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 Review pre­lab lectures notes and lab handouts Lab 5 ­ Genetics and Cell Division Discuss the phases of the cell cycle: G0, S, G2, and M. During which phase is DNA replicated? During which phase precedes actual cell splitting? Compare asexual and sexual cell reproduction. What is the purpose of asexual cell division? What are the cells that result from sexual cell reproduction called? What is a gamete? How is a gamete different than a diploid cell? Where in the animal body does meiosis and sexual cell division occur? Define the following: genotype, phenotype, homozygous, heterozygous, dominant gene, recessive gene, sex­linked trait Answers to Lab 5 GENETICS PROBLEMS
1. Which of the following genotypes represents a gamete? Why?
a. Aa
Gametes are haploid cells with ½ the normal gene complement of two.
b. AB
Letter a contains two copies of the a gene and letter c contains two copies of
c. AaBb
both a and b genes.
2. Show all the different kinds of gametes that could be produced by the
following individuals after meiosis. In other words, these are diploid
genotypes. What would be the genotype of the gametes?
a. aa: a only
b. Bb: B or b
c. AA: A only
d. TTRR: TR only
e. CcDd: CD, cD, Cd, Cd
f. AABb: AB, Ab
g. Aabb: Ab, ab
3. In dogs, wire hair is due to a dominant gene (W) and smooth hair is due to
its recessive allele (w).
a. If a homozygous wire-haired dog is mated with a smooth haired
dog, what type of offspring could be produced?
W
W
All wire-haired puppies
w
w
b. What type of offspring could be produced in the F2 generation?
W
W
w
w
75% chance of wire-haired pup
25% chance of a smooth-haired pup
c. Two wire-haired dogs are mated. Among the offspring of their
first litter is a smooth-haired pup. If these two wire-haired dogs
mate again, what are the chances that they will produce another
smooth-haired pup?
W
w
W
w
Since the parents had a smooth-haired pup they
must be heterozygous
What are the chances the pup will be wire-haired? 75%
d. A wire-haired male is mated with a smooth-haired female. The
mother of the wire-haired male was smooth haired. What are the
phenotypes and genotypes of the pups they could produce?
W
w
w
W
Genotypes
homozygous recessive =
heterozygous
=
Phenotypes
smooth hair
wire hair
4. In snapdragons, red flower color is incompletely dominant over white
flower color. The heterozygous plants have pink flowers.
a. If a red-flowered plant is crossed with a white-flowered plant,
what are the genotypes and phenotypes of the plants of the F1
generation?
R
R
All offspring will have the heterozygous genotype and will be
phenotypically pink.
w
w
b. What are genotypes and phenotypes of the F2 generation?
R
w
w
R
G
RR
Rw
Ww
P
red
pink
white
c. What kinds of offspring would be produced when a red-flowered
plant is crossed with a pink flowered plant? red (RR) and pink (Rw)
d. What kinds of offspring would be produced when a pink flowered
plant is crossed with a white flowered plant? Pink (Rw) and white (ww)
5. In humans, colorblindness is a recessive, sex-linked trait.
a. Two normal people have a colorblind son. What are the genotypes
of the parents and what genotypes and phenotypes are possible
among their children?
XC
XC
Y
Xc
0% chance a daughter will be colorblind
50% chance a son will be colorblind
25% chance overall
b. A couple has a colorblind daughter. What are the possible
genotypes and phenotypes of the parents and the daughter?
Mother
XCXc or
XcXc
Father
Daughter
XcY
XcXc
The father must be colorblind since fathers have only one
possible X chromosome to donate to their daughters
Lab 6 - Animal Diversity
List the taxonomic categories from Kingdom to Species. Which category is most exclusive?
Discuss the major animal phyla with regards to symmetry, segmentation, cephalization, and
organ systems present.
List the vertebrate classes and discuss the major adaptations seen in each class. Which
features are important as animals become fully terrestrial?
Lab 8 – Environmental Studies Area
Review the definitions of terms 1-10 on pg. 1 of your lab hand-out
Give the following information for the five representative plant communities we visited at the
ESA:
Soil: rich, poor, sandy, etc.
Sun exposure: sunny, shady, etc,
Amt. of rainfall
Predominant plant species
Leave adaptations