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Unit 6 Notes: Nucleic Acids & DNA Replication Sheet Name: _________________________________ NUCLEOTIDE The monomer (building block) of a nucleic acid. Contains 3 parts: 1. Sugar 2. Phosphate group 3. Nitrogen base R N A D N A BASE PAIR Two complementary bases held together by weak hydrogen bonds. R N A D N A GENE A section of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a trait (e.g. eye color, height) NUCLEIC ACIDS Genetic material passed from parent to offspring. RNA 1. Single stranded 2. Ribose sugar 3. Uracil DNA 1. Double stranded 2. Deoxyibose sugar 3. Thymine CHROMOSOME A segment of genetic material composed of DNA. SISTER CHROMATIDS The 2 halves of a doubled chromosome. Only occur during cell division. HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES Pairs of doubled chromosomes seen during meiosis. Spindle fibers attach at centromeres to pull chromatids apart Unit 6 Notes: Nucleic Acids & DNA Replication Sheet Name: _________________________________ DNA Replication / Synthesis PURPOSE: To make an extra copy of DNA during S-Phase of the cell cycle for cellular reproduction (mitosis or meiosis). This ensures each new daughter cell has an exact copy of DNA as the original parent cell. Too much change (mutation) in the DNA sequence may result in cancer. New strand Old strand Weak hydrogen bonds BASE-PAIR RULES A=T G≡C Old strand Base Pair New strand Nucleotide: 1. Phosphate group 2. Deoxyribose sugar 3. Nitrogen base (A,T,C,G) Replication fork Semi-Conservative Replication 1 new strand & 1 old, saved strand of DNA makes up each strand of the new DNA molecule.