Download Biology Notes: Modern Taxonomy

Name: _________________________________________________ Date: _______________ Period: ________ Biology Notes: Modern Taxonomy Directions: Fill in the blanks as we cover the topic in the PowerPoint. Corresponds to textbook pages How is life classified today? • Taxonomy: grouping life __________________ to __________________ – not just __________________ anymore • Phylogeny: ___________________ history of an ________________________ • Morphology: studying the _______________ and __________________ of organisms – Comparing the morphology (_____________) of _____________ species shows _______________ and/or __________________ – Morphology shows ___________ ‐ relationships also! • Homologous structures : body parts that have a similar ________________, but different ______________ – ____________ homologous structures of ________________ organisms can show ______________ – Conclusion: __________________ structures shows __________________ • Biochemical evidence – Comparing __________, RNA, ______________, & ______________ – ______________ and ______________can be found • ______________ mutates at __________________ rates – _____________ time that has passed = ___________________ – Conclusion: Organisms with similar __________________ are more ______________ related • Chromosome Evidence – ______________ of different species are examined for ________________ and ________________ (__________________, shape, gene sequence) – Conclusion: __________________ organisms have ______________ similarities • Embryo Development – ______________ (ball of cells) forms __________________ in development – ______________ (small indentation) begins to form __________________ system – __________________ develops into the ______________ of some animals and ______________ of others – Conclusion: __________________ development indicates ______________ Cladograms • Defined: ______________ diagram used to __________________ evolutionary __________________ - Try to __________________ life __________________ to __________________ traits • Shows ___________________________ •
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Q: List 2 characteristics of a salamander. _______________________________________________________ Q: From the diagram, which organism is most closely related to the chimp? _______________________________________________________ Cladogram Practice 1) What does an amphibian & crocodile have in common? _____________________________________________ 2) List the traits of a ray‐finned fish: _____________________________________________ Review 1) What is morphology and how can it be used to help classify organisms? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 2) What are homologous structures and how is it used to help classification? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3) How can molecular evidence like DNA and chromosomes be used to classify life? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 4) What do the dashes on a cladogram represent? ________________________________________________ 5) What does it mean if two different organisms develop along similar pattern? Different patterns? _______________________________________________________________________________________ Examine the cladogram to answer the questions below: 6) List the traits of organism 4: ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ 7) What does organism 2 and 5 have in common? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 8) Which trait separates organism 1 from the rest? _______________________________________________________________________________________