Download Chapter 11 The Civil War Essential Question What were the

Chapter 11 The Civil War
Essential Question
What were the strategies, outcomes, and legacies of the Civil War?
Alabama Course of Study
Describe how the Civil War influenced the United States, including the Anaconda Plan and the major battles of Bull Run,
Antietam, Vicksburg, and Gettysburg and Sherman’s March to the Sea.
* Identifying key Northern and Southern Civil War personalities, including Abraham Lincoln, Jefferson Davis, Ulysses
S. Grant, Robert E. Lee, Thomas Jonathan “Stonewall” Jackson, and William Tecumseh Sherman
* Analyzing the impact of the division of the nation during the Civil War regarding resources, population distribution,
and transportation
* Explaining reasons border states remained in the Union during the Civil War
* Describing nonmilitary events and life during the Civil War, including the Homestead Act, the Morrill Act, Northern
draft riots, the Emancipation Proclamation, and the Gettysburg Address
* Describing the role of women in American society during the Civil War, including efforts made by Elizabeth
Blackwell and Clara Barton
* Tracing Alabama’s involvement in the Civil War
Vocabulary
1. Anaconda Plan
2. Emancipation Proclamation
3. Habeas corpus
4. Copperhead
5. Conscription
6. income tax
7. Clara Barton
8. Andersonville
9. Gettysburg Address
10. Appomattox Court House
11. 13TH Amendment
12. John Wilkes Booth
13. 54TH Massachusetts
14. Total warfare
15. CSS Hunley
16. Battle of Mobile Bay
17. Looneys Tavern (Winston County, Alabama)
Identify the following people and explain their importance.
South
1. Jefferson Davis
2. Robert E. Lee
3. Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
North
4. Abraham Lincoln
5. George McClellan
6. Ulysses Grant
7. David Farragut
8. William Tecumseh Sherman
Important Battles
9. Ft. Sumter
10. Bull Run
11. Antietam
12. Vicksburg
13. Gettysburg
14. Sherman’s March to the Sea
11.1 The Civil War Begins
1. Why did Jefferson Davis decide to forcefully take Fort Sumter?
2. Why was Virginia a huge gain for the Confederate States?
A.
B.
3. Identify the Confederate advantages.
4. Identify the Union advantages.
5. Explain was the Confederate strategy to win the war.
6. Explain was the Union strategy to win the war.
7. Why didn’t the “border states” join the Confederacy?
8. Why was it important for Farragut to seize the cities of New Orleans, Baton Rouge, and Natchez?
11.2 The Politics of War
1. What allowed for Britain to remain neutral in the war?
2. What was Lincoln’s main purpose for fighting the Civil War?
3. What was Lincoln’s view on slavery?
4. What was the strategic importance of the Emancipation Proclamation?
5. What did the Emancipation Proclamation do?
6. How did Southerners react to the Emancipation Proclamation?
7. How did Lincoln handle the Copperheads?
8. Why were poor Southerners upset with the conscription law?
9. Why did poor white Northerners riot because of the conscription?
11.3 Life During the War
1. How were African American soldiers treated different in the Union Army?
2. Describe what happened at Fort Pillow.
3. Why was the Confederacy facing food shortages?
A
B
C
4. What did the U.S. Congress do to help pay for the war?
5. Describe what life was like for soldiers on both sides of the war.
6. Compare Union and Confederate prisoner of war camps.
7. Why was prisoner exchange stopped during the war?
11.4 The North Takes Charge
1. Why is Gettysburg considered the turning point of the war?
2. Why did Lee try to invade Union territory?
3. What battle was Stonewall Jackson killed in?
4. In just three days of battle, how many men were lost on both sides?
5. Why was it so important for Grant to take Vicksburg?
6. What is total warfare?
A.
B.
7. Why was Grant called the “butcher”?
8. Describe Sherman’s march through Georgia.
9. Where did Lee surrender to Grant?
11.5 The Legacy of the War
1. How did the federal government change during and after the war?
2. How was the economy of the North during the war?
3. How was the economy of the South during the war?
4. What ended slavery everywhere in the United States?
5. What did Union nurse, Clara Barton, help establish in the United States in 1881?
6. Where was Abraham Lincoln assassinated?
7. What play was he and his wife watching?
8. Who assassinated Lincoln?
L,kIdentify the following people and explain their importance.
South
1. Jefferson Davis
President of the Confederate States of America.
2. Robert E. Lee
General in command of the Army of Northern Virginia. Leads the biggest Army in the South. Used bold strategies to
win battles that he was outnumbered in. Will surrender to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, VA.
3. Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
Robert E. Lee’s second in command. Won a major victory at the First Battle of Bull Run. Was accidentally shot and
killed by his own men at the Battle of Chancellorsville.
North
4. Abraham Lincoln
President of the United States. Hands on approach to the war. Will be assassinated right after the war ends.
5. George McClellan
The first supreme general for the Union. He was fired by Lincoln for being too cautious.
6. Ulysses Grant
Union general that won a major victory at Vicksburg. He was made supreme commander of the Union Army. Used the
battle tactic of total warfare.
7. David Farragut
Union admiral that seized the lower Mississippi River and Mobile Bay. “Damn the torpedoes, full speed ahead.”
8. William Tecumseh Sherman
Grant’s second in command. Used total warfare on his March to the Sea. Seized Atlanta, a major blow to the
Confederacy.
Important Battles
9. Ft. Sumter
In the harbor of South Carolina. Confederates fired the first shots of the war. Seized it from the Union.
10. Bull Run
First major battle of the war. Both armies were not prepared. Confederate victory.
11. Antietam
Bloodiest single day battle in American history. Over 25,000 men were lost in 13 hours of battle.
12. Vicksburg
The last Confederate fort to be seized on the MS. River. Grant succeeded in splitting the Confederacy.
13. Gettysburg
The turning point of the war. Lee tried to invade the North. 1/3 of the Confederate Army was lost. Lee could not
recover after this defeat.
14. Sherman’s March to the Sea
Sherman is going to burn his way through Georgia to Atlanta. Then, burned his way to Savannah. Then, marched his
army north along the Atlantic coast to meet up with Grant. Took a heavy toll on Southern morale.
11.1 The Civil War Begins
1. Why did Jefferson Davis decide to forcefully take Fort Sumter?
Felt that foreign countries would not look at the Confederacy as a real nation as long as another country’s army was
in their territory.
2. Why was Virginia a huge gain for the Confederate States?
A. Largest population in the South.
B. Most industrialized state in the South.
3. Identify the Confederate advantages.
Motivation in defending their home and family. Knowledge of the terrain. Better military leadership.
4. Identify the Union advantages.
Food production, more railroads, more manufacturing, bigger population, better civilian leadership.
5. Explain was the Confederate strategy to win the war.
Use defensive strategy. Prolong the war and wear out the North. Gain European support.
6. Explain was the Union strategy to win the war.
Anaconda Plan 1. Blockade ports. 2. Control the MS River to split the Confederacy. 3. Take Richmond, VA.
7. Why didn’t the “border states” join the Confederacy?
Had a large portion of anti-slavery population. Thought it would benefit them better remaining in the Union.
8. Why was it important for Farragut to seize the cities of New Orleans, Baton Rouge, and Natchez?
Then Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Tennessee would be cut off from the rest of the Confederacy.
11.2 The Politics of War
1. What allowed for Britain to remain neutral in the war?
Britain no longer relied on Southern cotton. They could get it from other places. Also bought wheat and corn from the
North. Also, did not support slavery.
2. What was Lincoln’s main purpose for fighting the Civil War?
To preserve the Union.
3. What was Lincoln’s view on slavery?
Disliked slavery but felt the federal government did not have the power to abolish it where it already existed.
4. What was the strategic importance of the Emancipation Proclamation?
Brought support from European nations. Turned the war into a moral cause. Blacks could enlist in the Army.
5. What did the Emancipation Proclamation do?
Theoretically, freed slaves only in territories held by the Confederacy. Slavery could exist elsewhere.
6. How did Southerners react to the Emancipation Proclamation?
Outrage. Made them more eager to fight.
7. How did Lincoln handle the Copperheads?
Suspended the writ of habeas corpus.
8. Why were poor Southerners upset with the conscription law?
Allowed for the rich to buy their way out of service.
9. Why did poor white Northerners riot because of the conscription?
Thought it was unfair for them to have to fight to free the slaves. Feared blacks moving up north and competing for
jobs.
11.3 Life During the War
1. How were African American soldiers treated different in the Union Army?
Paid less, served in segregated units led by white officers, could not rise above the rank of captain, and mortality rates
were higher.
2. Describe what happened at Fort Pillow.
Confederates led by Nathan Bedford Forrest killed over 200 black soldiers and their white comrads, that were trying to
surrender.
3. Why was the Confederacy facing food shortages?
A drain of manpower into the army.
B Union occupation of food growing areas.
C loss of slaves to work the fields.
4. What did the U.S. Congress do to help pay for the war?
Created an income tax
5. Describe what life was like for soldiers on both sides of the war.
Poor living conditions, filthy with disease, poor diet, and poor medical care.
6. Compare Union and Confederate prisoner of war camps.
Both were filthy, poor diet, lacked necessities, and full of disease.
7. Why was prisoner exchange stopped during the war?
Conederate government refused to release black POWs.
11.4 The North Takes Charge
1. Why is Gettysburg considered the turning point of the war?
1/3 of Lee’s army was lost. He could never again attempt to invade the North.
2. Why did Lee try to invade Union territory?
He needed supplies, he hoped that an invasion would force Lincoln to pull troops away from Vicksburg, and he
thought that a major Confederate victory on Northern soil might tip the political balance of power in the Union to proSouthern Democrats.
3. What battle was Stonewall Jackson killed in?
Chancellorsville
4. In just three days of battle in Gettysburg, how many men were lost on both sides?
Over 50,000
5. Why was it so important for Grant to take Vicksburg?
The Union would control the MS River and split the Confederacy in half.
6. What is total warfare?
A. Not only fight against the army and government but, against the civilians as well. Did not kill civilians! Destroyed
their property, land, and food sources.
B. Because, civilians produced the weapons, grew the food, and transported the goods on which the armies relied,
and, second, that the strength of the people’s will kept the war going.
7. Why was Grant called the “butcher”?
Because he kept attacking the Confederate Army even though, he knew he would lose a lot of men.
8. Describe Sherman’s march through Georgia.
Destroyed lots of land, burned down farms and cities, killed animals that could be used as food or help the
Confederates. Destroyed railroads leading in and out of Atlanta. Marched on to Savannah doing the same thing. Turned
north through the Carolinas.
9. Where did Lee surrender to Grant?
Appomattox Courthouse, VA.
11.5 The Legacy of the War
1. How did the federal government change during and after the war?
Power of the federal government and president increased. Federal government became the supreme power.
2. How was the economy of the North during the war?
Economy was doing great. Lots of jobs, selling and making of war supplies, and food goods.
3. How was the economy of the South during the war?
Devastated the Southern economy. Cheap labor was taken away, farms destroyed, livestock destroyed, industries
were destroyed, and railroads were destroyed.
4. What ended slavery everywhere in the United States?
13TH Amendment
5. What did Union nurse, Clara Barton, help establish in the United States in 1881?
The Red Cross
6. Where was Abraham Lincoln assassinated?
Ford’s Theater
7. What play was he and his wife watching?
Our American Cousin
8. Who assassinated Lincoln?
John Wilkes Booth