to Saquinavir-Rionavir Therapy in Patients in Whom Previous Protease Inhibitor Therapy Had Failed. Annals of Internal Medicine, 131:813-821, 1999. . 537. Merigan, T.C. Viral Resistance Testing Practical Issues and Future Opportunities - Interview with Thomas C. Merigan by John S. James. AIDS Treatment News, (316):1-6, 1999. 538. Baxter, J.D., Mayers, D.L., Wentworth, D.N., Neaton, J.D., Hoover, M.L., Winters, M., Mannheimer, S., Thompson, M., Abrams, D.I., Brizz, B.J., Ioannidis, J.P.A., Merigan, T.C., and the CPCRA 046 Study Team for the Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS (CPCRA). A Randomized Study of Antiretroviral Management Based on Plasma Genotypic Antiretroviral Resistance Testing in Patients Failing Therapy. AIDS, 14:F83-F93, 2000. 539. Shapero, M.H., Kundu, S.K., Engleman, E., Laus, R., van Schooten, Wim C.A. and Merigan, T.C. In Vivo Persistence of Donor Cells Following Adoptive Transfer of Allogeneic Dendritic Cells in HIV-Infected Patients. Cell Transplantation, 9:307-317, 2000. 540. Schooley, R.T., Spino, C., Kuritzkes, D., Walker, B.D., Valentine, F.A., Hirsch, M.S., Cooney, E., Friedland, G., Kundu, S., Merigan, T.C., McElrath, M.J., Collier, A., Plaeger, S., Mitsuyasu, R., Kahn, J., Haslett, P., Uherova, P., deGruttola, V., Chiu, S., Zhang, B., Jones, G., Bell, D., Ketter, N., Twadell, T., Chernoff, D., Rosandich, M., and the ACTG 209 and 214 Study Teams. Two Double Blinded Randomized Comparative Trials of Four HIV-1 Envelope Vaccines in HIV-1 Infected Individuals Across a Spectrum of Disease Severity (ACTG 209 and 214). Journal of Infectious Diseases, 182:1357-64, 2000. 541. Gray, C.M., Lawrence, J., Ranheim, E.A., Vierra, M., Zupancic, M., Winters, M., Altman, J., Montoya, J., Zolopa, A., Schapiro, J., Haase, A.T., and Merigan, T.C. Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Results in HIV Type 1 Suppression in Lymph Nodes, Increased Pools of Naive T Cells, Decreased Pools of Activated T Cells, and Diminished Frequencies of Peripheral Activated HIV Type 1-Specific CD8+ T cells. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 16:1357-1369, 2000. 542. Winters, M.A., Coolley, K.L., Cheng, P., Girard, Y.A., Hamdan, H., Kovari, L.C. and Merigan, T.C. Genotypic, Phenotypic, and Modeling Studies of a Deletion in the Beta 3-beta 4 Region of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase Gene That Is Associated with Resistance to Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors. Journal of Virology, 74:10707-10713, 2000. 543. Winters, M.A., Baxter, J.D., Mayers, D.L., Wentworth, D.N., Hoover, M.L., Neaton, J.D. and Merigan, T.C. for the Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS. Frequency of Antiretroviral Drug Resistance Mutations in HIV-1 Strains from Patients Failing Triple Drug Regimens. Antiviral Therapy, 5:57-63, 2000. 544. Kim, E.Y., Vrang, L., Oberg, B., and Merigan, T.C. Anti-HIV Type 1 Activity of 3'-Fluoro-3'- 48 deoxythymidine for Several Different Multidrug-Resistant Mutants. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 17:401-407, 2001. 545. Winters, M.A. and Merigan, T.C. Variants Other Than Aspartic Acid at Codon 69 of the HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Gene Affect Susceptibility to Nucleoside Analogs. Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy, 45:2276-2270, 2001. 546. Shafer, R.W., Hertogs, K., Zolopa, A.R., Warford, A., Bloor, S., Betts, B.J., Merigan, T.C., Harrigan, R., Larder, B.A. High Degree of Interlaboratory Reproducibility of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Protease and Reverse Transcriptase Sequencing of Plasma Samples from Heavily Treated Patients. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 4:1522-1529, 2001. 547. Kundu-Raychaudhuri, S., Sevin, A., Kilgo, P., Noi, M., Pollard, R.B. and Merigan, T.C. Effect of Therapeutic Immunization with HIV Type I Recombinant Glycoprotein 160 ImmunoAG Vaccine in H IV-Infected Individuals with CD4+ T Cell Counts of >500 and 200-400 mm3. [AIDS Clinical Triials Group Study 246/946] AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 17:1371-1378, 2001. 548. Kim, E-Y, Winters, M., Kagan, R.M. and Merigan, T.C. Functional Correlates of Insertion Mutations in the Protease Gene of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolates from Patients. Journal of Virology, 75:11227-11233, 2001. 549. Gray, CM. And Merigan, T.C. The Use of Peptide/MHC Tetramers to Visualize, Track and Characterize Class 1-restricted Anti-HIV Cell Responses, In: Cellular Aspects of HIV Infection (Eds: Andrea Cossarizza and David Kaplan), Cellular Aspects of HIV Infection, Edited by Andrea Cossarinzzy and David Kaplan, John Wiley & Sons, New York, pgs 315-332,2001. 550. Baxter, J.D., Merigan, T.C., Wentworth, D.N., Neaton, J.D., Hoover, M.L., Hoetelmans, R.M.W., Piscitelli, S.C., Verbiest, W.H.A., Mayers, D.L. and the CPCRA 046 Study Team for the Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS (CPCRA). Both Baseline HIV-1 Drug Resistance and Antiretroviral Drug Levels Are Associated With Short Term Virologic Responses to Salvage Therapy. AIDS, 16:1131-1138, 2002. 551. Qari, S.H., Winters, M.A., Vandamme, A-M, Merigan, T.C. and Heneine, W. A Rapid Phenotypic Assay for Detecting Multiple Nucleoside Analog Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor-Resistant Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in Plasma. Antiviral Therapy, 7:131-139, 2002. 551. Lobato, R., Kim, E-Y, Kagan, R.M. and Merigan, T.C. Genotypic and Phenotypic Analysis of Novel 15-Base Insertion Occurring Between Codons 69 and 70 of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 14:733-736, 2002. 552. Vickrey, J.F., Logsdon, B.C., Proteasa, G., Palmer, S., Winters, M.A., Merigan, T.C. and Kovari, L.C. HIV-1 Protease Variants From 100-Fold Drug Resistant Clinical Isolates: Expression, Purification and Crystallization. Protein, Expression and Purification. 28:(1):165-172, 2003. Robbins, G.K., DeGruttola, V., Shafer, R.W., Smeaton, L.M., Snyder, S.W., Pettinelli, C., Dube, M.P., Fischl, M.A., Pollard, R.B., Delapenya, R., Gedeon, L., van der Horst, C., Murphy, R.L., Becker, M.I., D’Aquila, R.T., Vella, S., Merigan, T.C., Hirsch, M.S. for the ACTG 384 Team. Comparison of Sequential Three Drug Regimens for Initial HIV-1 Therapy. New England Journal of Medicine, 349:24:2293-2303, 2003. 553. 554. Shafer, R.W., Smeaton, L.M., Robbins, G.K., DeGruttola, V., Snyder, S.W., D’Aquila, R.T., Johnson, V.A., Morse, G.D., Nokta, M.A., Martinez, A.I., Kaul, P., Haubrich, R., Swingle, M., McCarty, S.D., Vella, S., Hirsch, M.S., Merigan, T.C. for the ACTG 384 Team. Comparison of Four-Drug and Sequential Three-Drug Regimens for Initial HIV-1 Therapy. New England Journal of Medicine, 349:24:2304-2315, 2003. 555. Shiramizu, B., Theodore, D., Bassett, R., Coel, M., Sherman, K.E., Glesby, M.J., Chow, D., 49 Alston, B., Colquhoun, D., Merigan, T.C., Reichman, R.C., Berggren, R., Burning, W.J., Brobst, S., Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group 5096 Term. Correlation of Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Parameters as a Noninvasive Alternative to Liver Biopsies in Assessing Liver Involvement in the Setting of HIV and Hepatitis C Virus Coinfection: A Multicenter Trial of the Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. 33(3):329-335, 2003. 556. Jacobson, J.M., Lederman, M.M., Spritzler, J., Valdez, H., Tebas, P., Skowron, G., Want, R., Jackson, J.B., Fox, L., Landry, A., Gilbert, M.J., O’Neil, D., Bancroft, L., Al-Harthi, L., Jackson, M.A., Merigan, T.C., Jr., Glesby, J.M. and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases AIDS Clinical Trials Group. Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Induces Modest Increases in Plasma Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Type 1 RNA Levels and CD4+ Lymphocyte Counts in Patients with Uncontrolled HIV Infections. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 188: 12:1804-1814, 2003. 557. Eron, J.J., Gulick, R.M., Bartlett, J.A., Merigan, T.C., Arduino, R., Kilby, J.M., Vangco, B., Diers, A., Drobnes, C., DeMasi, R., Greenberg, M., Melby, T. Raskino, C., Rusnak, P., Zhang, Y., Spence, R., and Miralles, G.D. Short-Term Safety and Antiretroviral Activity of T-1249, A Second-Generation Fusion Inhibitor of HIV. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 189:1075-1083, 2004. 558. Logsdon, B.C., Vickrey, J.F., Martin, P., Proteasa,. G., Koepke, J.I., Terlecky, S.R., Wawrzak, A., Winters, M.A., Merigan, T.C., and Kovari, L.C. Crystal Structures of a Multidrug-Resistant HIV-1 Protease Reveal an Expanded active Site Cavity. Journal of Virology. 78: 6:3123-3132, 2004. 559. Kagan, R., Winters, M., Merigan, T.C. and Heseltine, P. HIV-1 Genotypic Resistance in a clinical Database Correlates with ARV Utilization. AIDS and Human Retroviruses, 20:1-9, 2004. 560. Al Dhahry, S.H.S., Scrimgeour, E.M., Al Suwaid, A.R., Al Lawati, M. R.M.Y., El Khatim, H.S., Al Kobaisi, M.F., and Merigan, T.C. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection in Oman. Antiretroviral Therapy and Frequencies of Drug Resistance Mutations. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 20: 1166-1172, 2004. 562. Kagen, R.M., Merigan, T.C., Winters M.A. and Hesletine. P.N.R. Increasing Prevalence of K65R Mutations Correlates with Tenofovir Utilization. Antiviral Therapy, 563. Johnston, E., Winters, M.A., Rhee, S.-Y., Merigan, T.C., Schiffler, C.A., and Shafer, R.W. Association of a novel Human Immunodeficiency Virus Types 1 Protease inhibitor Substrate Cleft Mutation,L23I,with Protease Inhibitor Therapy and In Vitro Drug Resistance. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 48:4864-4868, 2004. 564. Winters, M.A., Kagan R.M., Kovari L., Heseltine P.N.R., Merigan T.C. Rare one and two amino acid inserts adjacent to codon 103 of the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) affect susceptibility to non-nucleoside RT inhibitors. Antiretroviral Therapy 10: 363-366, 2005. 565. Winters, M.A., Kagan R.M., Heseltine P.N.R., Merigan T.C. A New 6-Base Pair Insertion Near codon 70 of the HIV-1 Protease Gene. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 21:311-313, 2005. 566. Winters, M.A., and Merigan T.C., Insertions in HIV-1 Protease and Reverse Transcriptase Genes: clinical Impact and Molecular Mechanisms. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 49:7:25752582, 2005. 567. Haas, D.W., Smeaton, L.M., Shafer, R.W., Robbins, G.K., Morse, G.D., Labbe, L., Wilkinson, G.R., Clifford, D., D’Aquila, R.T., DeGruttola, V., Pllard, R.B., Merigan T.C., Hirsch, M.S., George, Jr., A.L., Donahur, J.P., and Kim, R.B. Pharmacogenetics of Long-Term Responses in Efavirenz- 50 and Nelfinavir-Containing Antiretroviral Regimens: An Adult ADIS Clinical Trials Group Study. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 192:11:1931-1942, 2005. 568. Campbell TB, Shulman NS, Johnson SC, Zolopa AR, Young RK, Bushman L, Fletcher CV, Lanier ER, Merigan TC, Kuritzkes DR. Antiviral Activity of Lamivudine in Salvage Therapy for Multidrugresistant HIV-1 Clinical Infectious Diseases, 41:2:236-242, 2005. 569. Martin P, Vickrey JF, Proteasa G, Jimenez YL, Wawrzak Z, Winters MA, Merigan TC, Kovari LC. Wide-open 1.3 A Structure of a Multidrug-Resistant HIV-1 Protease as a Drug Target. Structure, 13:12:1887-1895, 2005. 570. Winters MA, Kagan RM, Heseltine PN, Merigan TC. New Two-Amino Acid Insertion Near Codon 70 of the HIV Type 1 Protease Gene. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses. 21: 4:311-313, 2005. 571. Winters MA, Kagan RM, Kovari L, Heseltine PN, Merigan TC. Rare One and Two Amino Acid Inserts Adjacent to Codon 103 of the HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase (RT) Affect Susceptibility to Non-Nucleoside RT Inhibitors. Antiviral Therapy. 10: 2:363-366, 2005. 572. Shulman NS, Delgado J, Bosch RJ, Winters MA, Johnston E, Shafer RW, Katzenstein DA, Merigan TC. Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Phenotypic Hypersusceptibility Can be Demonstrated in Different Assays. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. 39:1:78-81, 2005. 573. Gandhi RT, Spritzler J, Chan E, Asmuth DM, Rodriquez B, Merigan TC, Hirsch MS, Shafer RW, Robbins GK, Pollard RB. Effect of Baseline-and Treatment-Related Factors on Immunologic Recovery After Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-1-Positive Subjects: Results From ACTG 384. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. 42: 4:426-434, 2006. 574. Motsinger, AA, Ritchie, MD, Shafer, RW, Robbins, GK, Morse, GD, Labbe, L, Wilinson, GR, Clifford, D.B., D’Aquila, RT, Johnson, VA, Pollard, RB, Merigan, TC, Hirsch, MS, Donahue, JP, Kim, RB and Haas, DW. Multilocus Genetic Interactions and Response to Efavirenz-Containing Regimens: An Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study. Pharmocgenetic Genomics. 1611): 837-845, 2006. 575. Mitsuyasu, RT, Merigan, TC, Carr, A, Zack, JA, Winters, MA, Workman, C, Bloch, M, Lalezari, J, Becker, S, Thornton, L, Akil, B, Khanlou, H, Finlayson, R, McFarlane, R, Smith, DE, Garsia, R, Ma, D, Law, M, Murray, JM, von Kalle, C, Ely, JA, Patino, SM, Cooper, DA. Phase 2 Gene Therapy Trial of an Anti-HIV Ribozyme in Autologous CD34+ Cells. Nat. Med. 15(3): 285-292, 2009. 575. Rath, B. A., Olshen, R. A., Halpern, J., Merigan, T. C. Persistence versus Reversion of 3TC Resistance in HIV-1 Determine the Rate of Emergence of NVP Resistance VIRUSES-BASEL 2012; 4 (8): 1212-1234 576. Rath, B. A., Yousef, K. P., Katzenstein, D. K., Shafer, R. W., Schütte, C., von Kleist, M., Merigan, T. C. In vitro HIV-1 evolution in response to triple reverse transcriptase inhibitors & in silico phenotypic analysis. PloS one 2013; 8 (4)