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Earth Science Minerals
Date:
Name:
1.
2.
Which mineral is white or colorless, has a
hardness of 2.5, and splits with cubic cleavage?
A.
calcite
B.
C.
pyrite
D. mica
3.
halite
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)
on the two tables below and on your knowledge
of Earth science. Table 1 shows the composition,
hardness, and average density of four minerals
often used as gemstones. Table 2 lists the minerals
in Moh's Scale of Hardness from 1 (softest) to 10
(hardest).
Table 1
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)
on the map below, which shows areas where
certain minerals were mined in signi cant amounts
during 1989.
Gemstone Mineral
Composition
Hardness
emerald
Be3 Al2 (Si6 O18 )
7.5–8
spinel
MgAl2 O4
sapphire
zircon
Al2 O3
Average Density
(g/cm3 )
9
ZrSiO4
2.7
4.0
8
3.8
7.5
4.7
KEY
Al = aluminum
O = oxygen
Mg = magnesium
Zr = zirconium
Be = beryllium
Si = silicon
Table 2
Moh's Scale
of Hardness
In which New York State landscape region was
most of the garnet mined?
A.
Catskills
B.
Adirondack Mountains
C.
Tug Hill Plateau
1
talc
3
calcite
5
apatite
6
feldspar
7
quartz
8
topaz
9
corundum
2
4
D. Erie-Ontario Lowlands
10
gypsum
uorite
diamond
Which gemstone minerals contain the two most
abundant elements by mass in Earth's crust?
page 1
A.
emerald and spinel
B.
emerald and zircon
C.
sapphire and spinel
D. sapphire and zircon
4.
5.
Which property of a mineral most directly results
from the internal arrangements of its atoms?
A.
volume
B.
C.
crystal shape
D. streak
6.
The table below shows the chemical composition
of some common minerals found in rocks of
lithosphere.
color
Mineral
Chemical Composition
Hematite
Fe2 O3
Calcite
CaCO2
Quartz
The accompanying table provides information
about four common silicate minerals.
SO2
Potassium feldspar
KAlSi3 O8
As indicated by its chemical composition, which
mineral could have formed when CO2 (carbon
dioxide) combined with another substance?
7.
A.
potassium feldspar
B.
hematite
C.
quartz
D. calcite
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)
on the table below, which shows the characteristics
of four di erent mineral samples.
Mineral Characteristics
Mineral
Sample
Which conclusion is best supported by the
information in this table?
The shape of the tetrahedral unit controls the
shape of the broken mineral.
B.
The arrangement of the tetrahedral units
controls the mineral breakage pattern.
C.
The percent of shared oxygen controls the
size of the mineral crystal.
Luster
Streak
Breakage Pattern
Galena
gray
metallic
gray
breakes into cubes
Halite
colorless
nonmetallic
colorless
break into cubex
Gold
yellow
metallic
yellow
irregular breakage
Quartz
A.
Color
colorless
nonmetallic
colorless
irregular breakage
Which two mineral samples most likely have a
similar internal arrangement of atoms?
D. The type of atoms present controls how much
oxygen is shared.
8.
A.
galena and quartz
B.
galena and halite
C.
gold and halite
D. gold and galena
The internal atomic structure of a mineral most
likely determines the mineral's
A.
color, streak, and age
B.
origin, exposure, and fracture
C.
size, location, and luster
D. hardness, cleavage, and crystal shape
page 2
Earth Science Minerals
9.
The diagram below represents a part of the crystal
structure of the mineral kaolinite.
12.
The most abundant metallic element by mass
in Earth's crust makes up 8.23% of the crust.
Which group of minerals all normally contain this
metallic element in their compositions?
A.
garnet, calcite, pyrite, and galena
B.
biotite mica, muscovite mica,
halite
C.
talc, quartz, graphite, and olivine
uorite, and
D. plagioclase feldspar, amphibole, pyroxene, and
potassium feldspar
An arrangement of atoms such as the one shown
in the diagram determines a mineral's
A.
13.
age of formation
B.
in ltration rate
C.
physical properties
Data Table
D. temperature of formation
10.
The table below lists some information about the
minerals graphite and diamond.
Mineral
Composition
graphite
carbon
Depth of Hardness
Formation
shallow
1
diamond
carbon
very deep
Electrical
Conductor
good
10
poor
Some properties of diamond are di erent from
those of graphite because diamond
Silicate minerals contain the elements silicon and
oxygen. Which list contains only silicate minerals?
A.
graphite, talc, and selenite gypsum
B.
potassium feldspar, quartz, and amphibole
C.
calcite, dolomite, and pyroxene
A.
has a di erent arrangement of atoms
B.
forms larger crystals
C.
has a di erent composition
D. is older in geologic age
D. biotite mica, uorite, and garnet
11.
Which material is made mostly of the mineral
quartz?
A.
sulfuric acid
B.
pencil lead
C.
plaster of paris
D. window glass
page 3
Earth Science Minerals
14.
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)
on the table and photograph below and on your
knowledge of Earth science. The table shows the
approximate mineral percent composition of an
igneous rock. The photograph shows the true-scale
crystal sizes in this igneous rock.
Mineral Name
plagioclase feldspar
Percentage of
Mineral Present
55%
biotite
15%
amphinole
15.
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)
on the passage below.
Asbestos
Asbestos is a general name given to the
brous varieties of six naturally occurring
minerals used in commercial products. Most
asbestos minerals are no longer mined due to
the discovery during the 1970s that long-term
exposure to high concentrations of their
long, sti
bers leads to health problems.
Workers who produce or handle asbestos
products are most at risk, since inhaling high
concentrations of airborne bers allows the
asbestos particles to become trapped in the
workers' lungs. Chrysotile is a variety of
asbestos that is still mined because it has
short, soft, exible bers that do not pose
the same health threat.
30%
The chemical formula for chrysotile is
Mg3 Si2 O5 (OH)4 . State the name of the mineral
found on the Earth Science Reference Tables that
is most similar in chemical composition.
Identify two elements that are commonly found in
all three minerals in the data table.
page 4
Earth Science Minerals
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Earth Science Minerals
1.
Answer:
B
2.
Answer:
B
3.
Answer:
B
4.
Answer:
C
5.
Answer:
B
6.
Answer:
D
7.
Answer:
B
8.
Answer:
D
9.
Answer:
C
10.
Answer:
B
11.
Answer:
D
12.
Answer:
D
13.
Answer:
A
14.
Answer:
Silicon, oxygen, aluminum
15.
Answer:
tale
03/18/2015