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13.1 Charlemagne Unites
Germanic Kingdoms
Many Germanic kingdoms that succeeded
the Roman Empire are reunited under
Charlemagne’s empire.
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European Middle Ages,
500–1200
Chapter Overview
After Charlemagne’s empire dissolves,
people look to local leaders for protection
from invaders. Feudalism and knighthood
develop as a result of this need for
protection. Later kings fail to revive
Charlemagne’s empire. They struggle
with the Church for power.
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European Middle Ages,
500–1200
Time Line
732 Charles Martel
stops Muslim
invasion.
900s Outside
invasions spur growth
of feudalism.
1190 Holy Roman
Empire weakens.
500
511 Clovis unites
Franks under Christian
rule.
1200
800
Charlemagne
crowned
emperor by the
pope.
962 Otto the Great
crowned emperor.
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Pg. 321
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1
Germanic Kingdoms
Unite Under
Charlemagne
Key Idea
Invasions cause the fall of the
Roman Empire, which is replaced
by small kingdoms. The leader of
the Frankish kingdom converts to
Christianity. This religion spreads
through western Europe as the
Frankish kingdom expands.
Charlemagne builds the Frankish
kingdom into an empire.
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1
Germanic Kingdoms
Unite Under
Charlemagne
MAP
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• Middle Ages
• Franks
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
• monastery
Many Germanic
kingdoms that
succeeded the
Roman Empire were
reunited under
Charlemagne’s
empire.
Charlemagne spread
Christian civilization
through northern
Europe, where it had a
permanent impact.
• secular
• Carolingian Dynasty
• Charlemagne
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p.317
European Middle Ages,
500–1200
SECTION 1
Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms
SECTION 2
Feudalism in Europe
SECTION 3
The Age of Chivalry
SECTION 4
The Power of the Church
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SECTION
1
Charlemagne Unites Germanic
Kingdoms
Invasions of Western Europe
Effects of Constant Invasions and Warfare
• Germanic invaders overrun western Roman Empire in
400s
• Fighting disrupts trade and government; people
abandon cities
• Marks the beginning of the Middle Ages—period from
500 to 1500
The Decline of Learning
• As cities are abandoned, level of learning declines
• Knowledge of Greek language and culture is
almost completely lost
Loss of a Common Language
• Introduction of German language changes Latin;
dialects develop
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SECTION
1
Germanic Kingdoms Emerge
Years of Upheaval Between 400 and 600
• Germanic kingdoms replace Roman provinces
• Continual wars change borders between kingdoms
• The Church provides order and security
The Concept of Government Changes
• Germans held together by family ties and loyalty, not
government
• Small communities are governed by unwritten rules
and traditions
• Germanic warriors pledge loyalty to their chief; live
in lord’s hall
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Continued . . .
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SECTION
1
continued Germanic
Kingdoms Emerge
Clovis Rules the Franks
• Germanic people called Franks hold power in
Roman province of Gaul
• Clovis, leader of the Franks, converts to Christianity
in 496
• Leads warriors against other Germanic armies
• Unites Franks into one kingdom with Church’s help
by 511
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SECTION
1
Germans Adopt Christianity
How the Church Spread
• Frankish rulers convert Germanic peoples to
Christianity
• Missionaries travel to convert Germanic and Celtic
groups
Monasteries, Convents, and Manuscripts
• Church builds monasteries—where monks live
to study and serve God
• Italian monk, Benedict, writes rules that govern
monastic life
• His sister Scholastica adapts rules for nuns living
in convents
• Monks establish schools, preserve learning
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through libraries
Continued . . .
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SECTION
1
continued Germans
Adopt Christianity
Papal Power Expands Under Gregory I
• In 590, Gregory I, also called Gregory the Great,
becomes pope
• Under Gregory, Church becomes secular—a
political power
• Pope’s palace becomes center of Roman
government
• Uses Church money to raise armies, care for poor,
negotiate treaties
• Establishes a Christendom—churchly kingdom
fanning out from Rome
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SECTION
1
An Empire Evolves
Europe’s Kingdoms
• The Franks control largest and strongest of
Europe’s many kingdoms
• By 511, Frankish rule extends over what is now
France
Charles Martel Emerges
• Most powerful official in kingdom is major
domo—mayor of the palace
• In 719, major domo Charles Martel becomes
more powerful than king
• Defeats Muslims from Spain at Tours in 732;
becomes a Christian hero
• Son, Pepin, begins Carolingian Dynasty—
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family that ruled 751–987
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SECTION
1
Charlemagne Becomes Emperor
From Pepin to Charlemagne
• Pepin dies in 768, leaves kingdom to two sons; in
771 one son dies
• Second son, Charlemagne (Charles the Great),
rules kingdom
Charlemagne Extends Frankish Rule
• Charlemagne’s armies reunite western Europe,
spread Christianity
• In 800, Charlemagne travels to Rome to protect
Pope Leo III from mobs
• Pope crowns Charlemagne emperor; gives him
title, “Roman Emperor”
• Germanic power, Church, heritage of Roman
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Empire now joined together
Continued . . .
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SECTION
1
continued Charlemagne
Becomes Emperor
Charlemagne Leads a Revival
• Charlemagne limits nobles’ power by governing
through royal agents
• Encourages learning and orders monasteries to open
schools
Charlemagne’s Heirs
• Charlemagne dies in 814; his son, Louis the Pious,
rules poorly
• Louis’s three grandsons fight for control of empire
• In 843 they divide empire into three kingdoms; sign
Treaty of Verdun
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Review Slides Section 1: Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms
Directions: In your notebook, write the correct term next to the corresponding
number.
Germanic Kingdoms 400 AD – 700 AD
• Farmers & Herders
• No (1)____________________ or laws
• Carved up (2)____________________
• (3)___________________ - most successful Germanic group
• (4)___________________ - king of the Franks, converted to Christianity
Monks and Nuns
• Could withdraw from (5)___________________ life to monasteries and convents
Benedictine Rule
• 520- Benedict made rules for (6)_____________ &(7) _____________ that established
the basic form of monasticism in the Catholic Church
• Took oath of (8)________________________
• Main duties- (9)______________________ & worship
• Also manual (10)______________ - worked fields
Charles Martel
• (11)____________________ swept from the Middle East
• Battle of (12) _____________ (732) - Frankish warriors defeated Muslim army.
• (13)_______________________ between two religions
The Age of Charlemagne
• In 800, his (14)_______________________ stretched across France,
Germany & Italy.
• Encouraged (15)_____________________
Pope Leo III
• Called on (16)___________________________________ to help with
rebellious Romans
• (17)______________________________________ was crowned emperor
• Eastern Roman emperor thought this was (18)____________________
• Widened the (19)_____________ between Eastern & Western Rome
Charlemagne’s Heirs
• Charlemagne died in 814 & empire fell apart
• 843- Treaty of (20)___________________ - split the empire into 3 parts.
Section 1 Essays Directions: Answer 5 of the 15 questions below in your notebook and
label SECTION 1 ESSAYS
1.What are the Middle Ages/Medieval Period?
2.What trends emerged as a result of repeated Germanic invasions?
3.How were the Germanic tribes different from the united Roman Empire (think languages,
learning, concept of government)?
4. Who is Clovis and what did he do? Who are the Franks?
5. How was Christianity spread to the Germanic peoples?
6. What is a monastery and what is a convent? What were they like and
why were they important?
7. How did Gregory I expand papal power?
8. What is the Merovingian Dynasty?
9. Who is Charles Martel and what did he accomplish?
10. What is the Carolingian Dynasty? Who is Charles Martel’s son and grandson who
expanded Frankish rule?
11. What did Charlemagne do to expand his empire?
12. When was Charlemagne crowned the Holy Roman Emperor and by whom?
13. How did Charlemagne govern his territory?
14. How did Charlemagne revive culture?
15. What happened to Charlemagne’s empire after his death (mention Treaty of Verdun)?