Download Biology Fall Semester Exam Review Unit 1

Biology Fall Semester Exam Review
Unit 1: Scientific method, characteristics of life
What are the characteristics of life (pg. 6)
Define the following terms:
biology
observation
hypothesis
dependent variable
independent variable
control group
theory
cell
homeostasis
reproduction
metabolism
Unit 2: Ecology
Define the following terms:
ecology
population
community
ecosystem
habitat
consumers
decomposers
omnivores
biomes
Study the food chain below:
Use the food web above to answer the following questions.
What are producers? List examples from the food web.
What are herbivores? List examples from the food web.
What are carnivores? List example from the food web.
Use the energy pyramid below to answer the following questions.
Where are the producers found?
What is each level called?
Explain what happens to the number and kind of organisms as you go up the pyramid?
How much energy is passed up in each level? The remaining energy is lost as _______
What is primary succession. Give an example _______________________________
What is secondary succession?
Give two examples ____________ _______________
Define the following terms. Give an example of each.
predation
parasitism
commensalism p364
mutualism p364
Organisms that are after the same resource are in _______________________
What are things a good habitat needs?
What are abiotic factors? List two.
What are biotic factors? List two.
Unit 3 Review: Biodiversity
Define the following terms
adaptation
mutation
gradualism
homologous structures
Explain the following mechanisms for evolution (327-329)
Mutation
Natural selection
Who was Charles Darwin? (276-278)
Describe Darwin’s observations regarding different species of finches on the Galapagos Islands?
Explain the theory of evolution by natural selection (what must occur? Pg 280)
How do the following evidences of evolution explain how they support change over time:
Fossils – how could you tell which species is the oldest by looking at layers of fossils?
Homologies:
a. developmental-embryonic growth
b. molecular-amino acid sequence and data
c. anatomical-physical structure
Biogeography
Use the amino acid sequence comparison chart:
Which species are most related?
Which species are least related?
Amino Acid #
Species A
1
Tyr
2
Tyr
3
Tyr
4
Asp
Species B
Asp
Val
Tyr
Asp
Species C
Val
Val
Tyr
Asp
Using the image below:
Which organisms have the most homologies? Rayfinned fish and mammals, frogs and turtles, or crocodiles and birds?
Taxonomy
What is taxonomy?
What is the advantage of our scientific naming system?
How is a scientific name written?
Put into order from most general to most specific: family, genus, order, class, domain, species, phylum, kingdom
What are the 6 kingdoms?
What are the major characteristics of each kingdom?
Unit 4: Building Blocks of Life
Biochemistry
What are the four kinds of macromolecules?
What kind of macromolecule is sugar?
Carbohydrates are chains of ….
Proteins are chains of …
Nucleic acids are chains of …
What are the two types of nucleic acids?
Enzymes
What is activation energy?
What is an enzyme?
What four factors alter enzyme activity?
Unit 5: Cells
Cells
Why are cells small?
What are the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Explain the function of the following cell structures:
Ribosomes
Golgi apparatus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Cell membrane
Lysosomes
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Cell wall
Central Vacuole
Flagella
What organelles are only found in plant cells?
What is an example of a prokaryotic cell?
Label the diagram:
Cell Transport
Compare and contrast the characteristics of passive and active transport?
What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis?
What is facilitated diffusion?
What is the difference between hypotonic/ hypertonic/ isotonic?
What is endocytosis?
What is the difference between phagocytosis and pinocytosis?
What is exocytosis?
Unit 6: Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration, and Systems
Chapter 5
Where does most of the energy Earth come from?
How do most autotrophs obtain energy?
How do heterotrophs obtain energy?
What is ATP?
What happens during photosynthesis?
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
What is the primary pigment involved in photosynthesis?
Why is chlorophyll green?
What happens during cellular respiration?
What is the equation for cellular respiration?
Where does cellular respiration take place?
What is aerobic respiration?
What is anaerobic respiration?
Fermentation happens under aerobic/ anaerobic conditions.
What are the two kinds of fermentation? What kind happens in our muscles?
Do cells produce more or less ATP in the presence of oxygen?
Why do plants have mitochondria if they can make their own food?
How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration connected?
Systems: Human/Plant
What is the function of the circulatory system?
Describe the function of the following structures:
veins
capillaries
arteries
heart
What is the function of the respiratory system?
What are red blood cells?
Describe the function of the following structures:
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Lungs
Alveoli
What is the function of the digestive systems?
Describe the function of the following structures?
Nose/Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Draw a plant and label the following structures and describe their role
Roots, Stem, Leaves
Stomata and Guard cells
Xylem
Phloem
Cuticle