Download microscope project

MICROSCOPE’S
MICROSCOPE
EVOLUTION
Edited by Cester Annagiulia 2I
Objectives :
22--03
03--2014
22
Analyze the technological evolution of the microscope starting with a
rudimentary until you get to a digital.
digital
Historical context:
The story of the simple microscope coincides with the
magnifying glass and optical instruments derived from it, such
as the telescope. Just for this reason, some historians attribute
the invention of the microscope to Galileo, who in 1624
would have come up with a small telescope, called a
lorgnette.
The model of Flanders. Other scholars, however, believe that
the credit should be attributed to Zechariah Jannsen, a
Dutchman who in 1595 built a tool would have a length of about 40 cm, consisting of three pipes
that ran into each other. The prototype was manufactured by his father, while the children of
Zechariah perfected it further. An example, perhaps not authentic, the original Jannsen models is
preserved at the museum in Middelburg (Netherlands).
Instead it is more recent electronic
electron microscope, invented
nted in the thirties by Manfred von Ardenne
and Ernst Ruska. In this case, the object is scanned with an electron beam, instead of visible light,
which allows you to enlarge a particular more than 100 thousand times.
Microscope : (from the greek : μικρόν Mikrón "small" and σκοπεῖν Skopein "look") is a tool that
allows you to solve and enlarge small objects to allow direct observation, or indirectly through
photography and electronic systems.
The microscopes are divided, depending on the system used to investigate
investigate the sample, optical
microscopes, electron microscopes, scanning probe microscopes, binocular microscopes,
• The optical microscope used as the light source
• The transmission electron microscope (TEM)
• The scanning probe microscope (SPM)
Scheme and / or drawing
Materials and tools
3x screws (24 cm)
9x bolts
4x butterfly bolts
5x washers for screws
plywood
sheet of plexiglass to place your phone (23,5 cm x 15cm)
sheet of plexiglass to support everything that we're going to look at under the microscope
(10cm x 15cm)
laser pointer ‘s lens
mini LED flashlight
rectangle of wood (32cm x 20cm)
metal tube (28cm)
wooden door slides
lens-holder in wood
wooden knob
elastic
nylon thread *
Mini LED
two lenses cut from a telescope
tape
Mounting of the project
The first step that I made was to drill the wooden base with three
holes: two near the top of the base and one 4 cm away from the
opposite edge of downtown, into them I put 3 screws 24 cm high
(see figure), then the I fixed it to the base with a washer both
below and above it. Then I washed the sheet of plexiglass,
matching the holes to those made previously for the screws so I
can insert them, then I repeated the process with the other sheet
of plexiglass, but since I have to be smaller only pierced the side.
The latter I made sure that could be moved to and from the
bearing surface of the phone, to focus on the object you are
looking at, to do so I applied two butterflies (one above and one below) to each screw so you can
move the sheet where it will be supported what we observe.
Finally I made a hole in the table top between the two screws and I put the laser pointer’s lens,
which will allow us to increase the number of magnifications
To redefine everything I coloured the base in brown.
First I built the door and slide the lens holder with two
blocks of wood, for the first I cut out a frame at one
end of this prism so that when you have to observe
the object, the light from it shines directly on the mini
led slide, to secure it to the metal support I created a
wooden pipe and have them assembled together with
two screws
(see figure) for the second I created two circles at both
ends of the box so that one could enter the lens and the other metal in the auction.
To build the microscope lens I used the above scheme I got two converging lenses from an old
telescope and I joined it with with a rubber tube about 4 cm long, placing them to the top of them,
then I put around it some insulating tape.
Then I inserted the metal rod inside the base, I used a screw to 1.5 cm from the bottom and the
other on the wooden cylinder between these two I applied the rubber band that will serve to
control the rise of the door slides, this occurs thanks to the nylon thread attached to a wooden
knob bound to the metal support and a screw fixed to the wooden tube that extends and shortens.
As a final step I inserted and fixed the lens-holder auction and then I entered the eye through the
hole at the end.
Proceedings
The procedure is the same for both: I decided to analyze a grasshopper dissected under a
microscope, so in that rudimentary I placed on the slide-door, I turned on the LED mini and I
focus .
.In one digital I placed the phone on the objective lens of the laser pointer and objects in the door I
placed the grasshopper and I focus and then I took a picture.
Analysis and Opinion
With my experiment I wanted to
highlight the technological
evolution of the microscope
that shows how the
refinement of this
instrument have led us
to discover a new
world: that of microorganisms.
With a rudimentary microscope we could perceive an increase in the magnitude of the observed
object, performing a magnification of 10x ,on the contrary s for the digital one I have also
analyzed the details of the structure of the grasshopper, zooming over the 280x, these tools are
constantly evolving and will allow the observation of ever smaller particles.
Interactions by the investigator
We start from the rudimentary microscope. First step we have to select the object or animal to
observe and we place it on a glass slide as a result we put the eye on the ocular and ,with the
wood knob, we approach the object up to see him clearly. While in the digital one we always
must choose the object to observe and place it on the slide rack, then take your phone (possibly
with a camera that exceed the 5 megapixels) and position the objective on the laser pointer lens ,
move it until you find a clear image of what you are observing.
Note
With the term of nylon we indicate in particular the aliphatic polyamides, but sometimes the same
term is used (improperly) to indicate also the class of poliaramidi (to which belong the Kevlar and
Nomex), which are instead of the aromatic polyamides.
Nylons are mostly used as a textile fiber and to produce small artifacts