Download SSWH7, SSWH8, and SSWH9 Concept Review

SSWH7, SSWH8, and SSWH9 Concept Review
SSWH7 The student will analyze European medieval society with regard to culture, politics,
society, and economics.
a. Explain the manorial system and feudalism; include the status of peasants and feudal monarchies
and the importance of Charlemagne.
Manorial system-Serfs worked land for nobles, self-sustaining economy
Feudalism-system where land is divided among kings and vassals for protection
Peasants
Charlemagne-Leader of the Francs, first Holy Roman Emperor
b. Describe the political impact of Christianity; include Pope Gregory VII and King Henry IV of
Germany (Holy Roman Emperor).
Investiture Controversy-Debate over who could appoint religious leaders (bishops), the pope or the Holy
Roman Emperor
King Henry appointed his own bishops and was excommunicated by Pope Gregory/ King Henry had to go
beg for forgiveness/ Strengthened the power of the Pope
Investiture Controversy ended by Concordant of Worms
c. Explain the role of the church in medieval society.
Church was central in medieval society/ Many places lacked strong political rulers, church took their place
Church offered stability
d. Describe how increasing trade led to the growth of towns and cities.
Increased trade lead to the growth of cities
SSWH8 The student will demonstrate an understanding of the development of societies in
Central and South America.
a. Explain the rise and fall of the Olmec, Mayan, Aztec, and Inca empires.
Olmecs-First civilization in Mesoamerica
Mayans- Located in Yucatan Peninsula, came after Olmecs
Aztecs-Located in modern day Mexico, moved into Valley and created city called Tenochilitian/ conquered
land
Incans-Located in Andes in South America, spread throughout Andes
b. Compare the culture of the Americas; include government, economy, religion, and the arts of the
Mayans, Aztecs, and Incas.
Olmecs-Agriculture based, built giant heads, simply disappeared
Mayans-Based on cities, built temples, created accurate calendar, polytheistic, declined because of
overpopulation
Aztecs-Ruled by a king, highly advanced agricultural economy, polytheistic and relied on sacrifice, highly
advanced military and arts, Defeated by Spanish under Hernando Cortez
Incans-Ruled by centralized government that organized labor, advanced agriculture and trading system,
polytheistic, defeated by Spanish under Pizzaro
SSWH9 The student will analyze change and continuity in the Renaissance and Reformation.
a. Explain the social, economic, and political changes that contributed to the rise of Florence and the
ideas of Machiavelli.
Independent Italian city states developed as key areas during Renaissance, a time of renewed
interest in Greek and Roman cultures
Florence developed as the most important city during the Renaissance
Machiavelli-Wrote the “Black Prince,” first work of political science/ ends justify the means
b. Identify artistic and scientific achievements of Leonardo da Vinci, the “Renaissance man,” and
Michelangelo.
Causes of the Renaissance- Cities, Money from Trade, and Greek and Roman Ideas
Leonardo Da Vinci-Good at many things, “Renaissance Man”
Michelangelo-painted Sistine Chapel and sculpted the David
c. Explain the main characteristics of humanism; include the ideas of Petrarch, Dante, and Erasmus.
Humanist-focused on humans, not religion
Petrach-important Italian Poet
Dante- wrote the Divine Comedy
Eramus-important Humanist writer, wrote on religious issues
d. Analyze the impact of the Protestant Reformation; include the ideas of Martin Luther and John
Calvin.
Reformation-Movement to change/ improve the Catholic Church
Martin Luther-started Reformation by writing the 95 Theses/ opposed indulgences
John Calvin-supported Luther, predestination
Movement spawned new religions called Protestants, included Lutherans, Calvinist, etc. Started
wars and conflicts
e. Describe the Counter Reformation at the Council of Trent and the role of the Jesuits.
Movement by the Catholic Church against the Reformation.
Council of Trent- Codified Catholic beliefs and actions against the church (heresy), Helped
strengthen Church as it was under attack from Reformation
Jesuits-Group who supported Catholic Church/ Missionaries for Catholicism
f. Describe the English Reformation and the role of Henry VIII and Elizabeth I.
Henry VIII defended the Catholic Church during the Reformation. He split with the Catholic
Church and formed the Church of England (Anglican Church) after the Pope refused to give him a
divorce His daughter Elizabeth turned England away from the Catholic church for good.
g. Explain the importance of Gutenberg and the invention of the printing press.
Johannes Gutenberg invented the printed press. Allowed for the printing of books. Information
and ideas spread faster.